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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Testing of the permanent magnet material Mn-Al-C for potential use in propulsion motors for electric vehicles

The development of Mn-Al-C permanent magnets is reviewed. The general properties of the material are discussed and put into perspective relative to alnicos and ferrites. The traction motor designer's demands of a permanent magnet for potential use in electric vehicle drives are reviewed. Tests determined magnetic design data and mechanical strength properties. Easy axis hysteresis and demagnetization curves, recoil loops and other minor loop fields were measured over a temperature range from -50 to 150 C. Hysteresis loops were also measured for three orthogonal directions (the one easy and two hard axes of magnetization). Extruded rods of three different diameters were tested. The nonuniformity of properties over the cross section of the 31 mm diameter rod was studied. Mechanical compressive and bending strength at room temperature was determined on individual samples from the 31 mm rod.

Abdelnour, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Collisional excitation of electron Landau levels in strong magnetic fields

The cross sections for the excitation and deexcitation of the quantized transverse energy levels of an electron in a magnetic field are calculated for electron-proton and electron-electron collisions in light of the importance of the cross sections for studies of X-ray pulsar emission. First-order matrix elements are calculated using the Dirac theory of the electron, thus taking into account relativistic effects, which are believed to be important in accreting neutron stars. Results for the collisional excitation of ground state electrons by protons are presented which demonstrate the importance of proton recoil and relativistic effects, and it is shown that electron-electron excitations may contribute 10 to 20% of the excitation rate from electron-proton scattering in a Maxwellian plasma. Finally, calculations of the cross section for electron-proton small-angle scattering are presented which lead to relaxation rates for the electron velocity distribution which are modified by the magnetic field, and to a possible increase in the value of the Coulomb logarithm.

Langer, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A model for X-ray pulsar spectra

The transfer of X-rays through a hot, magnetized, scattering atmosphere is studied using a Monte Carlo technique. The process considered is Compton scattering, including cyclotron resonance scattering. Unlike previous work on the subject, the effects of frequency shifts, relativistic corrections, recoil, and polarization mode changes have been included. It is found that the emergent X-ray spectra harden toward the magnetic equator, are cut off at a frequency less than the fundamental cyclotron frequency, and depend on the magnetic field strength. The relevance of the results to observed pulsar spectra is indicated.

Pravdo, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Laboratory measurements of the cometary photochemical phenomena

Laboratory experiments are described that provide fundamental information about photochemical processes in comets. The yield of cometary radicals such as CN, OH, etc. can be determined as a function of photolyzing wavelength. Quantum state distributions of the internal energy of the cometary radicals can also be measured as a function of wavelength permitting one to define the recoil velocity of the fragments. This type of information supplies the data needed for more elaborate models to interpret the data being obtained on comets.

Jackson, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Permanent magnet properties of Mn-Al-C between -50 C and +150 C

Anisotropic Mn-Al-C (Ni) magnets are potential substitutes for Alnico 5 and 8. The limited machinability of the alloy and the fact that it is cobalt-free made it particularly interesting. The low Curie point and the costly warm extrusion process needed for grain orientation are drawbacks. The objective of this study was a detailed magnetic characterization of the material for possible use in electric machinery. The principal subjects of the study were the largest extruded bars presently available, of 31 mm diameter. Easy and hard axis magnetization curves and second-quadrant recoil loop fields were measured at various temperatures ranging from -50 C to +150 C. Property variations over the cross section of a bar were also studied.

Abdelnour, Z. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Attaching Chuck Keys to Machine Tools

Chuck keys attached to portable machine tools by retracting lanyards. Lanyard held taut by recoil caddy attached to tool base. Chuck key available for use when needed and safely secured during operation of tool.

Richardson, V.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Testing of the permanent magnet material Mn-Al-C for potential use in propulsion motors for electric vehicles

The development of Mn-Al-C permanent magnets is reviewed. The general properties of the material are discussed and put into perspective relative to alnicos and ferrites. The commercial material now available is described by the manufacturer's data. The traction motor designer's demands of a permanent magnet for potential use in electric vehicle drives are reviewed. From this, a list of the needed specific information is extracted. A plan for experimental work is made which would generate this information, or verify data supplied by the producer. The results of these measurements are presented in the form of tables and graphs. The tests determined magnetic design data and some mechanical strength properties. Easy axis hysteresis and demagnetization curves, recoil loops and other minor loop fields were measured over a temperature range from -50 C to +150 C. Hysteresis loops were also measured for three orthogonal directions (the easy and 2 hard axes of magnetization).

Abdelnour, Z. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A theoretical model for calculation of molecular stopping power

A modified local plasma model is established. The Gordon-Kim's molecular charged density model is employed to obtain a formula to evaluate the stopping power of many useful molecular systems. The stopping power of H2 and He gas was calculated for incident proton energy ranging from 100 keV to 2.5 MeV. The stopping power of O2, N2, and water vapor was also calculated for incident proton energy ranging from 40 keV. to 2.5 MeV. Good agreement with experimental data was obtained. A discussion of molecular effects leading to department from Bragg's rule is presented. The equipartition rule and the effect of nuclear momentum recoiling in stopping power are also discussed.

Xu, Y. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Samarium-146 in the early solar system - Evidence from neodymiun in the Allende meteorite

A carbon-chromite fraction from the Allende C3V chondrite shows strikingly large isotopic enrichments of neodymium-142 (0.47 percent) and neodymium-143 (36 percent). Both apparently formed by alpha decay of samarium-146 and samarium-147 (half-lives 1.03 x 10 to the 8th and 1.06 x 10 to the 11th years), but the isotopic enrichment was greatly magnified by recoil of residual nuclei into a carbon film surounding the samarium-bearing grains. These data provide an improved estimate of the original abundance of extinct samarium-146 in the early solar system, Sm-146/Sm-144 = (4.5 + or - 0.5) x 10 to the -3rd, higher than predicted by some models of p-process nucleosynthesis. It may be possible to use this isotopic pair as a chronometer of the early solar system.

Lugmair, G. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Bipolar Flows and X-ray Emission from Young Stellar Object

Production of both the large scale CO bipolar flows and the small scale optical bipolar jets from the star-forming regions is given interpretation in terms of a magnetic mechanism related to accretion model. It is shown by an axisymmetric 2.5-dimensional simulation that the large scale cold bipolar flow may be produced in the relaxation of the magnetic twist which is created by the rotational winding-up of the magnetic field in the contracting disk. In contrast, the small scale warm bipolar jets may be driven by the recoiling shocks which are produced in the crash at the stellar surface of the infalling material released from the inner edge of the disk through magnetic reconnections.

Uchida, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The investigation of tethered satellite system dynamics

A progress report is presented that deals with three major topics related to Tethered Satellite System Dynamics. The SAO rotational dynamics computer code was updated. The program is now suitable to deal with inclined orbits. The output has been also modified in order to show the satellite Euler angles referred to the rotating orbital frame. The three-dimensional high resolution computer program SLACK3 was developed. The code simulates the three-dimensional dynamics of a tether going slack taking into account the effect produced by boom rotations. Preliminary simulations on the three-dimensional dynamics of a recoiling slack tether are shown in this report. A program to evaluate the electric potential around a severed tether is immersed in a plasma. The potential is computed on a three-dimensional grid axially symmetric with respect to the tether longitudinal axis. The electric potential variations due to the plasma are presently under investigation.

Lorenzini, E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

HEAO 3 upper limits to the expected 1634 KeV line from SS 483

A model based on 24 Mg(1369) was developed as the source of the lines in which refractory grains in the jets, containing Mg and 0, are bombarded, by ambient protons in the local ISM. The narrowness of the features results because the recoil Mg nucleus is stopped in the grain before the 1369 keV excited state decays. A consequence of the 24 Mg interpretation is the expected appearance of other emission lines, due to 20 Ne and 20 Na, which are produced by proton bombardment of 24 Mg at the 33 MeV/nucleon energy corresponding to the velocity of the jets. These lines appear at rest energies of 1634 keV and 1636 keV, respectively, and should have essentially the same total flux as that emited at 1369 keV. The HEAO 3 data are examined to search for the 1634 keV (rest) emission. The observation and analysis, the results, and the implications for the understanding of SS 433 are discussed.

Wheaton, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Observable in the reversible reaction gamma + d yields n + p

Calculations are presented on the effect of the two-body charge and current density effects on the observables in the photodisintegration of a deuteron. The computations are performed in a cartesian coordinate system, initially for gamma rays plane-polarized in the x-direction. Unpolarized photons are treated with an incoherent superposition of transition amplitudes for gamma rays polarized in the x- and y- directions. Account is taken of recoil and interaction energies after an initial state is defined. Consideration is focused on the cross section, polarization, and asymmetry of the reaction at low and medium energy incident gamma rays.

Rustgi, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Solar-neutrino oscillations

The theory of oscillations of solar neutrinos is developed as it applies to the electron-recoil spectrum in neutrino-electron scattering. The spectral information obtained by such measurements (as opposed to counting total event rates) is crucial for allowing observation of neutrino oscillations for masses down to 500 neV. In this regard, the effects of different masses and mixing angles, as well as such subtleties as thermal and pressure broadening, finite solar-core size, and variable indices of refraction are investigated.

Krauss, L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Cross section calculations for subthreshold pion production in peripheral heavy-ion collisions

Total cross sections angular distributions, and spectral distributions for the exclusive production of charged and neutral subthreshold pions produced in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions are calculated by using a particle-hole formalism. The pions result from the formation and decay of an isobar giant resonance state formed in a C-12 nucleus. From considerations of angular momentum conservation and for the sake of providing a unique experimental signature, the other nucleus, chosen for this work to be C-12 also, is assumed to be excited to one of its isovector (1+) giant resonance states. The effects of nucleon recoil by the pion emission are included, and Pauli blocking and pion absorption effects are studied by varying the isobar width. Detailed comparisons with experimental subthreshold pion data for incident energies between 35 and 86 MeV/nucleon are made.

Norbury, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Optical and interfacial electronic properties of diamond-like carbon films

Hard, semitransparent carbon films were prepared on oriented polished crystal wafers of silicon, indium phosphide and gallium arsenide, as well as on KBr and quartz. Properties of the films were determined using IR and visible absorption spectrocopy, ellipsometry, conductance-capacitance spectroscopy and alpha particle-proton recoil spectroscopy. Preparation techniques include RF plasma decomposition of methane (and other hydrocarbons), ion beam sputtering, and dual-ion-beam sputter deposition. Optical energy band gaps as large as 2.7 eV and extinction coefficients lower than 0.1 at long wavelengths are found. Electronic state densities at the interface with silicon as low as 10 to the 10th states/eV sq cm per were found.

Woollam, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Uranium series dating of Allan Hills ice

Uranium-238 decay series nuclides dissolved in Antarctic ice samples were measured in areas of both high and low concentrations of volcanic glass shards. Ice from the Allan Hills site (high shard content) had high Ra-226, Th-230 and U-234 activities but similarly low U-238 activities in comparison with Antarctic ice samples without shards. The Ra-226, Th-230 and U-234 excesses were found to be proportional to the shard content, while the U-238 decay series results were consistent with the assumption that alpha decay products recoiled into the ice from the shards. Through this method of uranium series dating, it was learned that the Allen Hills Cul de Sac ice is approximately 325,000 years old.

Fireman, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Lageos orbit decay due to infrared radiation from Earth

Infrared radiation from the Earth may be the principal reason for the decay of Lageos' orbit. The radiation heats up the laser retroreflectors embedded in Lageos' aluminum surface. This creates a north-south temperature gradient on the satellite. The gradient in turn causes a force to be exerted on Lageos because of recoil from photons leaving its surface. The delayed heating of the retroreflectors due to their thermal inertia gives the force a net along-track component which always acts like drag. A simple thermal model for the retroreflectors indicates that this thermal drag accounts for about half the observed average along-track acceleration of -3.3 x 10 to the -10 power m/sec squared. The contribution from the aluminum surface to this effect is negligible. The infrared effect cannot explain the large observed fluctuations in drag which occur mainly when the orbit intersects the Earth's shadow.

Rubincam, David Parry↗