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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Monthly Sewer Monitoring Report for LLNL Livermore Site (Jun 2020)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) collects effluent samples from its sewer outfall at the B196 Sewer Monitoring Station (SMS). Effluent flow-proportional composite samples are collected at the SMS on a daily (midnight-to-midnight), weekly (Thursday through Wednesday), and “monthly” (composited from daily) basis; effluent grab samples are also collected each month at that same location. Certified contract laboratories analyze these compliance samples, and results are used to establish LLNL compliance with the 2019 - 2020 Wastewater Discharge Permit (Permit 1250) granted by the City of Livermore Water Resources Division (WRD). Supplemental analyses for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) are performed onsite and reported for the calculation and assessment of sewer service charges. Quarterly, effluent is sampled for metals (24-hour composite) and cyanide (grab sample) concentrations (mg/L).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Selective mass scaling for single-layer thick shell elements in DYNA3D

Hexahedral elements can be adapted to model thin and moderately thick structures by neglecting the coupling of through-thickness stress, resulting in a fully three-dimensional, but simplified, state of stress. These specialized elements, often referred to as “thick” or “solid” shells, are generally employed to model thin-walled structures using continuum mechanics-based material models. In explicit dynamics simulations, where computational speed is important, these elements are integrated with a single quadrature point and a set of anti-hourglassing (stabilizing) forces. Thick shells, by definition, have a thickness dimension smaller than their in-plane dimensions, and this small thickness often determines the stable time step size in simulations, despite the mechanics being approximated. To alleviate this limitation while retaining the relevant dynamics of thin-walled structures, selective mass scaling (SMS), or selective mass “augmentation,” has been proposed in the literature. In this technical report, we explore the application of SMS to single-layer thick shells in the simulation software DYNA3D.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1972

Task 2: Flight prototype system design report, pulsed plasma solid propellant microthruster for the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite

Design details are presented of the solid propellant pulsed plasma microthruster which was analyzed during the Task 1 effort. The design details presented show that the inherent functional simplicity underlying the flight proven LES-6 design can be maintained in the SMS systems design even with minimum weight constraints imposed. A 1293 hour uninterrupted vacuum test with the engineering thermal model, simulating an 18.8 to 33 g environment of the propellant, its feed system and electrode assembly, revealed that program thruster performance requirements could be met. This latter g environment is a more severe environment than will be ever encountered in the SMS spacecraft.

Guman, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

An investigation of compressor noise by use of a spinning mode synthesizer.

Use of the Spinning Mode Synthesizer (SMS) as a tool for studying the properties of such complex waves as those generated by fan engines. This has greatly reduced the amount of trial and error techniques used for optimizing duct liners. The SMS was designed by using simple transducer theory and properly controlling the phasing to each of 8 loudspeakers. It provides a means for making in-duct measurements of the radial, axial, and circumferential modal distributions. Results are presented which show that the device is of value for investigation of the highly complex nature of compressor radiated noise.

Oslac, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The synchronous meteorological satellite /SMS/ system.

The responsibilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Department of Commerce (DOC) pertaining to SMS are described in this paper. A description of the program objectives, payload, and spacecraft subsystems, is included along with an abbreviated description of the SMS ground system. Particular interest is directed towards the visible and infrared spin-scan radiometer (VISSR) as it will be the prime sensor and its performance directly effect the mission objectives. Also, of significant importance is the description of the communications subsystem since transmission and retransmission of image data, data relay, and data collection platform (DCP) transmissions play such a major role in the system. The conclusion is established that the current plans form a workable system for providing timely, high-quality day and night imaging of the earth's weather.

Burr, P. T.↗
NASA NTRS1974

First geosynchronous weather satellite prepared for launch

The Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS), which is scheduled for launch 16 May 1974 is described along with the data transmission system. The Carrier Balloon System is discussed. The primary type of data to be obtained in conjunction with SMS and Nimbus F are meteorological, oceanographic, seismic, and tsunami information. The Space Environment Monitoring System is also described.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

Synchronous meteorological satellite system description document, volume 4

The command and data acquisition (CDA) station for the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) program, located on the Eastern shore of Virginia, is described in terms of facility layout, ground support instrumentation, and capabilities. Data systems and equipment are described in detailed block diagrams. The major subsystems are identified and information on equipment specifications, frequency ranges, and data processing format is given. Automatic picture transmission, data utilization stations, data collection platforms, and the various communication links from the CDA station to the SMS spacecraft are discussed.

Lahzun, J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Geometrical procedures for the analysis of spacecraft attitude and bias determinability

Geometrical procedures are presented for predicting the determinability of spacecraft attitude and bias parameters. An analysis is presented on three common attitude measurements: sun angle, nadir angle, and sun-to-earth mid-scan rotation angle. First, the geometry of these measurements is considered for an arbitrary fixed location of the spacecraft; then the effect of orbital motion is analyzed. The results are summarized in a set of simple geometrical rules. The application of these rules to the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite-2 (SMS-2) is discussed. As a result of this geometrical analysis, modifications were made to the SMS-2 bias determination schedule which substantially enhanced the determinability of attitude sensor biases.

Wertz, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Spacelab Mission Simulation-II

The NASA Johnson Space Center conducted the second in a series of Spacelab mission simulations during the week of January 26-February 1, 1976. The facilities that supported the Spacelab Mission Simulation-II (SMS-II) included mock-ups of Spacelab, the Orbiter mid-deck and aft flight deck areas, and support areas simulating a mission control area and a payload operation control area. The SMS-II encompassed presently identified Spacelab mission requirements including experiment solicitation, evaluation, selection, and prioritization; crew selection and training; experiment hardware development, integration, and evaluation. The payload chosen included a cosmic ray physics experiment which was located on a pallet aft of the Spacelab and 20 biomedical experiments which were performed in the Spacelab. This paper will summarize simulation experience to date and list areas requiring substantial evaluation in the future.

Sawin, C. F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The operational processing of wind estimates from cloud motions: Past, present and future

Current NESS winds operations provide approximately 1800 high quality wind estimates per day to about twenty domestic and foreign users. This marked improvement in NESS winds operations was the result of computer techniques development which began in 1969 to streamline and improve operational procedures. In addition, the launch of the SMS-1 satellite in 1974, the first in the second generation of geostationary spacecraft, provided an improved source of visible and infrared scanner data for the extraction of wind estimates. Currently, operational winds processing at NESS is accomplished by the automated and manual analyses of infrared data from two geostationary spacecraft. This system uses data from SMS-2 and GOES-1 to produce wind estimates valid for 00Z, 12Z and 18Z synoptic times.

Novak, C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Thunderstorm monitoring from a geosynchronous satellite

It has been shown that SMS digital IR data can be used to calculate parameters which appear to be related to cloud or thunderstorm growth rates and variations in cloud top structure. The data appear to be useful in examining both clearly defined single clouds and cold areas within mature cirrus anvils. The data used for this study were blackbody temperatures derived from digital IR data from SMS-2 for a series of storms over the midwest United States on May 6, 1975.

Adler, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Stereographic cloud heights from SMS/goes imagery

Stereographic pairs of SMS/GOES images, generated simultaneously by the spin-scan cameras of each of two geostationary satellites (SMS 1 and SMS2), separated by 32 degrees of longitude on February 1, 1975, were analyzed photogrametrically to yield cloud heights with a two-sigma uncertainty of 500 meters. These cloud heights compare favorably with heights of the same clouds measured by radar and IR methods. The same SMS image pairs were used to measure mountaintop heights with a mean deviation of 0.24 km from cartographic values.

Minzner, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The President's Day cyclone 17-19 February 1979: An analysis of jet streak interactions prior to cyclogenesis

The President's Day cyclone, produced record breaking snowfall along the East Coast of the United States in February 1979. Conventional radiosonde data, SMS GOES infrared imagery and LFM 2 model diagnostics were used to analyze the interaction of upper and lower tropospheric jet streaks prior to cyclogenesis. The analysis reveals that a series of complex scale interactive processes is responsible for the development of the intense cyclone. The evolution of the subsynoptic scale mass and momentum fields prior to and during the period of rapid development of the President's Day cyclone utilizing conventional data and SMS GOES imagery is documented. The interaction between upper and lower tropospheric jet streaks which occurred prior to the onset of cyclogenesis is discussed as well as the possible effects of terrain modified airflow within the precyclogenesis environment. Possible deficiencies in the LFM-2 initial wind fields that could have been responsible, in part, for the poor numerical forecast are examined.

Uccellini, L. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

An operations manual for the Spinning Mode Synthesizer in the Langley Aircraft Noise Reduction Laboratory

The need for a dependable and controllable noise source and the consequent development of the Spinning Mode Synthesizer (SMS) is discussed. Configuration of the SMS incorporated into the flow duct facility is reported. Turbofan noise is composed of a series of fundamental acoustical modes, which are produced by acoustic drivers equispaced circumferentially around the flow duct. Pressure field is compared to an ideal result in an optimization algorithm, adjusting driver settings until system error is minimized. The following items are included: operating instructions, a detailed description of the system, and a user's guide to data acquisition packages available.

Palumbo, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The Shuttle Mission simulator visual imagery

Shuttle Mission Simulator visual imagery at the NASA Johnson Space Center is described. SMS visual imagery includes low earth orbit, six landing sites, landing aids systems, the Orbiter payload bay, stars and miscellaneous objects. Visual imagery of early space shuttle mission payloads in the SMS is described. Two current visual simulation problems are discussed.

Henderson, T. H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The Shuttle Mission Simulator computer generated imagery

Equipment available in the primary training facility for the Space Transportation System (STS) flight crews includes the Fixed Base Simulator, the Motion Base Simulator, the Spacelab Simulator, and the Guidance and Navigation Simulator. The Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) consists of the Fixed Base Simulator and the Motion Base Simulator. The SMS utilizes four visual Computer Generated Image (CGI) systems. The Motion Base Simulator has a forward crew station with six-degrees of freedom motion simulation. Operation of the Spacelab Simulator is planned for the spring of 1983. The Guidance and Navigation Simulator went into operation in 1982. Aspects of orbital visual simulation are discussed, taking into account the earth scene, payload simulation, the generation and display of 1079 stars, the simulation of sun glare, and Reaction Control System jet firing plumes. Attention is also given to landing site visual simulation, and night launch and landing simulation.

Henderson, T. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Physiologic adaptation to space - Space adaptation syndrome

The adaptive changes of the neurovestibular system to microgravity, which result in space motion sickness (SMS), are studied. A list of symptoms, which range from vomiting to drowsiness, is provided. The two patterns of symptom development, rapid and gradual, and the duration of the symptoms are described. The concept of sensory conflict and rearrangements to explain SMS is being investigated.

Vanderploeg, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Degradation studies of SMRM Teflon

A working group was organized to study materials and components of the Solar Max Satellite (SMS) that was returned by the STS 41C. These materials were exposed in space for 50 months and represent the only real time long term exposure data available to date. In the molecular modeling of material and energetic oxygen atom interaction, it is pointed out that the importance of developing correlation between accelerated exposure data from STS and some real time data. In particular, it was predicted that Teflon which showed no detectable degradation on various STS flights may be susceptible to atomic oxygen degradation under real time conditions. Initial inspection of returned SMS samples showed that Teflon suffered visual damage such as cracking and yellowing. The results of examination of these samples are given.

Liang, R. H.↗