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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

Radiation of whistlers by helical electron and proton beams

The feasibility of generating whistlers by means of an array of helical electron and proton beams is investigated. It is found that quasi-static beam-plasma instabilities will play a vital role in limiting the effective coherent length of the beam. The total radiated power for the whistlers is consequently decreased by 2 orders of magnitude below previously predicted levels (Dowden, 1973). A proton beam is shown to be somewhat less efficient than an electron beam for generating whistlers.

Kuo, Y.-Y.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Rock failure analysis by combined thermal weakening and water jet impact

The influence of preheating on the initiation of fracture in rocks subjected to the impingement of a continuous water jet is studied. Preheating the rock is assumed to degrade its mechanical properties and strength in accordance with existing experimental data. The water jet is assumed to place a quasi-static loading on the surface of the rock. The loading is approximated by elementary functions which permit analytic computation of the induced stresses in a rock half-space. The resulting stresses are subsequently coupled with the Griffith criteria for tensile failure to estimate the change, due to heating, in the critical stagnation pressure and velocity of the water jet required to cause failure in the rock.

Nayfeh, A. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Analytical comparison of effects of solid-friction and viscous structural damping on panel flutter

A Galerkin modal analysis is presented that accounts for the effects of both solid friction and viscous structural damping on panel flutter, based on unsteady aerodynamic forces from supersonic potential flow. The eigensolutions are made by complex eigenvalue computer routines. Markedly different effects on the flutter boundary of the two types of structural damping are obtained. This result establishes that there is not, in general, an "equivalent viscous" damping for solid-friction damping. For the limiting case of the static-aerodynamic approximation, a substantially different flutter dynamic pressure is obtained for solid friction identically zero compared with solid friction approaching zero as a limit. Use of the quasi-static aerodynamic approximation eliminates that difference.

Cunningham, H. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Miniature biaxial strain transducer

A reusable miniature strain transducer for use in the measurement of static or quasi-static, high level, biaxial strain on the surface of test specimens or structures was studied. Two cantilever arms, constructed by machining the material to appropriate flexibility, are self-aligning and constitute the transducing elements of the device. Used in conjunction with strain gages, the device enables testing beyond normal gage limits for high strains and number of load cycles. The device does not require conversion computations since the electrical output of the strain gages is directly proportional to the strain measured.

Hoffman, I. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Sensitivity of inelastic response to numerical integration of strain energy

The exact solution to the quasi-static, inelastic response of a cantilever beam of rectangular cross section subjected to a bending moment at the tip is obtained. The material of the beam is assumed to be linearly elastic-linearly strain-hardening. This solution is then compared with three different numerical solutions of the same problem obtained by minimizing the total potential energy using Gaussian quadratures of two different orders and a Newton-Cotes scheme for integrating the strain energy of deformation. Significant differences between the exact dissipative strain energy and its numerical counterpart are emphasized. The consequence of this on the nonlinear transient responses of a beam with solid cross section and that of a thin-walled beam on elastic supports under impulsive loads are examined.

Kamat, M. P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Crack propagation and arrest in pressurized containers

The problem of crack propagation and arrest in a finite volume cylindrical container filled with pressurized gas is considered. It is assumed that the cylinder contains a symmetrically located longitudinal part-through crack with a relatively small net ligament. The net ligament suddenly ruptures initiating the process of fracture propagation and depressurization in the cylinder. The problem is formulated by making two major assumptions, namely, that the shell problem is quasi-static and the gas dynamics problem is one-dimensional. The problem is reduced to a proper initial value problem by introducing a dynamic fracture criterion which relates the crack acceleration to the difference between a load factor and the corresponding strength parameter. The main results are demonstrated by considering two examples, an aluminum cylinder which may behave in a quasi-brittle manner, and a steel cylinder which undergoes ductile fracture. The results indicate that generally in gas-filled cylinders fracture arrest is not possible unless the material behaves in a ductile manner and the container is relatively long.

Erdogan, F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

NASTRAN use for cyclic response and fatigue analysis of wind turbing towers

A procedure is described which uses NASTRAN coupled with fatigue criteria via a postprocessor to determine the cyclic response and to assess the fatigue resistance (fatigue life) of wind turbine generator towers. The cyclic loads to which the tower may be subjected are entered either in a quasi-static approach though static load subcases (Rigid Format 1) or through the direct dynamic response (Rigid Format 9) features of NASTRAN. The fatigue criteria are applied to NASTRAN output data from either rigid format through an externally written user program embedded in a postprocessor.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Acoustic emission during unloading of elastically stressed magnesium alloy

A magnesium alloy was quasi-statically cycled elastically between zero load and tension. Both loading and unloading stress delays were found, and the unloading stress delay was further studied. An analytical expression was written for the unloading stress delay which is an elastic constitutive parameter. The potential use of these results for the acoustic emission monitoring of elastic stress states is discussed.

Lee, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Scale-covariant theory of gravitation and astrophysical applications

A scale-covariant theory of gravitation is presented which is characterized by a set of equations that are complete only after a choice of the scale function is made. Special attention is given to gauge conditions and units which allow gravitational phenomena to be described in atomic units. The generalized gravitational-field equations are derived by performing a direct scale transformation, by extending Riemannian geometry to Weyl geometry through the introduction of the notion of cotensors, and from a variation principle. Modified conservation laws are provided, a set of dynamical equations is obtained, and astrophysical consequences are considered. The theory is applied to examine certain homogeneous cosmological solutions, perihelion shifts, light deflections, secular variations of planetary orbital elements, stellar structure equations for a star in quasi-static equilibrium, and the past thermal history of earth. The possible relation of the scale-covariant theory to gauge field theories and their predictions of cosmological constants is discussed.

Canuto, V.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Redistribution of scattered radiation by collisions in the nonimpact region of the spectral line profile

The scattering of radiation in the presence of collisions can be described quantum-mechanically in terms of essentially two processes. The first may be thought of as an absorption to the excited state followed subsequently (after propagating in the excited state) by emission. This gives rise to radiation redistributed about the transition frequency. The effects of m-degeneracy are particularly interesting for this first process. As an example a case is considered in which the incident frequency is in the quasi-static line wing, while the scattered frequency is close to the line center. It is found that under these circumstances the dominant contribution from this process in the scattered spectrum is obtained for an absorption of the incident frequency taking place during a strong (close) collision and reemission of the scattered frequency when the atom is essentially unperturbed

Cooper, J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Automated time-resolved data acquisition during static and dynamic loading of composite materials

This paper reports the development of two new nondestructive techniques for precise determination of the nature and extent of complex damage and the consequent redistribution of stress in composite materials during quasi-static and cyclic or dynamic loading. The two methods incorporate video-thermography and four-component tensor elastic modulus determination. The experimental and analytical aspects of these two methods are discussed and data is presented.

Reifsnieder, K. L.↗
NASA NTRS1978

An investigation into the role of plastic failure in crater modification

The mechanical stability of an impact crater is analyzed in this paper via a quasi-static, axisymmetric slip line theory of plasticity. The yield model incorporated is Mohr-Coulomb and a simplified rectangular profile is used for the transient cavity. The degree of stability (or instability) is described as a function of internal friction angle, depth/diameter ratio, and a dimensionless parameter. To match the observed slumping of large lunar craters the cohesion strength of the lunar surface material must be low (less than 20 bars) and the angle of internal friction must be less than 2 deg. It is not implausible that these failure strength characteristics are realized by freshly shocked rock.

Mckinnon, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

NASCAP modelling of high-voltage power system interactions with space charged-particle environments

The NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP), an engineering tool capable of analyzing the impact of the charged particle environment on spacecraft surfaces and systems, is described. NASCAP is a quasi-static computational program which analyzes the charging of a 3-dimensional complex body as a function of time and system-generated voltages for given space environmental conditions. The material properties of the surfaces are taken into account; the surface potentials, low energy sheath, potential distribution in space and particle trajectories are calculated. An application of NASCAP to a simple space solar power station consisting of two 6 m by 18 m solar array wings surrounding a central body is presented. Each solar array wing is considered to be divided into three regions operating at 2000 volts. Results of NASCAP analysis of the system for a normal environment and a moderate geomagnetic substorm environment are discussed.

Stevens, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The stability of solar coronal loops

The stability of the 'quasi-static' models of coronal loops was examined. It was found that all models in which the heat flux at the base of the loop is assumed to vanish are unstable to the growth of thermal perturbations. The growth rates and the profiles of the unstable modes indicate that the instability involves primarily the low-temperature, transition-region plasma. The models can be made stable only by assuming that the heat flux at the base of the loop is large, of the order of 13% of the maximum flux in the loop. The results imply that the transition region must be intrinsically dynamic.

Antiochos, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Operational experience with VAWT blades

The structural performance of 17 meter diameter wind turbine rotors is discussed. Test results for typical steady and vibratory stress measurements are summarized along with predicted values of stress based on a quasi-static finite element model.

Sullivan, W. N.↗
NASA NTRS1959

An Analysis of Flight-Test Measurements of the Wing Structural Deformations in Rough Air of a Large Flexible Swept-Wing Airplane

An analysis is made of wing deflection and streamwise twist measurements in rough-air flight of a large flexible swept-wing bomber. Random-process techniques are employed in analyzing the data in order to describe the magnitude and characteristics of the wing deflection and twist responses to rough air. Power spectra and frequency-response functions for the wing deflection and twist responses at several spanwise stations are presented. The frequency-response functions describe direct and absolute response characteristics to turbulence and provide a convenient basis for assessing analytic calculation techniques. The wing deformations in rough air are compared with the expected deformations for quasi-static loadings of the same magnitude, and the amplifications are determined. The results obtained indicate that generally the deflections are amplified by a small amount, while the streamwise twists are amplified by factors of the order of 2.0. The magnitudes of both the deflection velocities and the twist angles are shown to have significant effects on the local angles of attack at the various stations and provide the main source of aerodynamic loading, particularly at frequencies in the vicinity of the first wing-vibration mode.

Murrow, Harold N.↗