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Plagioclase rich clasts, orthopyroxene rich matrix, purified pyroxene, and plagioclase from the Civet Cat clast define a Rb-Sr isochron age of 4.18 + or - 0.04 x 10 to the 9th power yr and an initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of 0.69922 + or - 0.00005. The fit of all data to the line is within error except for plagioclase 3, and blank corrections are essentially negligible. The decay constant used is 1.39 x 10 to the minus 11th power yr.
Concentrations of Rb and Sr and the Sr87/86 ratios are determined in a large number of Apollo 15 samples, including KREEP basalts, mare basalts, anorthosite breccia clasts, lithic fragments, a spinel-bearing clast, green glass samples, breccia matrix, and soils. Relative concentrations of Sm, Eu, Rb, and Sr are also examined in the samples, with particular attention to Rb/Sr systematics vs other trace element abundances and total chemical compositions of rocks. Analysis of crystalline KREEP samples rich in trace elements indicates that the differentiation of these rocks has extended to -4.25 AE age, a significantly later time than the presumed time of accretion of the moon.
Experimental determination of the distribution coefficients in diopside-liquid pairs for strontium and nine rare-earth elements in the system CaMgSi2O6-NaAlSi3O8-CaAl2Si2O8. In experiments in air at 1265 C it is found that most of the Sr(2+), Eu(2+), and RE(3+) ions substitute for Ca(2+) and, in addition, a coupled substitution of Al(3+) for Si(4+) occurs. All of the trace ions considered are found to be excluded from the diopside lattice relative to the liquid. In the case of the trivalent ions the exclusion is much more pronounced for La and Ce, which have ionic radii larger than that of Ca(2+) in 8-fold oxygen coordination. Divalent Sr and Eu with even larger radii are also strongly excluded.
Anorthosite 60015 contains the lowest initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio yet reported for a lunar sample. The initial ratio is equal to that of the achondrite Angra dos Reis and slightly higher than the lowest measured Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio for an inclusion in the C3 carbonaceous chondrite Allende. The Pb-Pb ages of both Angra does Reis and Allende are 4.62 X 10 to the ninth power yr. Thus, the initial Sr/87/Sr-86 ratio found in lunar anorthosite 60015 strongly supports the hypothesis that the age of the Moon is about 4.65 b.y. The U-238/Pb-204 value estimated for the source of the excess lead in "orange soil" 74220 is approximately 35 and lower than the values estimated for the sources of KREEP (600-1000), high-K (300-600), and low-K (100-300) basalts. From these and other physical, chemical and petrographic results it was hypothesized that (1) the moon formed approximately 4.65 b.y. ago; (2) a global-scale gravitational differentiation occurred at the beginning of lunar history; and (3) the differentiation resulted in a radical chemical and mineralogical zoning in which the U-238/Pb-204 ratios increased toward the surface, with the exception of the low U-238/Pb-204 surficial anorthositic layer which "floated" at the beginning of the differentiation relative to the denser pyroxene-rich material.
Rb-Sr isotopic data for mineral separates from a rock of the Manicouagan impact melt sheet define an isochron of age T = 214 + or - 5 (2 sigma) m.y. which agrees with the K-Ar age of 210 + or - 8 (2 sigma) calculated by Wolfe (1971). The initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio I is found to be 0.70991 + or - 0.00007 (2 sigma); four whole rock samples yield age-corrected I values ranging from 0.70965 to 0.71006. These high I values support the hypothesis that the melt sheet was derived by total melting of Grenville basement rocks during the impact event 214 m.y. ago.
The reported Rb-Sr studies demonstrate a complex heterogeneity of lunar polymict breccia 14321 and exclude significant thermal metamorphism of 14321 in a hot ejecta blanket. While basalt clast 14321,371 is found to have an age of about 4.0 b.y., corresponding to the previously determined time of internal equilibration for another sample, the results for two microbreccia clasts from 14321,554 and 14321,220 indicate the lack of complete equilibration at that time. Light matrix samples are indistinguishable from the basalt with respect to K, Rb, and Sr, and, in contrast to the matrix from subsample 14321,184, the light matrix samples contain no appreciable KREEP-rich component.
Chemical, trace element, and isotopic compositions of tektites are consistent with production by melting of sediments derived from the old terrestrial continental crust. Each tektite group is characterized by a uniform Nd model age, interpreted as the time of formation of the crustal segment which weathered to form the parent sediment for the tektites. Sr model ages are variable within each group, reflecting Rb-Sr fractionation, and, in the favorable limit of very high Rb/Sr ratios, approach the time of sedimentation of the parent material which melted to form the tektites. Unlike tektites, which are dense homogeneous objects, sanidine spherules are porous, fine grained inhomogeneous objects. The leaching experiment employed by the present study shows that the sanidine spherules could have been formed by an oceanic impact involving basaltic crust and overlying sediments or seawater.
Pb, Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic compositions of Oahu volcanics indicate that the three principal volcanic series on Oahu Koolau, Honolulu and Waianae - were derived from isotopically distinct sources. Honolulu and Waianae basalts plot on the Nd-Pb-Sr 'mantle plane' whereas Koolau data plot distinctly below the plane.
A search experiment for cosmic ray magnetic monopoles was performed by means of atomic induction mechanism by using He mixture gas proportional counters of the calorimeter (130 square meters sr) at the center of the Akeno air shower array. In 3,482 hours operation no monopole candidate was observed. The upper limit of the monopole flux is 1.44 x 10 to the minus 13th power cm-z, sec -1, sr-1 (90% C.L.) for the velocity faster than 7 x 0.0001 c.
The Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic characteristics of two mafic-ultramafic bodies, the Kemperai Massif in the South Ural Mountains and the Voykar-syninsky Massif in the Polar Ural mountains are examined. The data are found to be consistent with the hypothesis that these bodies represent fragments of old oceanic crust. Whole rock samples of pillow basalt, troctolite, gabbros, diabase, and a metasediment give Sm-Nd values which lie on this isochron indicating that the rock units are genetically related and formed 397 My ago. Basic and ultrabasic rocks from Kempersai and Voykar-Syninsky have an initial isotopic composition at time T, epsilon Nd(397 My), of +8.4, indicating derivation for an ancient depleted mantle source. The Sr isotopic data and the correlation with epsilon Nd indicate extensive alteration by seawater which is particularly strong on ultrabasic rocks. The results show that the segments of oceanic crust formed at least 80 My before the collision that produced the Urals.
Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic data for the Bad Vermilion Lake anorthosite in the Rainy Lake area of the Superior Province of northwesten Ontario show that direct ages of Archean anorthosites can be obtained with these isotopic systems despite the effects of low-grade metamorphism. There is sufficient spread in Sm/Nd between plagioclase megacrysts and coexisting mafic groundmass to allow the determination of reasonably precise internal Sm-Nd isochrons. Initial isotopic ratios of Nd and Sr add to the growing body of data indicating the Superior Province is underlain by depleted mantle.
Nd and Sr isotopic analyses were performed on selected volcanic rocks of 27-6 Ma age in the Green Tuff region of northeastern Japan, in adjacent areas, and in two ultramafic inclusions from Ichinomegata. The isotopic data plot generally along the region of the mantle array, and the volcanic rocks vary in epsilon(Nd) from -0.9 to 5.7, and in epsilon(Sr) from 14.1 to -16.3. It is found that the volcanic rocks are part of an evolutionary pattern over a time period of 27 Ma, and that the pattern goes from an initially enriched source to that of a very depleted source. A greater-than-15-Ma preopening stage, characterized by an enriched isotopic signature, and a less-than-15-Ma postopening stage, characterized by a depleted signature, are identified. It is suggested that the degree of continental crust involvement is high during the preopening stages of a back-arc basin when it is associated with a rifted continental mass.
Trace element and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic compositions of anorthosites and related rocks, and of younger mafic dikes from Harp Lake and Mealy Mountains in Labrador, Canada are estimated and compared. The effects of crustal component contaminants on the isotopic compositions of the dikes are investigated. The correlation between the isotopic data and the crustal contamination model is studied. It is observed that for Harp Lake the initial Sr ratios are higher and the Nd values are lower than Mealy samples, and the data do not correspond to the crustal contamination model; however, the Pb isotope data favor a crustal contamination model. It is noted that the Labrador segment of the Grenville Front appears to coincide with the southern margin of the Archean North Atlantic craton, and may represent a pre mid-Proterozoic suture.
Wind tunnel tests have been conducted on a one-foot diameter model of the SR-7L propfan in the Langley 16-Foot and 4 x 7 Meter Wind Tunnels as part of the Propfan Test Assessment (PTA) Program. The model propfan was sized to be used on a 1/9-scale model of the PTA testbed aircraft. The model propeller was tested in isolation and wing-mounted on the aircraft configuration at various Mach numbers and blade pitch angles. Agreement between data obtained from these tests and data from Hamilton Standard validate that the 1/9-scale propeller accurately simulates the aerodynamics of the SR-7L propfan. Predictions from an analytical computer program are presented and show good agreement with the experimental data.
A cooperative wind tunnel test program, referred to as GUN-3, had been conducted previously to assess the effect of inlet configuration and location on the inlet face pressure recovery and inlet drag in the presence of a high-speed advanced turboprop. These tests were conducted with the inlets located just downstream of the SR-3 model Prop-Fan, a moderately swept, eight-bladed 62.2 cm (24.5 inch) diameter advanced, high-speed turboprop model fabricated from titanium. During these tests, two blades of the SR-3 model Prop-Fan were strain gaged to measure the vibratory blade stresses occurring during the inlet aerodynamic test program. The purpose of the effort reported herein was to reduce and analyze the test results related to the vibratory strain gage measurements obtained. Three inlet configurations had been tested. These were: (1) single scoop, (2) twin scoop, and (3) annular. Each of the three inlets was tested at a position just behind the rotor. The single scoop inlet was also tested at a position further aft. Tests were also done without an inlet. These results emphasize the importance of avoiding critical speeds in the continuous operating range.
Compositionally diverse Late Archean rocks (2.74-2.79 Ga old) from the eastern Beartooth Mountains (Montana and Wyoming) were studied and shown to have the same initial Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios. Lead and Sr initial ratios are higher and Nd initial values lower than predicted for rocks derived from model mantle sources and strongly indicate the involvement of an older crustal reservoir in the genesis of these rocks. A model involving subduction of continental detritus and contamination of the overlying mantle is suggested.
The paper reports the positron-annihilation lifetime and Doppler-broadening energy spectra in La(1.85)Sr(0.15)CuO4 superconductors for T = 10-297 K. A strong temperature dependence in positron lifetime and momentum distribution parameters is observed for positron-electron annihilation data while the sample is in the superconducting state, but not while it is in the normal state. Experimental evidence is presented that the superconducting mechanisms in La(1.85)Sr(0.15)CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 are similar and it is suggested that this is a consequence of a common physics involving the delicate balance between localized- and itinerant-electron behavior.
The Sr and Nd isotopic composition was analyzed for samples from the Late Eocene tektite material from DSDP site 612 off the New Jersey coast, to determine whether these tektites may be assigned to the North-American-tektite group. It was found that the ranges of the Sr-87/Sr-86 and the Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios were much wider than in the 612-tectite material than in the tightly constrained group of North American tektites and microtektites and were significantly different from ratios in other groups of tektites. Results indicate that the DSDP tektites were formed from a chemically and isotopically heterogeneous material, in a regime that was different from that of other groups of tektites. It is suggested that the 612-tectites and the North American tektites were either formed by impacts of several bolides in the same general area or by a single impact event that sampled different layers.