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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Next Generation Renewables and, Separately, Energy System Transformation, and Related Topics (CRADA CRD-14-557 Final Report)

The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA, an institute within NREL) will support the design, development, delivery and dissemination of two (2) informational whitepapers, identified as Task 1 and Task 2, respectively: Next Generation Renewables and Energy Systems Integration. Note: multiple abstracts with each of 10 modifications.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Binder-Free Graphite Anodes for Next-Generation High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

High-energy density anodes are crucial for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) particularly for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Sluggish lithium-diffusion kinetics coupled with conventional anode fabrication processes containing polymeric binders hinder fast-charging capabilities and high-energy density of graphite. Herein, we introduce a binder-free graphite anode fabrication strategy using the electrospinning technique that contains ~2.41% carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Our strategy relies on the formation of an interconnecting conductive CNT network coupled with an ultrathin N-doped carbon coating on graphite particles from sacrificial binders. This combination enhances both structural integrity and electrical conductivity and, in turn, improves fast-charging capabilities and high energy density of LIBs. The binder-free graphite anode achieves ~335.0 mAh g–1 capacity at C/3 rate over 400 cycles with capacity retention of >95% and average Coulombic efficiencies >99.95%. These promising results suggest that the binder-free anode fabrication with a multifunctional design approach could elevate the energy-density limits of the graphite anodes, solving high-energy density requirements of EVs, and potentially provides a path forward for the development of economically feasible energy storage systems for various applications.

Ozcan, Muca [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000320020474)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Effects of ionising radiation exposure in offspring and next generations: dosimetric aspects and uncertainties

The impact of the exposure to ionizing radiation in the offspring and next generation has been investigated in the last decades and currently is the subject of study of the ICRP Task Group 121. Studying the effects of radiation exposure in pre-conceptional and post-conceptional phases can be a challenge since potential effects to the fetus vary depending on the stage of fetal development. Epidemiology and radiobiology studies are the two sources of information one can use to correlate the radiation dose to the human body and tissues and the resulting effects. For a proper evaluation of the outcomes of such studies, and a correct appraisal of the exposure/dose-effect relationship, (i) reliable dosimetry, (ii) accurate reporting, and (iii) reproducibility of results are required. Although variables related to dose, including for instance source of radiation, geometry of irradiation, dose rate etc., are usually known, especially in radiobiology studies, often important details of the irradiation are not reported. In conclusion, based on standards developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a review of the scientific studies used by the UNSCEAR to estimate the risk of hereditary effects, and by the ICRP in its current recommendations, was conducted to evaluate the way dosimetry was reported. Dosimetry and the related uncertainties were not adequately described in the vast majority of those studies. This does not necessarily mean that they do not provide relevant information, however it prevents from a thorough verification and reproduction of their findings. In order to guarantee the reliability and robustness of the process of revision of the estimates of risk and detriment it is therefore considered mandatory to include a careful check of the new relevant literature with regard to the criteria on the completeness and reproducibility of the dosimetric information.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2022

9.3 Microns: Toward a Next-Generation CO2 Laser for Particle Accelerators

We present realistic theoretical predictions of the performance of the next-generation long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser for advanced particle acceleration research at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Two upgrades are planned for the present ATF CO2 laser, which currently produces up to 5 TW peak power in 2 ps pulses at 9.2 μm. For the first upgrade, the deployment of a ten-millijoule solid-state seed laser at 9.3 μm will reduce the pulse duration 4 times, to 500 fs, and increase the peak power to 15 TW. The second upgrade will be the implementation of the postcompression of this pulse. This will reduce the pulse duration to three optical cycles (100 fs) and increase the usable peak power to 25 TW.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluating the mutagenicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine in 2D and 3D HepaRG cell cultures using error-corrected next generation sequencing

Human liver-derived metabolically competent HepaRG cells have been successfully employed in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spheroid formats for performing the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay. In the present study, we have investigated expanding the genotoxicity endpoints evaluated in HepaRG cells by detecting mutagenesis using two error-corrected next generation sequencing (ecNGS) technologies, Duplex Sequencing (DS) and High-Fidelity (HiFi) Sequencing. Both HepaRG 2D cells and 3D spheroids were exposed for 72 h to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), followed by an additional incubation for the fixation of induced mutations. NDMA-induced DNA damage, chromosomal damage, and mutagenesis were determined using the comet assay, MN assay, and ecNGS, respectively. The 72-h treatment with NDMA resulted in concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity, DNA damage, MN formation, and mutation frequency in both 2D and 3D cultures, with greater responses observed in the 3D spheroids compared to 2D cells. The mutational spectrum analysis showed that NDMA induced predominantly A:T → G:C transitions, along with a lower frequency of G:C → A:T transitions, and exhibited a different trinucleotide signature relative to the negative control. These results demonstrate that the HepaRG 2D cells and 3D spheroid models can be used for mutagenesis assessment using both DS and HiFi Sequencing, with the caveat that severe cytotoxic concentrations should be avoided when conducting DS. With further validation, the HepaRG 2D/3D system may become a powerful human-based metabolically competent platform for genotoxicity testing.

3D spheroids↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum gravity background in next-generation gravitational wave detectors

Here, we study the effects of geontropic vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity on next-generation terrestrial gravitational wave detectors. If the Verlinde-Zurek (VZ) effect proposed, appears in the upcoming GQuEST experiment, we show that it will be a large background for astrophysical gravitational wave searches in observatories like Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

BYU Capstone Next Generation Vacuum Compton Detector

This BYU Capstone Team Gamma final poster summarizes the work of the team towards a next generation vacuum Compton detector (VCD) for the Nevada National Security Site. The NNSS sponsored this team. Amber Guckes was the mentor.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

A novel candidate hepatitis C virus genotype 4 subtype identified by next generation sequencing full-genome characterization in a patient from Saudi Arabia

Background and aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global public health concern, being a leading cause of chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The virus is classified into 8 genotypes and 93 subtypes, each displaying distinct geographic distributions. Genotype 4 is the most predominant in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean and is associated with high rates of hepatitis C infection worldwide. This study used next-generation sequencing to fully characterize the HCV genome and identify a novel subtype within genotype 4 isolated from a 64-year-old Saudi man diagnosed with hepatitis C. Methods: We analyzed the complete genome of the 141-HCV isolate using whole-genome sequencing. Results: Our phylogenetic reconstructions, based on the entire genome of HCV-4 strains, revealed that the 141-HCV isolate formed a distinct group within the genotype 4 classification, providing valuable new insights into the variability of HCV. Conclusion: This discovery of a previously unclassified HCV subtype within genotype 4 sheds light on the ongoing evolution and diversity of the virus. Such knowledge has significant implications for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, as different subtypes may exhibit varying drug sensitivities and resistance profiles.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

$\mathrm{D}$ark$\mathrm{F}$lux: A new tool to analyze indirect-detection spectra of next-generation dark matter models

Here we present DarkFlux, a software tool designed to analyze indirect-detection signatures for next-generation models of dark matter (DM) with multiple annihilation channels. Version 1.0 of this tool accepts user-generated models with 2→2 tree-level dark matter annihilation to pairs of Standard Model (SM) particles and analyzes DM annihilation to γ rays. The tool consists of three modules, which can be run in a loop in order to scan over DM mass if desired: The annihilation fraction module calls an internal installation of MadDM, a dark matter phenomenology plugin for the Monte Carlo event generator MadGraph5 _ aMC@NLO, to compute the thermally averaged cross section $\langle σv\rangle_i$ for each annihilation channel $χχ$ ($\bar{χ}$,$χ^†$)→ i $\∈{SM, SM}. . The module then computes the fractional annihilation rate (annihilation fraction) into each channel. The flux module combines the flux spectrum from each annihilation channel, weighted by the appropriate annihilation fractions, to compute the total flux at Earth due to DM annihilation. In DarkFlux v1.0, this module specifically computes the γ-ray flux for each channel using the publicly available PPPC4DMID tables. The analysis module compares the total flux to observational data and computes the upper limit at 95% confidence level (CL) on the total thermally averaged DM annihilation cross section. In DarkFlux v1.0, this module compares the total γ-ray flux to a joint-likelihood analysis of fifteen dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) analyzed by the Fermi-LAT collaboration. DarkFlux v1.0 automatically provides data tables and can plot the output of these three modules. In this manual, we briefly motivate this indirect-detection computer tool and review the essential DM physics. We then describe the several modules of DarkFlux in greater detail. Finally, we show how to install and run DarkFlux and provide two worked examples demonstrating its capabilities.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

The next-generation magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRSnext) on OMEGA and NIF for diagnosing ion temperature, yield, areal density, and alpha heating

The next-generation magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRSnext) is being designed to replace the current MRS at the National Ignition Facility and OMEGA for measurements of the neutron spectrum from an inertial confinement fusion implosion. The MRSnext will provide a far-superior performance and faster data turnaround than the current MRS systems, i.e., a 2× and 6× improvement in energy resolution at the NIF and OMEGA, respectively, and 20× improvement in data turnaround time. The substantially improved performance of the MRSnext is enabled by using electromagnets that provide a short focal plane (12–16 cm) and unprecedented flexibility for a wide range of applications. In addition to being able to measure neutron yield, apparent ion temperature, areal density, and plasma-flow velocity over a wide range of yields, the NIF MRSnext will be able to directly, uniquely assess the alpha heating of the fuel ions through measurements of the alpha knock-on tail in the neutron spectrum. The goal is to implement a radiation-hard electronic detection system capable of providing rapid data acquisition and analysis. The development of the MRSnext will also set the foundation for the more advanced, time-resolving MRSt and serve as a testbed for its implementation on the NIF.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

ROOT RNTuple and EOS: The Next Generation of Event Data I/O

For several years, the ROOT team is developing the new RNTuple I/O subsystem in preparation of the next generation of collider experiments. Both HL-LHC and DUNE are expected to start data taking by the end of this decade. They pose unprecedented challenges to event data I/O in terms of data rates, event sizes, and event complexity. At the same time, the I/O landscape is becoming more diverse. HPC cluster file systems and object stores, NVMe disk cache layers in analysis facilities, and S3 storage on cloud resources are mixing with traditional XRootD-managed spinning disk pools.The ROOT team will finalize a first production version of the RNTuple binary format by the end of 2024. After this point, ROOT will provide backward compatibility for RNTuple data. This contribution provides an overview of the RNTuple feature set, the related R&D activities and the long-term vision for RNTuple. We report on performance, interface design, tooling, robustness, integration with experiment frameworks, and validation results, as well as recent R&D on parallel reading and writing and exploitation of modern hardware and storage systems. We will give an outlook on possible future features after a first production release.Collaboratively, the IT and EP departments at CERN have launched a formal project within the Research and Computing sector to evaluate the novel data format for physics analysis data utilized in LHC experiments and other fields. This part of the project focuses on validating the scalability of the EOS storage backend during the transition from the over 25 years old TTree production format to the newly developed RNTuple format, using both replicated and erasure-coded storage profiles.

Blomer, Jakob [CERN]↗
DOE OSTI2025

The XLZD Design Book: towards the next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for XLZD, the next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. In the baseline design, the detector will have an active liquid xenon target of 60 tonnes, which could be increased to 80 tonnes if the market conditions for xenon are favorable. It is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology used in current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. The report discusses the baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3σ evidence potential for WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as 3 x 10 –49 cm 2 (at 40 GeV/c 2 WIMP mass). The observatory will also have leading sensitivity to a wide range of alternative dark matter models. It is projected to have a 3σ observation potential of neutrinoless double beta decay of 136 Xe at a half-life of up to 5.7 x 10 27 years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the sun and galactic supernovae.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

X-ray Multilayers for Next-Generation Astrophysics Missions

In this work, we proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of high-reflectivity multilayer coatings that will enable next-generation astrophysics missions in the x-ray region (2 – 7 nm wavelengths) where currently high-performance coatings largely do not exist. This paucity is due to multilayer interfacial effects that severely reduce the coating reflectance; our approach was based on understanding these interfacial effects and on tailored process modifications to control and minimize them. The experimental validation of our approach was made difficult by our multilayer deposition tool being down for a large portion of the project. The required repairs used significant amount of funding and time, which forced to reduce the scope of the project. Our experimental study focused on Cr/C multilayers and their optimization using N2 reactive sputtering. We showed that the highest reflectance was achieved when depositing the multilayers with 35% N2, and with a larger Cr thickness ratio than what was initially predicted by simulations. This result consists of a 13% relative increase in reflectivity compared to our previous work. It will benefit upcoming NASA proposals and LLNL’s leadership in this area, as well as topics highly relevant to LLNL/DOE’s priority areas, such as x-ray laser science and semiconductor manufacturing. This work will be further investigated as part of a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Exploratory Research (ER) project starting in Fiscal Year (FY) 2024.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Next-Generation Parametrically Induced QUantum Engineering (PIQUE 2.0) (Final Technical Report)

This final technical report summarizes the key accomplishments on the project Next-Generation Parametrically-Induced QUantum Engineering (PIQUE) , a BES-funded award received by PI Archana Kamal at University of Massachusetts Lowell. The focus of this award was to enable new quantum information processing functionalities for multi-qubit entanglement and control, using parametric interactions in superconducting quantum circuits.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

The LSST DESC data challenge 1: generation and analysis of synthetic images for next-generation surveys

Data Challenge 1 (DC1) is the first synthetic data set produced by the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC). DC1 is designed to develop and validate data reduction and analysis and to study the impact of systematic effects that will affect the LSST data set. DC1 is comprised of r -band observations of 40 deg 2 to 10 yr LSST depth. In this paper, we present each stage of the simulation and analysis process: (a) generation, by synthesizing sources from cosmological N -body simulations in individual sensor-visit images with different observing conditions; (b) reduction using a development version of the LSST Science Pipelines; and (c) matching to the input cosmological catalogue for validation and testing. We verify that testable LSST requirements pass within the fidelity of DC1. We establish a selection procedure that produces a sufficiently clean extragalactic sample for clustering analyses and we discuss residual sample contamination, including contributions from inefficiency in star–galaxy separation and imperfect deblending. We compute the galaxy power spectrum on the simulated field and conclude that: (i) survey properties have an impact of 50 per cent of the statistical uncertainty for the scales and models used in DC1; (ii) a selection to eliminate artefacts in the catalogues is necessary to avoid biases in the measured clustering; and (iii) the presence of bright objects has a significant impact (2σ–6σ) in the estimated power spectra at small scales (ℓ > 1200), highlighting the impact of blending in studies at small angular scales in LSST.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗