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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluation of liquid-phase thermometry in impinging jet sprays using synchrotron x-ray scattering

Liquid thermometry during primary and secondary breakup of liquid sprays is challenging due to the presence of highly dynamic, optically complex flow features. This work evaluates the use of x-ray scattering from a focused, monochromatic beam of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory for the measurement of liquid temperatures within the mixing zone of an impinging jet spray. The measured scattering profiles are converted to temperature through a previously developed two-component partial least squares (PLS) regression model. Transmitive mixing during jet merging is inferred through spatial mapping of temperatures within the impingement region. In this work, the technique exhibits uncertainties of ±2K in temperature and 2% in capturing the correct scattering profile, showing its potential utility for probing liquid temperature distributions in multiphase flows.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1975

Developments in the large angle oblique jet impingement flow investigation

Single-wire (hot-wire) measurements are presented of the mean velocity and turbulence quantities near the impact plate for a 45-degree impingement flow responsible for acoustic noise production. These results are summarized along with the conclusions which shaped the subsequent direction of the study of large angle oblique jet impingement flow. The development of a unique signal processing circuit for finding the instantaneous transverse vorticity from an array of four hot-wires is discussed.

Foss, J. F.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Single and Double-Sided Jet Impingement Cooling for SiC-Based Power Modules

Efficient thermal management of power electronics systems is crucial for higher reliability. With the miniaturization of systems, high-loss-density electronics require cooling systems that can extract a large amount of heat. This study explored a liquid-jet-impingement-based direct substrate cooling system for single-sided and double-sided cooling to improve heat extraction efficiency and improve the power density by reducing the volume and mass. The cooling system was implemented for a SiC-based direct bonded copper substrate. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the effects of nozzle diameter, the number of nozzles, and nozzle array orientation on single-sided cooling and thermal performance gain over double-sided cooling. A novel manifold design was proposed that reduced the volume and mass of the manifold and still achieved the target power density. The performance of the proposed design was compared with the pin-fin-based cooling system used in the BMW I3 module, and a comparative analysis was done.

Barua, Himel↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spatio-temporal electric field distributions in an atmospheric plasma jet impinging on a microchannel array surface

The electric field distribution in the ionization waves (IWs) propagating over a microchannel array dielectric surface, with the channels either empty or filled with distilled water, is measured by ps electric field induced second harmonic generation. The surface IW is initiated by the atmospheric pressure N 2 –Ar plasma jet impinging on the surface vertically and powered by ns pulse discharge bursts. The results show that the electric field inside the microchannels, specifically its horizontal component, is enhanced by up to a factor of 2. The field enhancement region is localized within the channels. The vertical electric field inside the channels lags in time compared to the field measured at the ridges, indicating the transient reversal of the IW propagation direction across the channels (toward the jet). This is consistent with the phase-locked plasma emission images and confirmed by the kinetic modeling predictions, which show that the IW ‘jumps’ over the empty channels and propagates into the channels only after the jump between the adjacent ridges. When the channels are filled with water, the wave speed increases by up to 50%, due to the higher effective dielectric constant of the surface. No evidence of a significant electric field enhancement near the dielectric surface (ceramic or water) has been detected, within the spatial resolution of the present diagnostic, ~100 μ m.

plasmas and liquids↗
NASA NTRS2009

Experimental and Computational Study of Underexpanded Jet Impingement Heat Transfer

An experiment was performed to assess CFD modeling of a hypersonic-vehicle breach, boundary-layer flow ingestion and internal surface impingement. Tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 31-Inch Mach 10 Tunnel. Four simulated breaches were tested and impingement heat flux data was obtained for each case using both phosphor thermography and thin film gages on targets placed inside the model. A separate target was used to measure the surface pressure distribution. The measured jet impingement width and peak location are in good agreement with CFD analysis.

Rufer, Shann J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Conjugate heat transfer from a heated disk to a thin liquid film formed by a controlled impinging jet

An experimental and numerical study of the heat transfer from a heated horizontal disk to a thin film of liquid is described. The liquid was delivered to the disk by a collar arrangement such that the film thickness and radial velocity were known at the outer radius of the collar. This method of delivery is termed as a controlled impinging jet. Flow visualization tests were performed and heat transfer data were collected along the radius of the disk for different volumetric flow rates and inlet temperatures in the supercritical and subcritical regions. The heat transfer coefficient was found to increase with flow rate when both supercritical and subcritical regions were present on the heated surface. A numerical simulation of this free surface problem was performed, which included the effects of conjugate heat transfer within the heated disk and the liquid. The numerical predictions agree with the experimental results and show that conjugate heat transfer has a significant effect on the local wail temperature and heat transfer coefficient.

Faghri, A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

UO 2 F 2 particulate formation in an impinging jet gas reactor

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), chemical kinetics, and aerosol dynamics were combined to model the formation of uranyl fluoride particles from the hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride gas. This chemical process has been studied for many decades, however, detailed measurements of aerosol formation have only become available in the past few years which provide a basis for model comparison. Here, CFD simulations predicted complicated flow patterns in the impinging jet gas reactor. Aerosol formation simulations also predicted higher mass concentrations than were observed experimentally. This suggested that experimental data provided a partial representation which was subsequently enhanced by modeling and simulation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1978

Application of the Bernoulli enthalpy concept to the study of vortex noise and jet impingement noise

A complete theory of aeroacoustics of homentropic fluid media is developed and compared with previous theories. The theory is applied to study the interaction of sound with vortex flows, for the DC-9 in a standard take-off configuration. The maximum engine-wake interference noise is estimated to be 3 or 4 db in the ground plane. It is shown that the noise produced by a corotating vortex pair departs significantly from the compact M scaling law for eddy Mach numbers (M) greater than 0.1. An estimate of jet impingement noise is given that is in qualitative agreement with experimental results. The increased noise results primarily from the nonuniform acceleration of turbulent eddies through the stagnation point flow. It is shown that the corotating vortex pair can be excited or de-excited by an externally applied sound field. The model is used to qualitatively explain experimental results on excited jets.

Yates, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Conformal mapping technique for two-dimensional porous media and jet impingement heat transfer

Transpiration cooling and liquid metals both provide highly effective heat transfer. Using Darcy's law in porous media, and the inviscid approximation for liquid metals, the local fluid velocity in these flows equals the gradient of a potential, The energy equation and flow region are simplified when transformed into potential plane coordinates. In these coordinates the present problems are reduced to heat conduction solutions which are mapped into the physical geometry. Results are obtained for a porous region with simultaneously prescribed surface temperature and heat flux, heat transfer in a two-dimensional porous bed, and heat transfer for two liquid metal slot jets impinging on a heated plate.

Siegel, R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Conformal mapping technique for two-dimensional porous media and jet impingement heat transfer

Transpiration cooling and liquid metals both provide highly effective heat transfer. Using Darcy's law in porous media and the inviscid approximation for liquid metals, the local fluid velocity in these flows equals the gradient of a potential. The energy equation and flow region are simplified when transformed into potential plane coordinates. In these coordinates, the present problems are reduced to heat conduction solutions which are mapped into the physical geometry. Results are obtained for a porous region with simultaneously prescribed surface temperature and heat flux, heat transfer in a two-dimensional porous bed, and heat transfer for two liquid metal slot jets impinging on a heated plate.

Siegel, R.↗
NASA NTRS1998

The Effects of Crossflow on the Pressures and Lift Induced by the Fountain Generated Between Two Impinging Jets

When a jet STOVL aircraft is hovering, or in a crossflow, while close to the ground wall jets flowing radially outward from the impingement points of the jets are generated. An upflow, or fountain, is generated where the wall jets from adjacent jets meet on the ground surface. The induced lift and suckdown generated by the impingement of the fountain on the lower surface of the configuration has been the subject of previous studies. This study analyzes the limited available pressure and force data on the effect of crossflow on the fountain induced lift and suckdown. The analysis includes the effects of jet spacing, height and operating conditions. However, it is limited to twin jet configurations of circular, vertical jets operating at subcritical nozzle pressure ratios over a fixed ground surface.

Kuhn, Richard E.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Velocity Measurements in Supersonic Underexpanded Impinging Jets

We report on an application of nitric oxide (NO) flow-tagging velocimetry to impinging underexpanded jet flows issuing from a Mach 2.6 nozzle. The technique reported herein utilizes a single laser, single camera system to obtain planar maps of the streamwise component of velocity. Whereas typical applications of this technique involve comparing two images acquired at different time delays, this application uses a single image and time delay. The technique extracts velocity by assuming that particular regions outside the jet flowfield have negligible velocity and may therefore serve as a stationary reference against which to measure motion of the jet flowfield. By taking the average of measurements made in 100 single-shot images for each flow condition, streamwise velocities of between -200 and +1,000 m/s with accuracies of between 15 and 50 m/s are reported within the jets. Velocity measurements are shown to explain otherwise seemingly anomalous impingement surface pressure measurements.

Inman, Jennifer A.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electric field dynamics in an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet impinging on a substrate

Time and spatially resolved electric field measurements by Stark polarization spectroscopy in a nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure helium jet operating in ambient air and impinging on a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slide are reported. An automatic fitting procedure of the Stark shifted spectra taking into consideration constraints regarding Stark components positions and intensities as well as molecular nitrogen emission subtraction was implemented. This allowed electric field vector components measurements both in the gas phase and at the interface when the jet impinges on the substrate and during the development of a surface ionization wave. The obtained results show an increase of the axial electric field in the jet effluent in the gas phase with a peak magnitude from 12 to 18 kVcm -1 before the ionization wave impinges on the substrate. A steep electric field enhancement to a peak value of about 24 kVcm -1 was observed when the ionization wave impinges on the surface. A peak radial electric field of about 27 kVcm -1 was measured off-axis in the surface ionization wave. These results are consistent with previously reported modelling predictions. While Stark polarization spectroscopy is limited to electric field measurement from regions with emission, we illustrate that the capability to measure near surface electric fields in helium makes it a valuable complementary technique for the electric field-induced second harmonic (E-FISH) technique.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1988

Pressure measurements of impinging jet with asymmetric nozzle

For modern aircraft, impinging surfaces are commonly used as a device for obtaining vector thrust from engine exhaust. The nature of dynamic loading is important to understand for design purposes. In this study, the frequency, mode, and level of pressure fluctuations generated by an elliptic jet are examined. The elliptic jet is used because it has several operational advantages over a circular jet.

Ho, Chih-Ming↗
NASA NTRS1997

Enhancement of Nucleate Boiling Heat Flux on Macro/Micro-Structured Surfaces Cooled by Multiple Impinging Jets

An experimental investigation of nucleate boiling heat transfer from modified surfaces cooled by multiple in-line impinging circular jets is reported and found to agree with single jet results. A copper block is heated from the back by two electrical arcs, and cooled on the opposite side by three identical liquid jets of distilled water at subcoolings of 25 C 50 C and 77 C and Freon 113 at 24 C subcooling. Liquid flow rates are held constant at 5, 10, and 15 GPH for each of the three jets with jet velocities ranging from 1.4 m/s to 1 1.2 m/s and jet diameters from 0.95 mm to 2.2 mm. To increase the maximum heat flux (CHF) and heat removal rate, the boiling surface was modified by both macro and micro enhancements. Macro modification consists of machined radial grooves in the boiling surface arranged in an optimally designed pattern to allow better liquid distribution along the surface. These grooves also reduce splashing of liquid droplets, and provide 'channels' to sweep away bubbles. Micro modification was achieved by flame spraying metal powder on the boiling surface, creating a porous, sintered surface. With the addition of both micro and macro structured enhancements, maximum heat flux and nucleate boiling can be enhanced by more than 200%. Examination of each surface modification separately and together indicates that at lower superheats, the micro structure provides the enhanced heat transfer by providing more nucleation sites, while for higher superheats the macro structure allows better liquid distribution and bubble removal. A correlation is presented to account for liquid subcoolings and surface enhancements, in addition to the geometrical and fluid properties previously reported in the literature.

Kugler, Scott Lee↗
NASA NTRS1992

Ground vortex formation for uniform and nonuniform jets impinging on a ground plane

An experimental investigation of the impingement of a single circular jet on a ground plane in a cross flow is presented. This geometry is a simplified model of the interaction of propulsive jet exhaust from a V/STOL aircraft with the ground in forward flight. Variation of observed ground vortex size with cross flow-to-jet velocity ratio is consistent with previous observations.

Kuhlman, John M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

A study of jet impingement on curved surfaces followed by oblique introduction into a freestream flow

An experimental investigation of the temperature and velocity fields generated by a two-dimensional transverse jet was conducted. An approximate analysis of a deflected radial plane jet was developed. An analytical model of aircraft ingestion was extended to include computation of the inlet flow field. An investigation of the use of flaps as thrust reversers was initiated. Analyses of the impingement of a round incompressible and a round compressible jet on a arbitrary axisymmetric surface were completed. A computer study of the effects on performance of thrust reverser geometry was completed and the results compared with existing data. An experimental investigation of three-dimensional jet impingement on nonplane surfaces was also initiated.

Tatom, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Modeling 2-D jets impinging on Stirling regenerators

The extent to which flow leaving Stirling coolers or heaters in the form of high-velocity jets penetrate the regenerator matrix is visually modeled using a computer program. Two-dimensional laminar jets are shown impinging on regenerator samples of variable permeability ranging from no matrix at all to matrices dense enough to stop the jet dead on. The results lend credibility to a simple tension for flow uniformity as a function of penetration depth.

Gedeon, David↗