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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Quantitative photoabsorption and fluorescence study of HCl in vacuum ultraviolet

The photoabsorption and fluorescence cross sections of HCl were measured in the 106-185 nm region. Sharp absorption bands appear at wavelengths shorter than 135 nm, and fluorescence occurs at several excited states. The fluorescence cross sections are generally quite small, indicating that the excited states are strongly predissociative. The molecular processes for producing the VUV and UV fluorescences are investigated, and the Rydberg characteristics of the strong absorption bands are discussed.

Nee, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

An assessment of OH airglow interference on the remote sensing of stratospheric HCl via limb sounding in the near-I.R.

Chemiluminescent emission from the formation of vibrationally excited OH at an altitude of approximately 85 km presents a barrier to earth-limb measurements of NIR emissions originating in the stratosphere. High-resolution measured spectra of OH airglow have not been reported, and thus it is difficult to assess its impact on moderately-high-resolution earth-limb spectroscopy capable of looking between strong OH lines. Low-resolution rocketborne spectrometer earth-limb measurements of OH airglow are mathematically inverted to recover vibrational-state populations that are used to simulate a higher resolution spectrum in the neighbourhood of 2843/cm. Implications for remote sensing HCl are presented.

Mergenthaler, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Condensation of HNO3 and HCl in the winter polar stratospheres

Nitric acid and hydrochloric acid vapors may condense in the winter polar stratospheres. Nitric acid clouds, unlike water ice clouds, would form at the temperatures at which polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are observed and would have optical depths of the magnitude observed suggesting that HNO3 is a dominant component of PSCs. ClO, N2O5 and ClNO3 may react on cloud particle surfaces yielding additional HNO3, HCl, and HOCL. In the vicinity of PSCs these reactions could deplete the stratosphere of photochemically active NO(x) species. The sedimentation of PSCs may remove these materials from the stratosphere. The loss of vapor phase NO(x) might allow halogen-based chemistry to create the ozone hole.

Toon, Owen B.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Air broadening of the hydrogen halides. I - N2-broadening and shifting in the HCl fundamental

The resolvent operator formalism of Kolb, Griem (1964), and Baranger (1962) is used to determine the widths and shifts of the fundamental band vibration-rotation lines of HCl under N2 pressure. Time-development operator matrix elements are evaluated accounting for all bilinear and second order anisotropic terms, in addition to isotropic effects to all orders. The method employs the use of a parabolic trajectory model and explicit velocity averaging. The major contributions to the linewidths are found to arise from dipole-quadrupole, quadrupole-quadrupole, and vibrationally dependent isotropic dispersion forces. Good overall agreement is found between calculated and measured widths and linewidths over a 163-295 K temperature range.

Looney, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Atmospheric remote sensing of water vapor, HCl and CH4 using a continuously tunable Co:MgF2 laser

A differential-absorption lidar system has been developed which uses a continuously tunable (1.5-2.3 micron) cobalt-doped magnesium fluoride laser as the radiation source. Preliminary atmospheric measurements of water vapor, HCl, and CH4 have been made with this system, including both path-averaged and ranged-resolved DIAL measurements at ranges up to 6 and 3 km, respectively.

Menyuk, Norman↗
NASA NTRS1988

Mass accommodation coefficient measurements for HNO3, HCl and N2O5 on water, ice and aqueous sulfuric acid droplet surfaces

Preliminary results are reported of the direct measurement of accommodation coefficients for HNO3, N2O5 and HCl on water drops, aqueous sulfuric acid drops and ice particles. The heterogeneous chemistry of these species together with ClONO2 has been implicated in the ozone depletion observed in the Antarctic stratosphere during the spring in the last eight years. The most plausible chemical mechanism involves the removal of nitrogen oxide species via condensation on ice particles in polar stratospheric clouds resulting in a increase in the active chlorine species responsible for the ozone depletion. The observation of low NO2 and high ClO densities in the Antarctic stratosphere last summer appear to be consistent with such a mechanism.

Worsnop, Douglas↗
NASA NTRS1989

HNO3 and HCl amounts over McMurdo during the spring of 1987

Infrared solar spectra were obtained from the ground at McMurdo, Antarctica, during September and October 1987. Absorption features due to HNO3 and HCl have been analyzed to determine the vertical column content of these compounds for the days when observations were made. The variation of these column amounts with time is presented and discussed.

Murcray, Frank J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

N2-broadening in the HCl vibrational fundamental - Temperature dependence between 160 and 296 K

Measurements were conducted of the N2-broadening coefficients in the vibrational fundamental line of HCl at 160, 182, 216, 255, and 296 K. It is found that the N2 broadening of rovibrational lines in the -6 to +6 range is well described by a simple power-law dependence on temperature. The temperature-interpolation of these results is noted to be in good agreement with previous low-temperature studies.

Chackerian, C., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Theoretical line shapes for rotational spectra of HCl in Ar

An interaction potential for HCl-Ar recently derived from spectra of van der Waals complexes (Hutson,1988) has been used to obtain converged close-coupling scattering S matrices from which pressure broadening (linewidth, line shift, and line coupling) cross sections have been computed within the Fano-Ben-Reuven formalism. Linewidths agree well with experimental data with the exception of the 0-1 line at low temperatures (an error of about 15 percent at 125 K). Line shifts, especially the largest, for the 0-1 line, are also in reasonable accord with experimental data. Line coupling is predicted to be quite small. The coupled-states molecular scattering approximation is found to be accurate except at very low collision energies. The infinite-order sudden approximations, on the other hand, is not reliable for this system. Inelastic scattering out of the spectroscopic levels accounts for only a fraction of the linewidth at thermal energies, especially in the lower rotational levels.

Green, Sheldon↗
NASA NTRS1995

Vibrationally excited H2, HCl, and NO(+) in the diffuse clouds toward Zeta Ophiuchi

Absorption lines from vibrationally excited H2 and from HCl were detected in the ultraviolet spectrum of Zeta Oph with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Improved upper limits on NO(+) absorption were obtained as well. The data were analyzed with an updated version of a chemical model for diffuse clouds (van Dishoeck & Black 1986) as a guide to understanding this gaseous environment. The comparisons suggest that the flux of ultraviolet radiation impinging on the cloud surface is approximately 1-2 times the average interstellar radiation field, which is lower than once believed.

Federman, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

HCl absorption toward Sagittarius B2

We have detected the 626 GHz J = 1 approaches 0 transition of hydrogen chloride (H(sup 35)Cl) in absorption against the blending of the three hyperfine components of this transition by the velocity profile of Sgr B2 observed in other species. The apparent optical depth of the line is tau approximately equal to 1, and the minimum HCl column density is 1.6 x 10(exp 14)/sq cm. A detailed radiative transfer model was constructed which includes collisional and radiative excitation, absorption and emission by dust, and the radial variation of temperature and density. Good agreement between the model and the data is obtained for HCl/H2 approximately 1.1 x 10(exp -9). Comparison of this result to chemical models indicates that the depletion factor of gas-phase chlorine is between 50-180 in the molecular envelope surrounding the SgrB2(N) and (M) dust cores.

Zmuidzinas, J.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Retrieval of HCl and HNO3 Profiles from Ground-Based FTIR Data Using SFIT2

A recently developed algorithm, SFIT2, is used to assess profile information available in ground-based FTIR measurements of HCl and HNO3 and to analyze spectra recorded at Lauder, New Zealand, and Arrival Heights, Antarctica. It is shown that the altitude range of HCI retrievals may be extended by using multiple spectral lines. A preliminary analysis of a five year record of HNO3 at Lauder shows that the Pinatubo aerosol caused a large increase of HNO3 in a layer at about 20-30 km while having little effect at lower altitude.

Connor, Brian↗
NASA NTRS1998

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy of Atmospheric Trace Gases HCl, NO and SO2

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectral data have been recorded in the spectral region 400-4000/cm of hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide with I/cm resolution and of nitric oxide with 0.25 cm-i resolution, under quasi-static conditions, when the sample gas was passed through tubings of aluminum, copper, stainless steel and teflon. The absorbance was measured for the rotational lines of the fundamental bands of (1)H(35)Cl and (1)H(37)Cl for pressures in the range 100-1000 Torr and for the (14)N(16)O molecule in the range 100-300 Torr. The absorbance was also measured for individual rotational lines corresponding to the three modes of vibrations (upsilon(sub 1) - symmetric stretch, upsilon(sub 2) - symmetric bend, upsilon(sub 3) - anti-symmetric stretch) of the SO2 molecule in the pressure range 25-150 Torr. A graph of absorbance versus pressure was plotted for the observed rotational transitions of the three atmospherically significant molecules, and it was found that the absorbance was linearly proportional to the pressure range chosen, thereby validating Beer's law. The absorption cross-sections were determined from the graphical slopes for each rotational transition recorded for the HCl, NO and SO2 species. Qualitative and quantitative spectral changes in the FT-IR data will be discussed to identify and characterize various tubing materials with respect to their absorption features.

Haridass, C.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Qualification of a Multi-Channel Infrared Laser Absorption Spectrometer for Monitoring CO, HCl, HCN, HF, and CO2 Aboard Manned Spacecraft

Monitoring of specific combustion products can provide early-warning detection of accidental fires aboard manned spacecraft and also identify the source and severity of combustion events. Furthermore, quantitative in situ measurements are important for gauging levels of exposure to hazardous gases, particularly on long-duration missions where analysis of returned samples becomes impractical. Absorption spectroscopy using tunable laser sources in the 2 to 5 micrometer wavelength range enables accurate, unambiguous detection of CO, HCl, HCN, HF, and CO2, which are produced in varying amounts through the heating of electrical components and packaging materials commonly used aboard spacecraft. Here, we report on calibration and testing of a five-channel laser absorption spectrometer designed to accurately monitor ambient gas-phase concentrations of these five compounds, with low-level detection limits based on the Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations. The instrument employs a two-pass absorption cell with a total optical pathlength of 50 cm and a dedicated infrared semiconductor laser source for each target gas. We present results from testing the five-channel sensor in the presence of trace concentrations of the target compounds that were introduced using both gas sources and oxidative pyrolysis (non-flaming combustion) of solid material mixtures.

environmental monitoring↗