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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

1D model of SOL with self consistent calculation of non-coronalradiation and applications to shallow field line angles

A 1D model of the scrape off layer (SOL) is created with a physics based calculation of the impurity radiation and the inclusion of the perpendicular heat flux q ⊥ compared to previous 1D models. The calculation of the impurity radiation includes the addition of a model using parallel and perpendicular motion to calculate the impurity confinement time τ and the inclusion of charge exchange between neutral hydrogen and impurity ions. Reasonable agreement is found between the model and the 2D fluid code SOLPS-ITER. Additionally, an improvement is shown over the constant τ used in previous works The model is used to examine the effects of shallow field line angles at ITER levels of parallel heat flux (q || ). A large increase in radiation results in an increase in the upstream parallel heat flux which can still be in detachment at shallow field line angles for both q ⊥ and the calculated τ for traditional impurities (argon and nitrogen) as well as boron. The physics behind this increase in radiation at shallow field line angles is shown to be a decrease in τ and a change in the temperature profile with the inclusion of q ⊥ .

ITER↗
DOE OSTI2026

MHD-induced SOL filaments and divertor heat flux striations in NSTX

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in NSTX has been found to induce striated heat flux patterns at the divertor. These striated heat fluxes were previously interpreted as strike-point splitting caused by stochastic magnetic lobes near the X-point. Recent analysis indicates that MHD can directly generate filaments in the scrape-off layer (SOL), and the MHD-related filaments are consistent with the rotation and the frequency of the MHD. Magnetic field line tracing from the mid-plane of the MHD-related filaments to the divertor is consistent with the location of striated heat fluxes on the divertor. Additionally, gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic data shows the generation of regular blobs following each edge harmonic oscillation (EHO) toroidal mode number n = 1 perturbation, which indicates that the MHD perturbation directly drives the blobs. These blobs are responsible for the divertor heat flux striations. Here, this finding provides a new framework for understanding MHD-induced edge transport and has important implications for heat-load control in NSTX-U and future spherical tokamaks.

MHD↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fully generalized, turbulent trace impurity transport with Gkeyll and Flan in the DIII-D far-SOL

The Monte Carlo trace impurity turbulent transport code Flan is introduced for the first time. Flan follows impurities in a turbulent background plasma from Gkeyll using the Lorentz force to resolve the full particle gyro orbit. Collisions are handled using the Nanbu collision algorithm (Nanbu 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 4642–52), and ionization/recombination is handled via ADAS coupling. The far-SOL of a generic DIII-D L-mode is simulated with and without the collision model to show how collisions affect radial tungsten transport. Anomalous diffusion coefficient (D r ) and pinch velocity (v p ) profiles are extracted from fits to the results. With collisions, D r and v p are between 0–1.0 m 2 s −1 and −100–100 m s −1 , respectively. Without collisions, D r and v p are between 0–0.3 m 2 s −1 and −50–50 m s −1 , respectively. Exponential fits to the radial W density profiles and experimental data from W deposition along a collector probe are in good agreement, demonstrating Flan as a useful interpretive modeling tool. Additional simulations show that impurity transport away from the wall increases with atomic number, though it is not clear why. Flan has the potential to better interpret existing data and improve reactor scale predictions of core contamination because the underlying physics model is very general and does not rely on arbitrary user-defined transport coefficients.

DIII-D↗
DOE OSTI2024

LCO Synthesis by Sol-Gel Method

The synthesis of Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide (LCO) via Sol-Gel method provides a potentially low-cost method of production for a P-type photocatalytic. LCO was prepped from Lanthanum and Nitrate Precursors in Aqueous solution. After a significant amount of water is evaporated, the solution is deposited onto SiO2 substrate via spin-deposition method. After annealing, the samples produce thin film LCO that display thickness of sub-500 nanometers. The samples material profile is confirmed by both Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Additionally, two-point probing tested the conductivity of the samples. The thin film samples display characteristics of a P-type photocatalytic and may potentially be used in the formation of a P-N junction for user in water-splitting applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Demonstration of Optimal Benchmark Selection Website and Validation of the q c Coverage Metric Using HEU-SOL-THERM-013-003 Experiment

In the work documented in this interim report, the experiment selection toolkit web site was demonstrated and q C coverage metric methodology was validated for IEU-MET-FAST-002-001, MIX-COMP-THERM 004-004, and HEU-SOL-THERM-013-003 experiments. 𝑞 𝐶 is an information-theoretic measure based on mutual information that quantifies the ability of candidate benchmark experiments to reduce the bias and uncertainty of a target criticality safety application. The metric and an accompanying open-source Python toolkit with a web-based interface were tested against a benchmark set of 425 experiments drawn from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project Handbook. The interface is hosted at https://edim.covdef.com. It accepts sensitivity data files produced by the TSUNAMI-IP module of the SCALE code system and supports both (i) deterministic analysis using the ENDF/B-VII.0 covariance library and (ii) stochastic analysis based on user-supplied keff samples. Demonstrations on representative applications across a range of material composition, spectrum, and form show that q C -guided benchmark selection achieves greater uncertainty reduction with fewer experiments and yields more stable posterior bias and uncertainty estimates than traditional similarity coefficient ( c k )–based selection, while also capturing valuable low-ck experiments that one-to-one metrics overlook.

Abdel-khalik, Hany S. [Indiana Univ.-Purdue Univ. ↗
NASA NTRS1971

Irradiation of linear polyethylene - Partitioning between sol and gel.

Molecular weight fractions of linear polyethylene were irradiated at 133 C, in the completely molten and highly crystalline states, for the purpose of assessing the importance of chain-scission processes and establishing the critical conditions for gelation. The partitioning between sol and gel in either state was found to adhere to the theory for the intermolecular cross-linking of monodisperse species for dosages just beyond the gel point. Deviations from theory occurred as the dosage was increased further. It was concluded that main-chain scission, at these temperatures, is not a significant process. High molecular weight samples in the completely molten state obeyed the Flory-Stockmayer condition for critical gelation.

Rijke, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Irradiation of linear polyethylene - Partitioning between sol and gel.

Investigation of the importance of chain-scission processes and of the applicability of the general theory of network formation to polyethylene with respect to critical conditions for gelation, using molecular weight fractions of linear polyethylene irradiated at 133 C. The partitioning between sol and gel was found to adhere to the theory just beyond the gel point. Deviations from theory occurred as the irradiation dosage was increased. It was concluded that main-chain scission at the temperatures concerned is not a significant process.

Rijke, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Ultrapure glass optical waveguide: Development in microgravity by the sol gel process

The sol-gel process for the preparation of homogeneous gels in three binary oxide systems was investigated. The glass forming ability of certain compositions in the selected oxide systems (SiO-GeO2, GeO2-PbO, and SiO2-TiO2) were studied based on their potential importance in the design of optical waveguide at longer wavelengths.

Mukherjee, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Analysis of the Viking Lander 1 surface wind vector for sols 45 to 375

The Viking Lander 1 wind sensor data during the period between sols 45 and 375 were corrected. During this period, the heating element of the quadrant sensor which provided the primary signal used for determining wind direction had failed, but both hot film wind sensors were functioning normally. The wind speed and direction corrections are explained.

Leovy, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Sol-Gel synthesis of MgO-SiO2 glass compositions having stable liquid-liquid immiscibility

MgO-SiO2 glasses containing up to 15 mol % MgO, which could not have been prepared by the conventional glass melting method due to the presence of stable liquid-liquid immiscibility, were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. Clear and transparent gels were obtained from the hydrolysis and polycondensation of silicon tetraethoxide (TEOS) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate when the water/TEOS mole ratio was four or more. The gelling time decreased with increase in magnesium content, water/TEOS ratio, and reaction temperature. Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate crystallized out of the gels containing 15 and 20 mol % MgO on slow drying. This problem was partially alleviated by drying the gels quickly at higher temperatures. Monolithic gel samples were prepared using glycerol as the drying control additive. The gels were subjected to various thermal treatments and characterized by several methods. No organic groups could be detected in the glasses after heat treatments to approx. 800 C, but trace amounts of hydroxyl groups were still present. No crystalline phase was found from X-ray diffraction in the gel samples to approx. 890 C. At higher temperatures, alpha quartz precipitated out as the crystalline phase in gels containing up to 10 mol % MgO. The overall activation energy for gel formation in 10MgO-90SiO2 (mol %) system for water/TEOS mole ratio of 7.5 was calculated to be 58.7 kJ/mol.

Bansal, Narottam P.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Sol-gel synthesis of magnesium oxide-silicon dioxide glass compositions

MgO-SiO2 glasses containing up to 15 mol pct MgO, which could not have been prepared by the conventional glass melting method due to the presence of stable liquid-liquid immiscibility, were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. Clear and transparent gels were obtained from the hydrolysis and polycondensation of silicon tetraethoxide (TEOS) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate when the water/TEOS mole ratio was four or more. The gelling time decreased with increase in magnesium content, water/TEOS ratio, and reaction temperature. Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate crystallized out of the gels containing 15 and 20 mol pct MgO on slow drying. This problem was partially alleviated by drying the gels quickly at higher temperatures. Monolithic gel samples were prepared using glycerol as the drying control additive. The gels were subjected to various thermal treatments and characterized by several methods. No organic groups could be detected in the glasses after heat treatments to approx. 800 C, but trace amounts of hydroxyl groups were still present. No crystalline phase was found from X-ray diffraction in the gel samples to approx. 890 C. At higher temperatures, alpha quartz precipitated out as the crystalline phase in gels containing up to 10 mol pct MgO. The overall activation energy for gel formation in 10MgO-90SiO2 (mol pct) system for water/TEOS mole ratio of 7.5 was calculated to be 58.7 kJ/mol.

Bansal, Narottam P.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The Sizing and Optimization Language (SOL): A computer language to improve the user/optimizer interface

The nonlinear mathematical programming method (formal optimization) has had many applications in engineering design. A figure illustrates the use of optimization techniques in the design process. The design process begins with the design problem, such as the classic example of the two-bar truss designed for minimum weight as seen in the leftmost part of the figure. If formal optimization is to be applied, the design problem must be recast in the form of an optimization problem consisting of an objective function, design variables, and constraint function relations. The middle part of the figure shows the two-bar truss design posed as an optimization problem. The total truss weight is the objective function, the tube diameter and truss height are design variables, with stress and Euler buckling considered as constraint function relations. Lastly, the designer develops or obtains analysis software containing a mathematical model of the object being optimized, and then interfaces the analysis routine with existing optimization software such as CONMIN, ADS, or NPSOL. This final state of software development can be both tedious and error-prone. The Sizing and Optimization Language (SOL), a special-purpose computer language whose goal is to make the software implementation phase of optimum design easier and less error-prone, is presented.

Lucas, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Improving the temperature performance of low-density ceramic heatshields through sol-gel processing

The performance of rigid insulations for use as thermal protection materials on reentry vehicles can be characterized by their resistance to dimensional and morphological change when exposed to an isothermal environment equivalent to that generated in entry. Improvements in these material characteristics for alumina-enhanced thermal barrier insulation by compositional modification through sol-gel processing are reported.

Bull, Jeffrey↗
NASA NTRS1992

Sol-Gel Synthesis Of Aluminoborosilicate Powders

Application of sol-gel process to synthesis of aluminoborosilicate powders shows potential for control of microstructures of materials. Development of materials having enhanced processing characteristics prove advantageous in extending high-temperature endurance of fibrous refractory composite insulation made from ceramic fibers.

Bull, Jeffrey↗
NASA NTRS1992

Sol-gel synthesis and densification of aluminoborosilicate powders. Part 1: Synthesis

Aluminoborosilicate powders high in alumina content were synthesized by the sol-gel process utilizing various methods of preparation. Properties and microstructural effects related to these syntheses were examined. After heating to 600 C for 2 h in flowing air, the powders were amorphous with the metal oxides comprising 87 percent of the weight and uncombusted organics the remainder. DTA of dried powders revealed a T(sub g) at approximately 835 C and an exotherm near 900 C due to crystallization. Powders derived from aluminum secbutoxide consisted of particles with a mean diameter 5 microns less than those from aluminum isopropoxide. Powders synthesized with aluminum isopropoxide produced agglomerates comprised of rod shaped particulates while powders made with the secbutoxide precursor produced irregular glassy shards. Compacts formed from these powders required different loadings for equivalent densities according to the method of synthesis.

Bull, Jeffrey↗