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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Electronics for the far-forward CMS muon detector upgrade, ME0

Abstract With the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) we expect increased instantaneous luminosities up to 7.5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1 , or five times more than the original values. In order to maintain performance of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment under these conditions, ME0 is one of three new muon sub-detectors being added, along with GE1/1 and GE2/1, which use the triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology. ME0 is designed to cover the forward region of 2.0 < | η | < 2.8, thus improving muon reconstruction at high background rates by supplementing other overlapping muon subsystems up to | η | = 2.4, while also extending the acceptance for the first time to | η | = 2.8. The readout electronics for ME0 must be designed to accommodate high data rates and be sufficiently radiation hard to operate close to the beamline. The Optohybrid (OH) board for ME0, which reads out data from the front-end VFAT3b ASICs, has therefore been designed to operate without an FPGA (unlike GE1/1 and GE2/1) to ensure radiation hardness. The ME0 OH uses the radiation-hard CERN-designed lpGBT ASIC and VTRx+ optical transceiver module for high bandwidth optical links up to 10.24 Gb/s. The backend system is based on the ATCA standard. The design and development status of the readout electronics for ME0 is presented, along with recent results from integration tests performed using the first prototypes.

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
DOE OSTI2023

Multiphysics modelling in PyLith: poroelasticity

SUMMARY PyLith, a community, open-source code for modelling quasi-static and dynamic crustal deformation with an emphasis on earthquake faulting, has recently been updated with a flexible multiphysics implementation. We demonstrate the versatility of the multiphysics implementation by extending the code to model fully coupled continuum poromechanics. We verify the newly incorporated physics using standard benchmarks for a porous medium saturated with a slightly compressible fluid. The benchmarks include the 1-D consolidation problem as outlined by Terzaghi, Mandel’s problem for the 2-D case, and Cryer’s problem for the 3-D case. All three benchmarks have been added to the PyLith continuous integration test suite. We compare the closed form analytical solution for each benchmark against solutions generated by our updated code, and lastly, demonstrate that the poroelastic material formulation may be used alongside the existing fault implementation in PyLith.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗
DOE OSTI2025

MTUQ: a framework for estimating moment tensors, point forces, and their uncertainties

SUMMARY We introduce MTUQ, an open-source Python package for seismic source estimation and uncertainty quantification, emphasizing flexibility and operational scalability. MTUQ provides MPI-parallelized grid search and global optimization capabilities, compatibility with 1-D and 3-D Green’s function database formats, customizable data processing, C-accelerated waveform and first-motion polarity misfit functions, and utilities for plotting seismic waveforms and visualizing misfit and likelihood surfaces. Applicability to a range of full- and constrained-moment tensor, point force, and centroid inversion problems is possible via a documented application programming interface, accompanied by example scripts and integration tests. We demonstrate the software using three different types of seismic events: (1) a 2009 intraslab earthquake near Anchorage, Alaska; (2) an episode of the 2021 Barry Arm landslide in Alaska; and (3) the 2017 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea underground nuclear test. With these events, we illustrate the well-known complementary character of body waves, surface waves, and polarities for constraining source parameters. We also convey the distinct misfit patterns that arise from each individual data type, the importance of uncertainty quantification for detecting multimodal or otherwise poorly constrained solutions, and the software’s flexible, modular design.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Descriptor: High Temporal Resolution Meteorological Data at Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR-HiResMet)

Access to continuous, quality assessed meteorological data is critical for understanding the climatology and atmospheric dynamics of a region. Research facilities like Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) rely on such data to assess site-specific climatology, model potential emissions, establish safety baselines, and prepare for emergency scenarios. To meet these needs, on-site towers at ORNL collect meteorological data at 15-minute and hourly intervals. However, data measurements from meteorological towers are affected by sensor sensitivity, degradation, lightning strikes, power fluctuations, glitching, and sensor failures, all of which can affect data quality. To address these challenges, we conducted a comprehensive quality assessment and processing of five years of meteorological data collected from ORNL at 15-minute intervals, including measurements of temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, and solar radiation. The time series of each variable was pre-processed and gap-filled using established meteorological data collection and cleaning techniques, i.e., the time series were subjected to structural standardization, data integrity testing, automated and manual outlier detection, and gap-filling. The data product and highly generalizable processing workflow developed in Python Jupyter notebooks are publicly accessible online. As a key contribution of this study, the evaluated 5-year data will be used to train atmospheric dispersion models that simulate dispersion dynamics across the complex ridge-and-valley topography of the Oak Ridge Reservation in East Tennessee.

Steckler, Morgan R. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory↗
DOE OSTI2020

Validation of an Advanced High-Pressure PEM Electrolyzer and Composite Hydrogen Storage

One of the challenges associated with transitioning our nation’s transportation economy to any alternative fuel is bringing fuel production, storage, transportation, and end-customer delivery infrastructure online. There are challenges associated with planning and implementing hydrogen fueling stations at locations relevant to the parallel effort of bringing the related transportation vehicles into the market. There are additional challenges associated with the operation of hydrogen fueling stations and reducing operating costs through energy reduction. Through calculation and design efforts it was concluded that elevating the pressure of a PEM cell stack and further developing hydrogen processing equipment that support elevated pressures while maintaining similar characteristics to their current production counterparts will yield in energy savings and by extension cost reductions. In this report, the design of a 57-bar (827-psig) electrolysis system and electrolysis cell stack is described. Furthermore, the fabrication, component verification, and integrated testing are summarized. Prior to this development effort, Proton had demonstrated thousand of hours of durability on 30-bar (435-psig) differential pressure PEM electrolysis hardware. Proton has sold and installed many of these 30-bar devices at customer sites. Through this project, Proton has developed and tested 57-bar PEM electrolysis, thereby extending the proven capability of PEM electrolysis as a hydrogen generation and electrochemical compression device. A design and validation effort to arrange hydrogen processioning equipment for refueling OEM vehicles was also undertaken within this project. By arranging equipment within two 6-meter ISO shipping containers and further developing NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code to support containerized hydrogen equipment, efforts to site, install, and commission, and approve hydrogen fueling stations were reduced and now provide a groundwork for future installations.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

LDRD-DR: Accelerating Nuclear Fuel Qualification through Integrated Multiscale and Multiphysics Models [Slides]

Nuclear fuel qualification implies ensuring that a new fuel can safely operate in a reactor under both normal and accident conditions. Historically, extensive irradiation campaigns probe fuel performance relationships and interconnections in an integral sense, which is very time-consuming and costly. The presentation focus is on introducing advanced modeling and simulation into the qualification process in order to reduce the qualification timeline by targeting fewer integral tests

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

181 Ta - fast neutron evaluation [Slides]

Reliable fast-neutron evaluation can be entirely encapsulated in the reaction model and related input. Ta181 is a particularly relevant case due to extraordinary coverage of various observables by differential experiments that offer much help and relatively little headache. Differences from the similar ENDF/B-VIII evaluation include: more advanced modeling (CC OMP, MSD, MSC, decay schemes), more careful selection of models and parameters, new experimental data, and isomers. Overall, improved agreement with differential data and hints of better performance in integral testing.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Update on 17 O evaluation and fast neutron evaluation for 181 Ta [Slides]

Reliable fast-neutron evaluation can be entirely encapsulated in the reaction model and related input. Ta181 is a particularly relevant case due to extraordinary coverage of various observables by differential experiments that offer much help and relatively little headache. Differences from the similar ENDF/B-VIII evaluation are as follows: more advanced modeling (CC OMP, MSD, MSC, decay schemes), more careful selection of models and parameters, new experimental data, and isomers. Overall, there is improved agreement with differential data and hints of better performance in integral testing.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Prospects for Machine Learning and Pulse Shaping on the Scorpius Accelerator [Poster]

The Advanced Sources and Detectors (ASD) project aims to build Scorpius, a multi pulse linear induction accelerator capable of delivering a 1.4 kA electron beam at energies up to 24 MeV. One of the primary advancements of Scorpius is the use of solid state pulsed power (SSPP) to provide flexibility in pulse shaping by independently triggering 45 individual stages stacked in each of 984 line replaceable units (LRU), with 168 LRUs dedicated to the injector. By leveraging circuit modeling of each LRU stage, a machine learning model of the SSPP will be developed to allow for optimization of the pulse shape, including pulse flattening and reflection mitigation. Particle-in-cell simulations of Scorpius have, for example, demonstrated that reducing reflections during multi-pulse operation mitigates beam spill by preventing the production of off-energy electrons between pulses, thereby abating stimulated ion desorption from the wall and beam charge neutralization. This machine learning model will be validated and tuned with experimental data collected from the Scorpius injector and Integrated Test Stand

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Control Carrier Board (CCB) Damage (ISS-95470.01)

CCBs installed in the first LRU32 preproduction units were found to not operate properly when received at LLNL from the integration vendor on 02/07/2023 during integrated testing of low voltage and high voltage as the first steps of validating a functional LRU for physics qualifications. CCB version dated 12/10/2021 was found to not accommodate a design change approved 09/28/2022 , which led to damage occurring during testing. The test stand holding pins would interfere with the location of a resistor due to CCB design modification and pressed on the resistor causing damage. Communication deficiency is identified as cause of issue.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Achieving Higher Fidelity Pulsed-Power Simulations Using Advanced Gap Closure Modeling

This project has progressed several physics models in the EMPIRE plasma simulation code to achieve higher fidelity simulations of high-current diode operation in pulsed-power accelerators. In this report, we present details for the following major work products: (1) a set of verification problems covering all key processes involved in gap closure physics has been designed; this suite has facilitated feature vetting and overall model maturation, (2) a new EMPIRE exemplar has been developed: the Radiographic Integrated Test Stand 6 (RITS-6) diode, and (3) An exemplar for the Saturn accelerator exemplar was enabled by the models matured under this work to self-consistently simulate further into the diode pulse than previously possible (bipolar flow regime). These developments have lead to the highest confidence EMPIRE power flow predictions of the Saturn accelerator to date. Additionally, three modeling approaches for simulating electrode plasmas have been investigated. We report on these results and provide recommendations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Wyoming CarbonSAFE Phase III: Site Characterization and Permitting Commercial-Scale Carbon Storage Complex Feasibility Study at Dry Fork Station, Wyoming

This report presents the findings of the technical and non-technical site characterization and permitting activities (“Phase III”) conducted under the Wyoming CarbonSAFE: Accelerating CCUS Commercialization and Deployment at Dry Fork Power Station (DFS) and the Wyoming Integrated Test Center project (“Wyoming CarbonSAFE”). Wyoming CarbonSAFE is part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Carbon Storage Assurance Facility Enterprise (“CarbonSAFE”) Initiative. The results of Phase III demonstrate that the Wyoming CarbonSAFE project - referred to as the Northern Powder River Basin Carbon Sequestration Hub (NPRB-CSH) - meets the technical, regulatory, and commercial feasibility requirements necessary to advance toward commercial development and construction. The activities completed under this project Phase make the NPRB-CSH one of the region’s most commercially ready carbon storage sites. Completion of this Phase included the finalization of all site surface and subsurface characterization activities, completion and testing of two Class VI standard wells, 10 draft Class VI permits-to construct to address the future needs of a storage complex, finalized NEPA assessments, transportation and capture FEED studies, and a full commercialization strategy with economic modeling, operation and site closure strategies. The NPRB-CSH meets all requirements to progress to a CarbonSAFE Phase IV program or advance to full commercial operations under the development of a business partner.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2020

Availability of Shielding Benchmark Experiment Data in the ICSBEP Handbook

The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Projects (ICSBEP) has over two decades of experience under the auspices of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to identify, evaluate, and compile a comprehensive data set of criticality safety benchmark data [1]. The activities of the ICSBEP have led to the continued success of the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP Handbook) [2]. The contents of the ICSBEP Handbook include benchmark specifications derived from nuclear facilities around the world, which have been utilized to support criticality safety efforts and also integral testing of nuclear data [3]. The 2020 edition of the ICSBEP Handbook will include data from 582 evaluations containing benchmark specifications for 5,053 critical, subcritical, or near-critical configurations. There are seven criticality-alarm-placement/shielding evaluations containing a total of 45 benchmark configurations, and ten fundamental physics evaluations containing a total of 237 measurements relevant to criticality safety applications. The purpose of this paper is to summarize those benchmarks relative to validation needs in shielding applications currently found within the ICSBEP Handbook. The current and future plans of shielding benchmarks with regards to the ICSBEP will also be discussed.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Use of Flooding Probabilistic Risk Assessment

General slide information on using flooding Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) taken from published INL reports or public Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) information. Topics covered are: SDP related to flooding in US Door integrity tests at Idaho State University Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for external flooding NRC-INL Flood Barrier project

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design and Analysis of an Integrated Additively Manufactured Test Article for Plasma-Facing Components

Current plasma-facing components (PFCs) used in helium-cooled divertor modules are complex structures with tungsten tile, steel sleeve components, and cartridges, all assembled in a helium-cooled multiple jet (HEMJ) structure. The goal of this project is to simplify the complex PFC design using additive manufacturing techniques to create a single integrated tungsten test article. Apart from the flexibility this opens up in exploring a wide array of geometries for the article, having a single integrated article significantly reduces the number of joints and parts in the article, thus reducing chances of leaks. A process called electron beam melting has shown to produce very high-density samples and unique geometries, enabling HEMJ or similar designs. To validate and optimize this novel design, the model underwent a series of computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis simulations to replicate steady-state heat flux in the divertors. The simulations presented in this study consider a steady-state base heat flux of 5 MW/m 2 , with water serving as the coolant. Future research will explore the use of helium as a coolant, simulate edge-localized-mode conditions, and include experimental validation. Since 3D-printed tungsten is anisotropic, the build direction versus build plane of the article are taken into consideration for the test article strength. Because of the high operating temperatures and low ductility of tungsten, thermal creep and brittle fracture are important failure mechanisms to consider. In conclusion, the cap is evaluated with various flow velocities and nozzle diameters, and an optimal design choice is made for which this cap will survive the divertor conditions with a conservative safety margin.

Divertor↗
DOE OSTI2025

Integral Heat Transfer Test Method for Determining Thermal Resistance of Silicon Carbide Cladding and Liquid Tin System at Elevated Temperatures - Master's Thesis Presentation University of Idaho

Presentation for master's work at University of Idaho discussing Integral Heat Transfer Test Method for Determining Thermal Resistance of Silicon Carbide Cladding and Liquid Tin System at Elevated Temperatures. Presentation covers slight literature review results/previous work, discussions on system design and approach for thermal property measurement of SiC composite and Tin system, modeling efforts, and results.

36 - MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development and Testing of an Integrated Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Treatment and Rare Earth/Critical Mineral Plant

The overall objective of this project was to design, construct, and test a pilot-scale continuous process for efficiently treating acid mine drainage (AMD) while producing rare earth element/critical mineral (REE/CM) concentrates. The process technology evaluated in this project included two distinct operations: 1. an upstream pre-concentration unit that treats raw AMD to environmentally compliant discharge standards while capturing an REE/CM preconcentrate, and 2. a downstream REE purification process that further enriches the pre-concentrate while producing mixed or partially separated rare earth oxides (REOs). The project team members successfully completed all of the proposed goals of the project and advanced the technology readiness levels (TRL) of the constituent operations to TRL 7 for the upstream concentration unit (full-scale system demonstration) and TRL 6 for the downstream purification process (pilot-scale demonstration).

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗