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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H28RuS2(N3O5)2 by Materials Project

RuH16S2(NO2)4(NH4)2(H2O)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four ammonium molecules, four water molecules, and two RuH16S2(NO2)4 clusters. In each RuH16S2(NO2)4 cluster, Ru6+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to four N+1.67- and two equivalent S2- atoms. All Ru–N bond lengths are 2.15 Å. Both Ru–S bond lengths are 2.30 Å. There are two inequivalent N+1.67- sites. In the first N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru6+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N+1.67- site, N+1.67- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru6+ and three H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and two longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.72 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67- atom. S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ru6+ and three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.53 Å) and one longer (1.55 Å) S–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one H1+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K4Ru(NO2)6 by Materials Project

Ru(K2(NO2)3)2 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of three rutenio molecules and one K2(NO2)3 framework. In the K2(NO2)3 framework, there are two inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.25 Å. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are three shorter (2.89 Å) and six longer (2.90 Å) K–O bond lengths. N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.27 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one N+2.33+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb2Ag4Pd3(NO2)12 by Materials Project

(RbAg2(NO2)6)2(Pd)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of six palladium molecules and one RbAg2(NO2)6 framework. In the RbAg2(NO2)6 framework, Rb1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.36 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag+1.50+ sites. In the first Ag+1.50+ site, Ag+1.50+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.52 Å. In the second Ag+1.50+ site, Ag+1.50+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.61 Å. There are six inequivalent N+2.33+ sites. In the first N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.25 Å) N–O bond length. In the second N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.25 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the fourth N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the fifth N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. In the sixth N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag+1.50+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag+1.50+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K2Ag4Pt3(NO2)12 by Materials Project

(KAg2(NO2)6)2(Pt)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of six platinum molecules and one KAg2(NO2)6 framework. In the KAg2(NO2)6 framework, K1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.26 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag2+ sites. In the first Ag2+ site, Ag2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.59 Å. In the second Ag2+ site, Ag2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.94 Å. There are six inequivalent N+1.67+ sites. In the first N+1.67+ site, N+1.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.25 Å) N–O bond length. In the second N+1.67+ site, N+1.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N+1.67+ site, N+1.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the fourth N+1.67+ site, N+1.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. In the fifth N+1.67+ site, N+1.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the sixth N+1.67+ site, N+1.67+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag2+ and one N+1.67+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag2+ and one N+1.67+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one N+1.67+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Ag2+, and one N+1.67+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.67+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K2Ag4Pd3(NO2)12 by Materials Project

(KAg2(NO2)6)2(Pd)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of six palladium molecules and one KAg2(NO2)6 framework. In the KAg2(NO2)6 framework, K1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.81–3.47 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag+1.50+ sites. In the first Ag+1.50+ site, Ag+1.50+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–3.00 Å. In the second Ag+1.50+ site, Ag+1.50+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–3.11 Å. There are six inequivalent N+2.33+ sites. In the first N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the second N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. In the third N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.25 Å) N–O bond length. In the fourth N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. In the fifth N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the sixth N+2.33+ site, N+2.33+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ag+1.50+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ag+1.50+ and one N+2.33+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+, two Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+, one Ag+1.50+, and one N+2.33+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2003

Substitution Effects and Linear Free Energy Relationships During Reduction of 4- Benzoyl-n-(4-substituted Benzyl)pyridinium Cations

In analogy to 4-(para-substituted benzoyl)-N-methylpyridinium cations (1-X's), the title species (2-X's, -X = -OCH3, -CH3, -H, -Br, -COCH3, -NO2) undergo two reversible, well-separated (E(sub 1/2) greater than or equal to 650 mV) one-electron reductions. The effect of substitution on the reduction potentials of 2-X's is much weaker than the effect of the same substituents on 1-X's: the Hammett rho-values are 0.80 and 0.93 for the 1st- and 2nd-e reduction of 2-X's vs. 2.3 and 3.3 for the same reductions of 1-X's, respectively. Importantly, the nitro group of 2-NO2 undergoes reduction before the 2nd-e reduction of the 4-benzoylpyridinium system. These results suggest that the redox potentials of the 4-benzoylpyridinium system can be course-tuned via p-benzoyl substitution and fine-tuned via para-benzyl substitution. Introducing the recently derived substituent constant of the -NO2(sup)- group (sigma para-NO2(sup)- = -0.97) yields an excellent correlation for the 3rd-e reduction of 2- NO2 (corresponding to the reduction of the carbonyl group) with the 2nd-e reduction of the other 2-X's, and confirms the electron donating properties of -NO2(sup)-.

Leventis, Nicholas↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K3Ir(NO2)6 by Materials Project

KIr(K(NO2)3)2 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four iridium molecules, four potassium molecules, and one K(NO2)3 framework. In the K(NO2)3 framework, K1+ is bonded in a distorted q4 geometry to twelve equivalent O2- atoms. All K–O bond lengths are 2.69 Å. N3+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All N–O bond lengths are 2.14 Å. O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent K1+, two equivalent N3+, and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.32 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tl3Ir(NO2)6 by Materials Project

IrTl(Tl(NO2)3)2 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four iridium molecules, four thallium molecules, and one Tl(NO2)3 framework. In the Tl(NO2)3 framework, Tl+1.67+ is bonded in a distorted q4 geometry to twelve equivalent O2- atoms. All Tl–O bond lengths are 2.77 Å. N+2.33+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All N–O bond lengths are 2.24 Å. O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Tl+1.67+, two equivalent N+2.33+, and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.31 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CeNi2N17O24 by Materials Project

(Ni)4(Ce(NO2)12)2(N2)5 crystallizes in the cubic Pn-3 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of ten ammonia molecules, four nickel molecules, and two Ce(NO2)12 clusters. In each Ce(NO2)12 cluster, Ce3+ is bonded in a cuboctahedral geometry to twelve equivalent O2- atoms. All Ce–O bond lengths are 2.68 Å. N+2.18+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.22 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ce3+ and one N+2.18+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+2.18+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ir(N3O4)3 by Materials Project

(Ir(NO2)6)2(N2)3 is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twelve ammonia molecules and four Ir(NO2)6 clusters. In each Ir(NO2)6 cluster, Ir3+ is bonded in a cuboctahedral geometry to twelve equivalent O2- atoms. All Ir–O bond lengths are 2.26 Å. N+2.33+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All N–O bond lengths are 1.95 Å. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ir3+ and two equivalent N+2.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2010

Application of OMI Observations to a Space-Based Indicator of NOx and VOC Controls on Surface Ozone Formation

We investigated variations in the relative sensitivity of surface ozone formation in summer to precursor species concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as inferred from the ratio of the tropospheric columns of formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide (the "Ratio") from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Our modeling study suggests that ozone formation decreases with reductions in VOCs at Ratios less than 1 and NOx at Ratios greater than 2; both NOx and VOC reductions may decrease ozone formation for Ratios between 1 and 2. Using this criteria. the OMI data indicate that ozone formation became: 1. more sensitive to NOx over most of the United States from 2005 to 2007 because of the substantial decrease in NOx emissions, primarily from stationary sources, and the concomitant decrease in the tropospheric column of NO2. and 2. more sensitive to NOx with increasing temperature, in part because emissions of highly reactive, biogenic isoprene increase with temperature, thus increasing the total VOC reactivity. In cities with relatively low isoprene emissions (e.g .. Chicago). the data clearly indicate that ozone formation became more sensitive to NOx from 2005 to 2007. In cities with relatively high isoprene emissions (e.g ., Atlanta), we found that the increase in the Ratio due to decreasing NOx emissions was not obvious as this signal was convolved with variations in the Ratio associated with the temperature dependence of isoprene emissions and, consequently, the formaldehyde concentration.

Duncan, Bryan N.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Updated assessment of TROPOMI NO2 and HCHO columns using airborne spectrometers during the MOOSE and TRACER-AQ field campaigns

Airborne spectrometer data offers the opportunity to evaluate satellite product performance without the impact of subpixel heterogeneity between the different satellite and ground-based measurement footprints. Previous measurements during the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study were used to evaluate TROPOMI’s v1.3 NO2 product and found very strong relationships (r2=0.96) between the airborne spectrometer and TROPOMI with a systematic low bias mostly attributed to the coarse a priori profile assumption within the standard TROPOMI retrieval. This presentation will update that analysis using the most up-to-date version 2 TROPOMI NO2 product as well as expand analysis to the HCHO product. In summer 2021, NASA GeoCAPE Airborne Simulator (GCAS) collected measurements over southeast Michigan/western Ontario for the Michigan-Ontario Ozone Source Experiment (MOOSE) and Houston, Texas during the TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality (TRACER-AQ). Flight strategies for both deployments included repeated systematic sampling over common areas of interest coinciding with TROPOMI. During these flights, GCAS NO2 tropospheric columns are available at 250 m x 560 m resolution. Preliminary evaluation of GCAS NO2 retrievals with Pandora spectrometer data in Houston, Texas (3 sites) shows a median percent difference of 1.4% with an interquartile range of -15.5-14.9% (r2=0.72). Column HCHO was also retrieved at a slightly coarser resolution in Houston, Texas (750 m x 1680 m) showing distinct spatial patterns associated with secondary production through the oxidation of VOCs downwind of industrial facilities. Comparison to Pandora HCHO showed a low bias of ~25% (r2=0.29) with further investigation needed to identify the cause for this bias. This presentation will share how the GCAS/Pandora/TROPOMI NO2 and HCHO intercompare and will also extend analysis toward thinking about how these assets will contribute to the validation of future geostationary observations.

Laura Judd↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Se2NO6 by Materials Project

NO2(SeO2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four aminohydroperoxide molecules and four SeO2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each SeO2 ribbon, there are two inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.88 Å. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.91 Å. There are four inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Se atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Se atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Se atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Se atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnH22C5N18O17 by Materials Project

ZnC3H12(N3O)3(C(NO2)3)2(NH2)3(H2O)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of six ammonia molecules, four trinitromethane molecules, four water molecules, and two ZnC3H12(N3O)3 clusters. In each ZnC3H12(N3O)3 cluster, Zn2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to three N+0.56- and three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–N bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.22 Å. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.16 Å. There are three inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N+0.56- and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and one longer (1.36 Å) C–N bond length. The C–O bond length is 1.28 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N+0.56- and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.34 Å) and one longer (1.36 Å) C–N bond length. The C–O bond length is 1.28 Å. In the third C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N+0.56- and one O2- atom. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and one longer (1.36 Å) C–N bond length. The C–O bond length is 1.27 Å. There are nine inequivalent N+0.56- sites. In the first N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one C4+, one N+0.56-, and one H1+ atom. The N–N bond length is 1.41 Å. The N–H bond length is 1.02 Å. In the second N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one C4+ and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.03 Å. In the third N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one C4+, one N+0.56-, and one H1+ atom. The N–N bond length is 1.41 Å. The N–H bond length is 1.04 Å. In the fourth N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one C4+ and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.02 Å. In the fifth N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one C4+, one N+0.56-, and one H1+ atom. The N–N bond length is 1.40 Å. The N–H bond length is 1.02 Å. In the sixth N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one C4+ and one H1+ atom. The N–H bond length is 1.02 Å. In the seventh N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Zn2+, one N+0.56-, and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the eighth N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Zn2+, one N+0.56-, and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. In the ninth N+0.56- site, N+0.56- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Zn2+, one N+0.56-, and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.03 Å. There are twelve inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.56- atom. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one C4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one C4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one C4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Gas-phase activation of holmium tetranitrato complexes likely leads to formation of hydroxylated species through the loss of nitric acid, not water splitting

It has been observed that water can react with activated gas-phase lanthanide tetranitrato complexes ([Ln(NO3)4]-) to form a hydroxylated species. These reactions, which are proposed to involve water splitting, are observed for most -- but not all -- of the lanthanides. Thus, study of this system could yield insight into how small changes in electronic structure (through variation of the lanthanide species) influences water-splitting reactions, help guide development of new materials used to convert water to hydrogen using electricity. The mechanism proposed in the literature is: (Step 1) [Ln(NO3)4]- ? [LnO(NO3)3]- + ?NO2 (Step 2) [LnO(NO3)3]- + H2O ? [LnOH(NO3)3]- + ?OH The purpose of this study is to determine if the reaction mechanism really does involve splitting of water or proceeds through an alternative pathway.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1994

Ammonia on the prebiotic Earth: Iron(II) reduction of nitrite

Theories for the origin of life require the availability of reduced nitrogen. In the non-reducing atmosphere suggested by geochemical evidence, production in the atmosphere and survival of NH3 against photochemical destruction are problematic. Electric discharges and impact shocks would produce NO rather than HCN or NH3. Conversion of NO to nitrous and nitric acid (by way of HNO) and precipitation in acid rain would provide a source of fixed nitrogen to the early ocean. One solution to the NH3 problem may have been the reduction of nitrite/nitrate in the ocean with aqueous ferrous iron, Fe(2+): 6Fe(+2) + 7 H2O + NO2(-) yields 3Fe2O3 + 11 H(+) + NH3. We have measured the kinetics of this reaction as a function of temperature, pH, and concentrations of salts, Fe(+2), and NO2(-). Cations (Na(+), Mg(2+), K(+)) and anions (Cl(-), Br(-), SO4(2-)) increase the rate by factors of 4 to 8. Although a competing pathway yields N2, the efficiency of the conversion of nitrite to ammonia ranges from 25% to 85%. Nitrate reduction was not consistently reproducible; however, when it was observed, its rate was slower by at least 8X than that of nitrite reduction. If the prebiotic atmosphere contained 0.2 to 10 atmospheres CO2 as suggested by Walker (1985), the Fe(+2) concentration and the rate would have been limited by siderite (FeCO3) solubility.

Summers, David P.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiCoC8(N2O3)4 by Materials Project

LiCo(NO2)6(C)2(C3N)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four 1-azatricyclo[1.1.0.0^{2,4}]butane molecules; four methane molecules; and two LiCo(NO2)6 ribbons oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each LiCo(NO2)6 ribbon, Li1+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. All Li–O bond lengths are 2.06 Å. Co3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent N+1.50- atoms. All Co–N bond lengths are 2.03 Å. N+1.50- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Co3+ and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.23 Å) and one longer (1.24 Å) N–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one N+1.50- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one N+1.50- atom. The O–N bond length is 1.24 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.50- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.50- atom. The O–N bond length is 1.22 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb5CeCu2(NO2)12 by Materials Project

Rb5Ce(NO2)12(Cu)2 crystallizes in the cubic Pn-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four copper molecules and one Rb5Ce(NO2)12 framework. In the Rb5Ce(NO2)12 framework, there are two inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form RbO12 cuboctahedra that share faces with two equivalent CeO12 cuboctahedra and faces with six equivalent RbO12 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.90 Å) and six longer (2.99 Å) Rb–O bond lengths. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted RbO12 cuboctahedra that share edges with two equivalent CeO12 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent RbO12 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent RbO12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.56 Å. Ce3+ is bonded to twelve equivalent O2- atoms to form CeO12 cuboctahedra that share edges with six equivalent RbO12 cuboctahedra and faces with four equivalent RbO12 cuboctahedra. All Ce–O bond lengths are 2.82 Å. N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Rb1+, one Ce3+, and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗