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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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101 records · Page 6

Theoretical Prediction of Thermal Expansion Anisotropy for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 Environmental Barrier Coatings Using a Deep Neural Network Potential and Comparison to Experiment

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are an enabling technology for silicon carbide (SiC)-based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in extreme environments such as gas turbine engines. However, the development of new coating systems is hindered by the large design space and difficulty in predicting the properties for these materials. Density Functional Theory (DFT) has successfully been used to model and predict some thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical properties of high-temperature ceramics for EBCs, although these calculations are challenging due to their high computational costs. In this work, we use machine learning to train a deep neural network potential (DNP) for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 , which is then applied to calculate the thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical properties at near-DFT accuracy much faster and using less computational resources than DFT. We use this DNP to predict the phonon-based thermodynamic properties of Y 2 Si 2 O 7 with good agreement to DFT and experiments. We also utilize the DNP to calculate the anisotropic, lattice direction-dependent coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 . Molecular dynamics trajectories using the DNP correctly demonstrate the accurate prediction of the anisotropy of the CTE in good agreement with the diffraction experiments. In the future, this DNP could be applied to accelerate additional property calculations for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 compared to DFT or experiments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Data Mining of Polymer Phase Transitions upon Temperature Changes by Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Combined with Raman Spectroscopy

The complex physical transformations of polymers upon external thermodynamic changes are related to the molecular length of the polymer and its associated multifaceted energetic balance. The understanding of subtle transitions or multistep phase transformation requires real-time phenomenological studies using a multi-technique approach that covers several length-scales and chemical states. A combination of X-ray scattering techniques with Raman spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry was conducted to correlate the structural changes from the conformational chain to the polymer crystal and mesoscale organization. Current research applications and the experimental combination of Raman spectroscopy with simultaneous SAXS/WAXS measurements coupled to a DSC is discussed. In particular, we show that in order to obtain the maximum benefit from simultaneously obtained high-quality data sets from different techniques, one should look beyond traditional analysis techniques and instead apply multivariate analysis. Data mining strategies can be applied to develop methods to control polymer processing in an industrial context. Crystallization studies of a PVDF blend with a fluoroelastomer, known to feature complex phase transitions, were used to validate the combined approach and further analyzed by MVA.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Fundamental Studies of Tritium Formation and Diffusivity in Pure and Defective Zircaloy-4 Getters

Zirconium (Zr) alloys have excellent mechanical properties at high temperature and are resistant to corrosion in different environmental conditions. These alloys are used as tritium (3H or T) getters in nuclear reactors due to their low absorption cross section to thermal neutrons and excellent thermo-mechanical properties. Zr alloys have better mechanical and thermal properties than many other refractory alloys including stainless steel. After the irradiation of TPBAR by neutron flux, 3H produced during irradiation diffuses though the pellets and is captured by the getter. 3H chemically reacts with Zr metal to form metal hydride (ZrTx). Hydrides thus formed are brittle and adversely affect the mechanical and thermal properties of alloys. The lattice mismatch at the interface of alloy and metal hydrides also creates a stress that significantly reduces the alloy’s performance and operation life. Therefore, understanding the behavior of 3H and its species becomes significant as fuel burnup is increased, which leads to increase in hydrogen pickup and oxide formation.

Duan, Yuhua↗

Temperature Dependence of Band Gap Renormalization in High-T Sensor Materials via First-Principles and Experimental Corroboration

Understanding the temperature dependence of functional properties of high-T gas sensing materials is vital for their applications in combustion environments. The electron-phonon coupling that derives the electronic structure change with temperatures is a key property of interest as it affects other sensing responses. Herein, we assess the temperature dependence of band gap renormalization in metal oxides and perovskites by employing Allen-Heine-Cardona theory with first-principles simulations and corroborate with experimental observation. The calculated temperature-dependent band gap changes of these materials studied are in good agreement with in-house experimental data, proving that the theory can adequately predict renormalization on the band gap in the system of interest. The predicted and measured band gap variations are characterized using an analytical model, which can provide useful insights on the simulated zero-temperature band gaps. Based on the available data, a set of 53 metal oxides and perovskites were identified as potential high-T gas sensors. A machine learning model has been developed to predict the band-gap change by capturing the overall trend of the empirical parameters with respect to a reduced feature obtained by transforming the set of available physical features.

Park, Jongwoo↗

Modeling Ni Coarsening under Humid Atmosphere in the Electrode of Solid Oxide Cells

Ni coarsening is an important degradation mechanism in solid oxide cells. It is reported that Ni coarsening is faster under a humid atmosphere experimentally, but the underline mechanism is not well understood. In this work, Ni coarsening through Ni(OH)x surface diffusion was investigated by a combination of density-functional theory (DFT) and phase-field modeling (PFM). DFT is used to evaluate the surface coverage and diffusivity of Ni(OH)x on Ni (111) surface and the results are used as an input to the PFM to simulate Ni coarsening under humid atmospheres on both reconstructed and synthetic microstructures. It is found that steam partial pressure and microstructure effect alone cannot explain the faster Ni coarsening under a humid atmosphere observed experimentally. Large local overpotential in fuel cell mode is needed to explain the fast Ni coarsening.

Lei, Yinkai↗

Defect Thermodynamics and Transport Properties of Perovskite and Fluorite Materials for Solid-Oxide and Proton Conducting Oxide Cells Evaluated Based on Density Functional Theory Modeling

Density functional theory based defect thermodynamic modeling was performed to determine the effect of humidity and H2/O2 gas pressure on various defect chemistry and transport properties of perovskite and fluorite oxides for solid-oxide and proton-conducting-oxide cell applications, with inclusion of the electronic-conducting oxides (as electrodes) and insulating oxides (as electrolytes). Automatic defect generation workflow and first-principles charged defect analysis were implemented on NETL Joule supercomputer for modeling defect equilibria and transport properties of insulating oxides as electrolytes in SOCs and proton-conducting ceramic cells. A GNU Octave defect model subroutines were developed to facilitate defect modeling of electronic conducting oxides in a wide range of operating conditions guided by modeling and experiments. The model includes the hydride defect formation reaction under reducing conditions and allows to incorporate nonstoichiometry effects on the defect thermodynamic parameters. The developed model serves as a platform to facilitate fundamental understanding of the defect thermodynamics in SOC oxide materials and can be used as a novel tool in computational materials screening for SOC and other energy applications.

Lee, Yueh-Lin↗