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At least 109 records · Page 6

Maintenance and operation of the multispectral data collection and reproduction facilities of the Willow Run Laboratories

The accomplishments in multispectral mapping during 1970 and (fiscal year) 1971 are presented. The mapping was done with the instrumented C-47 aircraft owned and operated by Willow Run Laboratories of The University of Michigan. Specific information for flight operations sponsored by NASA/MSC (Manned Spacecraft Center) in 1970 and fiscal year 1971 is presented, and a total listing of flights for 1968, 1969, 1970, and fiscal year 1971 is included in the appendices. The data-collection and reproduction facilities are described.

Hasell, P. G., Jr.↗

Sleep-wake cycle of an unrestrained isolated chimpanzee under entrained and free running conditions.

Biorhythmic patterns of EEG activity - the sleep-wake cycle and the sleep cycle - were investigated in an unrestrained chimpanzee subjected to 30 days of isolation in a 4-ft cubical cage placed in a high performance sound isolation chamber. The animal received 10 days of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark, then 10 days of continuous light, followed by 10 more days of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. The circadian sleep-wake rhythm and the wake and sleep phases of this rhythm during entrained and free running conditions were analyzed in terms of duration. The awake and nonREM sleep and REM sleep stages were also analyzed. In addition, the mean duration of the sleep cycle of the sleep phase was computed.

Mcnew, J. J.↗

Environmental aspects of run-off and siltation in the Anacostia basin from hyperaltitude photographs

The effects of urbanization and highway construction on run-off, erosion and siltation on the Anacostia watershed was analyzed. The analysis was based on changes in land use patterns demonstrated by aerial photographs, geologic and hydrologic data. Subwatersheds were studied in terms of three hypothetical storms of different magnitudes. An approximately 10 percent increase in impervious surface can cause a 12 percent increase in peak discharge for storms of the magnitude of tropical storm Agnes, a 20 percent increase for a 10 hour storm and a 150 percent increase for a thunderstorm. The early discharge from a storm of Agnes' magnitude can be increased by 100 percent. Corresponding effects were observed in soil erosion and siltation from bare construction sites. These effects are interrelated with sewage, oil, and chemical pollution and inadequate public transportation. The net result is steady degradation of the local environment, the estuary and the bay.

Ealy, C. D.↗

Improved semi-conductor laser device, operating, at room temperature, with an array of three lasers in the spatially coherent, free running mode

The peak pulse power was increased by operating an array of three homostructure Ga As lasers in the laser device. A spatial filter in the laser device selects the spatially coherent, free running, mode. The optical peak power is 5 watts, which is three times the peak power of a single laser in the array. The far-field distribution of the three laser array is a single Gaussian beam of spatial coherence without sidelobes or grating lobes. The length of the optical pulses of spatial coherence was increased to 200 ns by improved heat transfer from the p-n junctions of the lasers to the metal housing of the pulse transformer, and by doubling the core area and increasing the turns of the primary windings of the pulse transformer. The mechanical stability of the laser device was improved and the transition from mechanical alignment to electro-mechanical alignment control, was facilitated.

Rutz, E. M.↗

On the effect of timing errors in run length codes

Many redundancy removal algorithms employ some sort of run length code. Blocks of timing words are coded with synchronization words inserted between blocks. The probability of incorrectly reconstructing a sample because of a channel error in the timing data is a monotonically nondecreasing function of time since the last synchronization word. In this paper we compute the 'probability that the accumulated magnitude of timing errors equal zero' as a function of time since the last synchronization word for a zero-order predictor (ZOP). The result is valid for any data source that can be modeled by a first-order Markov chain and any digital channel that can be modeled by a channel transition matrix. An example is presented.

Wilkins, L. C.↗

A comparison between conventional and LANDSAT based hydrologic modeling: The Four Mile Run case study

Models designed to support the hydrologic studies associated with urban water resources planning require input parameters that are defined in terms of land cover. Estimating the land cover is a difficult and expensive task when drainage areas larger than a few sq. km are involved. Conventional and LANDSAT based methods for estimating the land cover based input parameters required by hydrologic planning models were compared in a case study of the 50.5 sq. km (19.5 sq. mi) Four Mile Run Watershed in Virginia. Results of the study indicate that the LANDSAT based approach is highly cost effective for planning model studies. The conventional approach to define inputs was based on 1:3600 aerial photos, required 110 man-days and a total cost of $14,000. The LANDSAT based approach required 6.9 man-days and cost $2,350. The conventional and LANDSAT based models gave similar results relative to discharges and estimated annual damages expected from no flood control, channelization, and detention storage alternatives.

Ragan, R. M.↗

Optimum acoustic design of free-running low speed propellers

A theoretical analysis is conducted concerning the effect of blade loading on the noise output of a free-running propeller in axial motion. The minimization of the mean square sound pressure at a point in space is considered, taking into account constraints on propeller thrust and torque. Attention is given to aerodynamic equations, acoustic equations, the expansion of the aerodynamic variables, and the nonlinear programming formulation.

Ormsbee, A. I.↗

Remote monitoring of the Gravelly Run thermal plume at Hopewell and the thermal plume at the Surry Nuclear Power Plant on the James River

On May 17, 1977, a remote sensing experiment was conducted on the James River, Virginia, whereby thermal spectrometer and near-infrared photography data of thermal discharges at Hopewell and the Surry nuclear power plant were obtained by an aircraft for one tidal cycle. These data were used in subsequent investigations into the near field discharge trajectories. For the Gravelly Run thermal plume at Hopewell, several empirical expressions for the plume centerline were evaluated by comparisons of the computed trajectories and those observed in the remote sensing images.

Talay, T. A.↗

Physical exercises on a bicycle-ergometer and running track to prevent hypodynamia in workers of intellectual labor

A program of exercises was developed and tested, consisting of a 12 minute session on a variable load bicycle ergometer and a 10-11 min. run with brief stretching and resting sessions between. Physical performance capacity was measured before, during, and after the period of the experiment and physical exams conducted. After a 4 month test period involving 30 men, aged 25-35, the program was found to be successful in increasing physical performance capacity. The PWC170 increased an average of 22 percent and maximum oxygen consumption 14 percent. Arterial pressure dropped (120/75 to 114/68), vital capacity of lungs increased by 6 percent, strength of respiratory muscles by 8.8 percent, duration of respiratory delay by 18 percent. Duration of cardiac cycles increased, stress index decreased. Cardiac contraction rate 2 minutes after work on the ergometer decreased from 118 to 102 bt/min.

Vasilyeva, V. V.↗

Software reliability: Repetitive run experimentation and modeling

A software experiment conducted with repetitive run sampling is reported. Independently generated input data was used to verify that interfailure times are very nearly exponentially distributed and to obtain good estimates of the failure rates of individual errors and demonstrate how widely they vary. This fact invalidates many of the popular software reliability models now in use. The log failure rate of interfailure time was nearly linear as a function of the number of errors corrected. A new model of software reliability is proposed that incorporates these observations.

Nagel, P. M.↗

B747/JT9D flight loads and their effect on engine running clearances and performance deterioration; BCAC NAIL/P and WA JT9D engine diagnostics programs

Flight loads on the 747 propulsion system and resulting JT9D blade to outer airseal running clearances during representative acceptance flight and revenue flight sequences were measured. The resulting rub induced clearance changes, and engine performance changes were then analyzed to validate and refine the JT9D-7A short term performance deterioration model.

Olsson, W. J.↗

Experimental study of main rotor tip geometry and tail rotor interactions in hover. Volume 2: Run log and tabulated data

A model scale hover test was conducted in the Sikorsky Aircraft Model Rotor hover Facility to identify and quantify the impact of the tail rotor on the demonstrated advantages of advanced geometry tip configurations. The existence of mutual interference between hovering main rotor and a tail rotor was acknowledged in the test. The test was conducted using the Basic Model Test Rig and two scaled main rotor systems, one representing a 1/5.727 scale UH-60A BLACK HAWK and the others a 1/4.71 scale S-76. Eight alternate rotor tip configurations were tested, 3 on the BLACK HAWK rotor and 6 on the S-76 rotor. Four of these tips were then selected for testing in close proximity to an operating tail rotor (operating in both tractor and pusher modes) to determine if the performance advantages that could be obtained from the use of advanced geometry tips in a main rotor only environment would still exist in the more complex flow field involving a tail rotor. This volume contains the test run log and tabulated data.

Balch, D. T.↗

Ada Run Time Support Environments and a common APSE Interface Set

The paper discusses the importance of linking Ada Run Time Support Environments to the Common Ada Programming Support Environment (APSE) Interface Set (CAIS). A non-stop network operating systems scenario is presented to serve as a forum for identifying the important issues. The network operating system exemplifies the issues involved in the NASA Space Station data management system.

Mckay, C. W.↗

Run-time implementation issues for real-time embedded Ada

A motivating factor in the development of Ada as the department of defense standard language was the high cost of embedded system software development. It was with embedded system requirements in mind that many of the features of the language were incorporated. Yet it is the designers of embedded systems that seem to comprise the majority of the Ada community dissatisfied with the language. There are a variety of reasons for this dissatisfaction, but many seem to be related in some way to the Ada run-time support system. Some of the areas in which the inconsistencies were found to have the greatest impact on performance from the standpoint of real-time systems are presented. In particular, a large part of the duties of the tasking supervisor are subject to the design decisions of the implementer. These include scheduling, rendezvous, delay processing, and task activation and termination. Some of the more general issues presented include time and space efficiencies, generic expansions, memory management, pragmas, and tracing features. As validated compilers become available for bare computer targets, it is important for a designer to be aware that, at least for many real-time issues, all validated Ada compilers are not created equal.

Maule, Ruth A.↗