Enhancement of photomultiplier sensitivity by total internal reflection
Photomultiplier tube sensitivity enhancement with very thin semitransparent photocathode and total internal reflection
SENSITIVITY↗
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Results for “Photocathode”
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Enhancement of photomultiplier sensitivity by total internal reflection.
End window photomultiplier tube semitransparent photocathode electron collection efficiency
PHOTOMULTIPLIER↗
Electronic shutter gates image orthicon on and off
TV camera system contains an electronic shutter that gates the image orthicon photocathode on during expose time and off at all other times. The system records image of diffuse light-scattering regions in the solar system.
Sensening, W. A.↗
Laser system generates single-frequency light
Program eliminates major sources of noise in the laser output, with minimum sacrifice of total laser output power. Results include the design and development of a CW laser system which features high power single-frequency output in the S-20 photocathode response region.
Targ, R.↗
A simple electrometer for measuring small photoelectric currents
Quartz-fiber direct-indicating pocket dosimeter is a small-current integrating electrometer. By attaching the photocathode to the quartz fiber terminal and the photoelectron collector to the barrel of the dosimeter and by charging the device to 150 V, a small-current measuring device can be achieved.
Source record↗
Enhanced photoemission by attenuated total reflection.
Photomultiplier tubes performance enhancement by light incidence on photocathode at oblique angles explained by reflection
Pepper, S. V.↗
Image converters and image intensifiers
Optical properties of image converters, image intensifiers, and photocathodes
Rome, M.↗
A far ultraviolet photometer for space research
Far UV photometer for space research, isolating specific bands by combining spectral response of individual solar blind photocathodes with thin metallic films transmission qualities
Bowyer, C. S.↗
Optical enhancement of photomultiplier sensitivity
Transmission and reflection light losses are reduced by introducing light into end-window of device at an angle large enough to normal so total internal reflection occurs at both photocathode-vacuum and window-air interfaces.
Grant, G. R.↗
Optical enhancement of sensitivity in laser Doppler velocity systems
Utilization of optical enhancement techniques prevents loss of light by reflections at the photocathode of a photomultiplier and increases signal detection sensitivity.
Grant, G. R.↗
Recent developments and applications of the SEC vidicon for astronomy
The engineering development of the SEC vidicon as an astronomical sensor has continued in parallel with its operational use. One scientific application was the six hour exposure of the quasar PHL-957 at the Coude spectrograph of the 200-inch Hale telescope. The developmental effort includes both the enhancement of the basic attributes that make the SEC an appropriate sensor, namely, high quantum efficiency, low threshold, and long integration; as well as work to broaden its scientific usefulness, such as the development of a MgF2 photocathode window for vacuum ultraviolet sensitivity, and a permanent magnet focus design for thermal compatibility with proposed large space telescopes. Additional details on the characteristics of the SEC tube are discussed, as well as plans to make a larger and higher resolution version.
Zucchino, P.↗
Development of television tubes for the large space telescope
Princeton Observatory has been working for several years under NASA sponsorship to develop television type sensors to use in place of photographic film for space astronomy. The performance of an SEC-vidicon with a 25 mm x 25 mm active area, MgF2 window, and bi-alkali photocathode is discussed. Results from ground based use on the Coude spectrograph of the 200-inch Hale telescope are included. The intended use of this tube in an echelle spectrograph sounding rocket payload and on Stratoscope 2 for direct high resolution imagery is also discussed. The paper also discusses the large space telescope image sensor requirements and the development of a larger television tube for this mission.
Lowrance, J. L.↗
Development of television tubes for the large space telescope.
Princeton Observatory has been working for several years under NASA sponsorship to develop television type sensors to use in place of photographic film for space astronomy. This paper discusses the performance of an SEC-vidicon with a 25 mm x 25 mm active area, MgF2 window, and bi-alkali photocathode. Results from ground based use on the Coude spectrograph of the 200-inch Hale telescope are included. The intended use of this tube in an echelle spectrograph sounding rocket payload and on Stratoscope II for direct high resolution imagery is also discussed. The paper also discusses the Large Space Telescope image sensor requirements and the development of a larger television tube for this mission.
Lowrance, J. L.↗
Performance characteristics of proximity focused ultraviolet image converters
Performance characteristics of Bendix type BX 8025-4522 proximity focused image tubes for ultraviolet to visible light conversion are presented. Quantum efficiency, resolution, background, geometric distortion, and environmental test results are discussed. The converters use magnesium fluoride input windows with Cs - Te photocathodes, and P-11 phosphors on fiber optic output windows.
Williams, J. T.↗
A novel laser ranging system for measurement of ground-to-satellite distances
A technique was developed for improving the precision of laser ranging measurements of ground-to-satellite distances. The method employs a mode-locked laser transmitter and utilizes an image converter tube equipped with deflection plates in measuring the time of flight of the laser pulse to a distant retroreflector and back. Samples of the outgoing and returning light pulses are focussed on the photocathode of the image converter tube, whose deflection plates are driven by a high-voltage 120 MHz sine wave derived from a very stable oscillator. From the relative positions of the images produced at the output phosphor by the two light pulses, it is possible to make a precise determination of the fractional amount by which the time of flight exceeds some large integral multiple of the period of the deflection sinusoid.
Golden, K. E.↗
Developments in electronic imaging techniques; Proceedings of the Seminar-in-Depth, San Mateo, Calif., October 16, 17, 1972.
Capabilities and limitations of infrared imaging systems are discussed, and a real-time simulator for image data systems is described. Ultrahigh resolution electronic imaging and storage with the return beam vidicon is treated, and a description is given of an electron-lens for opaque photocathodes. Ground surveillance with an active low light level TV, digital processing of Mariner 9 TV data, image enhancement by holography, and application of data compression techniques to spacecraft imaging systems are given attention. Individual items are announced in this issue.
Zirkind, R.↗
Ultraviolet proximity focussed converters for use in a satellite SEC-TV system.
Performance characteristics of Bendix type BX08025-4522 proximity-focussed vacuum-ultraviolet to visible-light image converters are presented. The converters are to be used with SEC vidicons as detectors for an echelle spectrograph on the International Ultraviolet Explorer astronomical satellite. Magnesium fluoride input windows with Cs-Te photocathodes are used in the converters, with P-11 phosphors on the fiber optic output windows. Quantum efficiencies, modulation transfer function, background, geometric distortion, and environmental test results are presented for the wavelength region from 1150 to 3500 A.-
Feibelman, W. A.↗
Advanced electro-optical imaging techniques
The papers presented at the symposium are given which deal with the present state of sensors, as may be applicable to the Large Space Telescope (LST) program. Several aspects of sensors are covered including a discussion of the properties of photocathodes and the operational imaging camera tubes.
Sobieski, S.↗