Heat treatment for improved stress-corrosion resistance of 17-7 pH stainless steel
Stress corrosion tests of heat treated austenitic stainless steels
Grimsley, J. D.↗
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Adhesive bonding and the use of corrosion resistant primers
The use of an anti-corrosive primer has been shown to be essential to assure survival of a bonded structure in a hostile environment, particularly if a stress is to be applied to the adhesively bonded joint during the environmental exposure. For example, the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar assembly, after exhaustive evaluation tests specifies use of chromate filled inhibitive polysulfide sealants, and use of corrosion inhibiting adhesive primers prior to structural bonding with film adhesive.
Hockridge, R. R.↗
Corrosion-resistant ceramic thermal barrier coating
Two-layer thermal barrier coating, consisting of metal-CrA1Y bond coating and calcium silicate ceramic outer layer, greatly improves resistance of turbine parts to hot corrosion from fuel and air impurities. Both layers can be plasma sprayed, and ceramic layer may be polished to reduce frictional losses. Ceramic provides thermal barrier, so parts operate cooler metal temperatures, coolant flow can be reduced, or gas temperatures increased. Lower grade fuels also can be used.
Hodge, P. E.↗
Final Technical Report: Bimetallic functionally graded materials for high-temperature corrosion resistance
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22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
Corrosion-Resistant Ball Bearings
Self-lubricating bearing system withstands highly corrosive environment of wastewater-recycling unit. New bearings contain cobalt-based-alloy balls and races, graphite/polyimide polymer ball cages, and single integral polytetrafluoroethylene seals on wet sides. Materials and design prevent corrosion by acids and provide lubrication.
Zdankiewicz, E. M.↗
Wide-temperature corrosion-resistant pressure regulator
Simplified design and all-metal-and-ceramic-components make pressure regulator compatible with corrosive fluids such as fluorine and hydrazine, and extends operating-temperature range. Flexure guidance eliminates hysteresis and friction, and self-generated contaminations are diminished enough to produce nearly unlimited maintenance-free lifetime.
Wichmann, H.↗
Corrosion resistive materials, systems, and methods of forming and using the materials and systems
A method to reduce corrosion rates of materials at high temperatures may include heating a mixture and applying the heated mixture to a material to be rendered thermodynamically noble. The mixture may include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and the material rendered thermodynamically noble may include copper or other material having similar physical properties. The copper or other similar material may be applied to a structural material and provide a surface interfacing with the mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to prevent corrosion of the structural material. In some cases, the structural material may form a heat exchanger defining passageways for a working fluid of a power system and/or may form other passageways of the power system. The copper may be applied to the passageways as a protective coating and then made thermodynamically noble at high temperatures after interactions with the mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Anderson, Mark↗
Corrosion resistance of sodium sulfate coated cobalt-chromium-aluminum alloys at 900 C, 1000 C, and 1100 C
The corrosion of sodium sulfate coated cobalt alloys was measured and the results compared to the cyclic oxidation of alloys with the same composition, and to the hot corrosion of compositionally equivalent nickel-base alloys. Cobalt alloys with sufficient aluminum content to form aluminum containing scales corrode less than their nickel-base counterparts. The cobalt alloys with lower aluminum levels form CoO scales and corrode more than their nickel-base counterparts which form NiO scales.
Santoro, G. J.↗
Study made of corrosion resistance of stainless steel and nickel alloys in nuclear reactor superheaters
Experiments performed under conditions found in nuclear reactor superheaters determine the corrosion rate of stainless steel and nickel alloys used in them. Electropolishing was the primary surface treatment before the corrosion test. Corrosion is determined by weight loss of specimens after defilming.
Greenberg, S.↗
Characterization of the corrosion resistance of several alloys to dilute biologically active solutions
Sulfate reducing bacteria and acid producing bacteria/fungi detected in hygiene waters increased the corrosion rate in aluminum alloy. Biologically active media enhanced the formation of pits on metal coupons. Direct observation of gas evolved at the corrosion sample, coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis of the corrosion products indicates that the corrosion rate is increased because the presence of bacteria favor the reduction of hydrogen as the cathodic reaction through the reaction of oxygen and water. SEM verifies the presence of microbes in a biofilm on the surface of corroding samples. The bacterial consortia are associated with anodic sites on the metal surface, aggressive pitting occurs adjacent to biofilms. Many pits are associated with triple points and inclusions in the aluminum alloy microstructure. Similar bacterial colonization was found on the stainless steel samples. Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carbonyl groups in pitted areas of samples exposed to biologically active waters.
Walsh, Daniel W.↗
The stress corrosion resistance and the cryogenic temperature mechanical properties of annealed Nitronic 60 bar material
Ambient and cryogenic temperature mechanical properties and the ambient temperature stress corrosion properties of annealed, straightened, and centerless ground Nitronic 60 stainless steel alloy bar material are presented. The mechanical properties of longitudinal specimens were evaluated at test temperatures from ambient to liquid hydrogen. The tensile test data indicated increasing strength with decreasing temperature to -196 C. Below liquid nitrogen temperature the smooth tensile and notched tensile strengths decreased slightly while the elongation and reduction of area decreased drastically. The Charpy V-notched impact energy decreased steadily with decreasing test temperature. Stress corrosion tests were performed on longitudinal tensile specimens and transverse C-ring specimens exposed to: alternate immersion in a 3.5% NaCl bath; humidity cabinet; and a 5% salt spray atmosphere. The longitudinal tensile specimens experienced no corrosive attack. Approximately 3/4 of the transverse C-rings exposed to alternate immersion and to salt spray experienced a pitting attack on the top and bottom ends. Additional stress corrosion tests were performed on transverse tensile specimens. No failures occurred in the 90% stressed specimens exposed for 90 days in the alternate immersion and salt spray environments
Montano, J. W. L.↗
Amorphous, Corrosion-Resistant Coatings for Storage Canister
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Amorphous alloys, thermal spraying, HVOF, corrosio↗
The stress corrosion resistance and the cryogenic temperature mechanical properties of hot rolled Nitronic 32 bar material
The ambient and cryogenic temperature mechanical properties and the ambient temperature stress corrosion properties of hot rolled and centerless ground Nitronic 32 stainless steel bar material are presented. The mechanical properties of longitudinal specimens were evaluated at test temperatures from ambient to liquid hydrogen. The tensile test data indicated increasing smooth tensile strength with decreasing temperature to liquid hydrogen temperature. However, below -200 F (-129.0 C) the notched tensile strength decreased slightly and below -320 F (-196.0 C) the decrease was significant. The elongation and reduction of area decreased drastically at temperatures below -200 F (-129.0 C). The Charpy V-notched impact energy decreased steadily with decreasing test temperature. Stress corrosion tests were performed on longitudinal tensile specimens stressed to 0, 75, and 90 percent of the 0.2 percent yield strength and on transverse 'C'-ring specimens stressed to 75 and 90 percent of the yield strength and exposed to: alternate immersion in a 3.5 percent NaCl bath, humidity cabinet environment, and a 5 percent salt spray atmosphere. The longitudinal tensile specimens experienced no corrosive attack; however, the 'C'-rings exposed to the alternate immersion and to the salt spray experienced some shallow etching and pitting, respectively. Small cracks appeared in two of the 'C'-rings after one month exposure to the salt spray.
Montano, J. W. L.↗
High temperature corrosion-resistant protective coatings in stationary gas turbines
Methods currently used to deposit protective coatings in gas turbines are reviewed, and the structure of the respective coatings is examined. The corrosion behavior of such coatings is discussed on the basis of experimental data. General trends in the preparation of protective coatings are noted.
Gruenling, H. W.↗
The Stress Corrosion Resistance and the Cryogenic Temperature Mechanical Behavior of 18-3 Mn (Nitronic 33) Stainless Steel Parent and Welded Material
The ambient and cryogenic temperature mechanical properties and the ambient temperature stress corrosion results of 18-3 Mn (Nitronic 33)stainless steel, longitudinal and transverse, as received and as welded (TIG) material specimens manufactured from 0.063 inch thick sheet material, were described. The tensile test results indicate an increase in ultimate tensile and yield strengths with decreasing temperature. The elongation remained fairly constant to -200 F, but below that temperature the elongation decreased to less than 6.0% at liquid hydrogen temperature. The notched tensile strength (NTS) for the parent metal increased with decreasing temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. Below -320 F the NTS decreased rapidly. The notched/unnotched (N/U) tensile ratio of the parent material specimens remained above 0.9 from ambient to -200 F, and decreased to approximately 0.65 and 0.62, respectively, for the longitudinal and transverse directions at liquid hydrogen temperature. After 180 days of testing, only those specimens exposed to the salt spray indicated pitting and some degradation of mechanical properties.
Montano, J. W.↗
Corrosion-Resistant Coatings for Mitigation and Repair of Spent Nuclear Fuel Dry Storage Canisters
This report summarizes the results of a literature survey on coatings and surface treatments that are used to provide corrosion protection for exposed metal surfaces. The coatings are discussed in the context of being used on stainless steel spent nuclear fuel (SNF) dry storage canisters for potential prevention or repair of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The report summarizes the properties of different coating classes, including the mechanisms of protection, their physical properties, and modes of degradation (thermal, chemical, radiological). Also discussed are the current standard technologies for application of the coatings, including necessary surface pretreatments (degreasing, rust removal, grinding) and their effects on coating adhesion and performance. The coatings are also classified according their possible use for in situ repair; ex situ repair, requiring removal from the overpack; and ex situ prevention, or application prior to fuel loading to provide corrosion protection over the lifetime of the canister.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Monitoring the corrosion resistance of cold-spray coatings with membrane-based sensors
In this presentation, the MBES shows the ability to detect the change in exposed environment even with cold-spray coatings. Corrosion rates from the cold-spray coating were comparable to a 316 stainless steel sample. Defects in the coating did not impact sensor performance in terms of corrosion rate or water content detection. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to document ion migration into the membrane.
Rendon, Arnaldo↗
Establishing a Design Strategy for Corrosion Resistant Structural Materials in Molten Salt Technologies
To address the gap in material design strategies for structural components in molten salt-powered technologies, the current work aimed to identify key parameters governing corrosion induced degradation of materials during exposures in molten halide salts. The applicability of the data on dissolution rates of pure metals (e.g., Cr) in a given molten salt to enable predictions of corrosion behavior of multicomponent binary and ternary Fe-based model and Ni-based commercial alloys isothermally exposed in the purified KCl-MgCl 2 in quartz capsules at 700 and 800°C was evaluated. The influence of alloy chemistry on initial dissolution rates and the consequent impact on the time-dependent corrosion induced microstructural evolution in the alloy subsurface was predicted with a coupled thermodynamic-kinetic model. Finally, the model was well able to predict the Cr depletion in all investigated alloys demonstrating the ability of the proposed approach to enable a unique design strategy for structural materials in molten salts.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗