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Results for “Charging Behavior”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

The effect of porosity and gamma-gamma-prime eutectic content on the fatigue behavior of hydrogen charged PWA 1480

The study addresses the effect of systematically varying gamma-gamma-prime eutectic content and porosity level on the fatigue life of a hydrogen-charged single crystal PWA 1480 superalloy. Four microstructural variants are produced, and differences in gamma-gamma-prime eutectic morphology among the four processing variants are analyzed. Single valued tensile test data indicate that the tensile and yield strength of the PWA 1480 are degraded by hydrogen charging, with the exception of the material given a eutectic solution treatment. It is shown that the reduction of the fatigue life can be minimized by a duplex thermomechanical treatment consisting of a eutectic solution followed by hot isostatic pressing.

Gayda, J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

AutonomieAI: An efficient and deployable vehicle energy consumption estimation toolkit

Here, this paper presents AutonomieAI, a novel toolkit designed for efficient energy estimation of vehicles across diverse trip scenarios, routes, and drive cycles, applicable to a broad range of vehicle powertrain technologies. It leverages state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques to deliver real-time energy prediction of vehicles, enabling co-simulation with transportation level system tools and opening doors for large-scale optimization at city, network or national level. Benchmark results show that AutonomieAI achieves high accuracy, with an average percentage error below 2% for most powertrain types, and computational efficiency capable of processing over 10,000 trips per second. Applications of AutonomieAI have potential to offer the flexibility to assist in solving eco-routing problems, optimize for vehicle and powertrain selection, study charging decision behavior, and optimize for charging station placement. AutonomieAI is the result of large neural network based model architectures, trained on very large and unique high fidelity vehicle simulation data. It is lightweight, deployable, efficient and has accuracy comparable to specialized and complex physics based simulation softwares.

Autonomie↗
NASA NTRS2002

Apolipoprotein E expression and behavioral toxicity of high charge, high energy (HZE) particle radiation

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipid binding protein that plays an important role in tissue repair following brain injury. In the present studies, we have investigated whether apoE affects the behavioral toxicity of high charge, high energy (HZE) particle radiation. METHODS: Sixteen male apoE knockout (KO) mice and sixteen genetically matched wild-type (WT) C57BL mice were used in this experiment. Half of the KO and half of the WT animals were irradiated with 600 MeV/amu iron particles (2 Gy whole body). The effect of irradiation on motor coordination and stamina (Rotarod test), exploratory behavior (open field test), and spatial working and reference memory (Morris water maze) was assessed. ROTAROD TEST: Performance was adversely affected by radiation exposure in both KO and WT groups at 30 d after irradiation. By 60 d after radiation, the radiation effect was lost in WT, but still apparent in irradiated KO mice. OPEN FIELD TEST: Radiation reduced open field exploratory activity 14, 28, 56, 84, and 168 d after irradiation of KO mice, but had no effect on WT mice. MORRIS WATER MAZE: Radiation adversely affected spatial working memory in the KO mice, but had no discernible effect in the WT mice as assessed 180 d after irradiation. In contrast, irradiated WT mice showed marked impairment of spatial reference memory in comparison to non-irradiated mice, while no effect of radiation was observed in KO mice. CONCLUSIONS: These studies show that apoE expression influences the behavioral toxicity of HZE particle radiation and suggest that apoE plays a role in the repair/recovery from radiation injury of the CNS. ApoE deficiency may exacerbate the previously reported effects of HZE particle radiation in accelerating the brain aging process.

Non-NASA Center↗
DOE OSTI2021

Influence of Charge Fraction on the Phase Behavior of Symmetric Single-Ion Conducting Diblock Copolymers

A series of symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-block-polystyrene (PsOEGMA-PS) diblock copolymers were synthesized as a model system to probe the effect of charge fraction on the phase behavior of charged-neutral single-ion conducting diblock copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that increasing the charge fraction does not alter the ordered phase morphology (lamellar) but increases the order–disorder transition temperature (T ODT ) significantly. Additionally, the effective Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ eff ) was found to increase linearly with the charge fraction, similar to the case of conventional salt-doped diblock copolymers. This indicates that the effect of counterion solvation, attributed to the significant mismatch between the dielectric constant of each block, provides the dominant effect in tuning the phase behavior of this charged diblock copolymer. Lastly, we therefore infer that electrostatic cohesion (local charge ordering induced by Coulombic interactions), which is predicted to suppress microphase separation and lead to asymmetric phase diagrams, only plays a minor role in this model system.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Underlying Data for the EVI-RoadTrip Web Tool

The dataset contains simulation-based charging infrastructure outputs that are visualized on the EVI-RoadTrip webtool. The outputs are aggregated to lower spatial resolution (e.g., state-level, corridor-level).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Load Profiles Data for the EVI-RoadTrip Web Tool

The dataset contains EVI-RoadTrip outputs, minute-by-minute load profiles in kW for each station in the simulation based on assumed utilization and network density. The load profiles are aggregated to lower spatial resolution (e.g., state-level, corridor-level) by summation of all station loads associated with the respective geography. This results in a load profile for each scenario that summarizes the corridor's, state's, or county's load profile in minute-level resolution.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

EVI-X Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Toolbox

The Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Toolbox offers resources for estimating charging infrastructure needs and associated electrical demands based on user-defined electric vehicle adoption scenarios. For more information and additional resources, see the full EVI-X modeling suite of electric vehicle charging infrastructure analysis tools.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Workplace Charging Data Collection and Behavior

This paper is a partner to the actual data being released. The data gathered and maintained by NREL tracks over 300 vehicles during the course of a 4-year period and how they behave in a workplace charging capacity. The data is further enriched by examining the effect of free charging versus paid charging. There is also a distinction in data marked by the onset of Covid-19. Vehicles are owned and operated by employees and range from smaller pack PHEV to larger pack BEVs.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Titanium Carbide MXene Shows an Electrochemical Anomaly in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes

Identifying and understanding charge storage mechanisms is important for advancing energy storage. Well-separated peaks in cyclic voltammograms (CVs) are considered key indicators of diffusion-controlled electrochemical processes with distinct Faradaic charge transfer. Herein, we report on an electrochemical system with separated CV peaks, accompanied by surface-controlled partial charge transfer, in 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene in water-in-salt electrolytes. The process involves the insertion/desertion of desolvation-free cations, leading to an abrupt change of the interlayer spacing between MXene sheets. This unusual behavior increases charge storage at positive potentials, thereby increasing the amount of energy stored. This also demonstrates opportunities for the development of high-rate aqueous energy storage devices and electrochemical actuators using safe and inexpensive aqueous electrolytes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Unraveling the hysteretic behavior at double cations-double halides perovskite - electrode interfaces

Despite over a decade of research on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) in the context of photovoltaic applications, understanding the nature of electronic and ionic processes associated with current-voltage (I-V) hysteretic behavior has been limited. Here, we explore the hysteretic behavior in (FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 perovskite devices with lateral Cr electrodes by applying first order reversal curve (FORC) bias waveform in I-V, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, and in-situ chemical imaging by time-resolved time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (tr-ToF-SIMS). In dark, we reveal pronounced hysteretic behaviors of charge dynamics in the off-field by probing time-dependent current and contact potential difference (CPD). Under illumination, transient and hysteretic behaviors are significantly reduced. The tr-ToF-SIMS results reveal that the hysteretic behaviors are strongly associated with accumulation of Br- ions at the interfaces. In addition, the low mobility MA + ions result in transient behavior and contribute to the hysteretic phenomena. It was shown that Pb 2+ ions can be reduced at the interfaces due to electrochemical reactions with the electrode in the presence of charge injection and photogenerated charges. Furthermore, these hysteretic behaviors associated with charge dynamics, ion migration, and interfacial electrochemical reaction are critical to further improve the performance and stability of MHPs photovoltaics and optoelectronics.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Charge order driven multiferroic behavior in Sr 4 Fe 6 O 12 : An ab-initio study

Here, in this paper, we report the structural, electronic, and ferroelectric properties of the layered mixed-valent transition-metal compound Sr 4 ⁢ Fe 6 ⁢O 12 (SFO). We demonstrate how SFO undergoes a phase transition from a high-temperature (𝑇) centrosymmetric tetragonal phase (𝑃⁢4 2 /𝑚⁢𝑛⁢𝑚) to a low-𝑇 polar orthorhombic phase (𝑃⁢𝑚⁢𝑛⁢2 1 ). The transition is primarily driven by charge ordering at tetrahedral Fe-layer creating Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ cations between two edge-sharing tetrahedra. This charge ordering induces electronic polarization, which is remarkably larger (3.5 times) in magnitude than ionic polarization and oppositely directed, giving a net polarization of 0.05 C/m 2 which is comparable to the state-of-the-art rare-earth nickelets and manganite perovskites. The direction of structural distortion, governed by the polar mode irrep $Γ^−_5$, depends sensitively on the type of magnetic ordering in the Fe-octahedral layer. Consequently, both the ionic and electronic polarization directions are influenced by magnetic ordering, suggesting the potential for multiferroic behavior with strong magnetoelectric coupling in this material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effects of Six Sequential Charged Particle Beams on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance in B6D2F1 Female and Male Mice

The radiation environment astronauts are exposed to in deep space includes galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) with different proportions of all naturally occurring ions. To assist NASA with assessment of risk to the brain following exposure to a mixture of ions broadly representative of the GCR, we assessed the behavioral and cognitive performance of female and male C57BL/6J × DBA2/J F1 (B6D2F1) mice two months following rapidly delivered, sequential 6 beam irradiation with protons (1 GeV, LET = 0.24 keV, 50%), 4 He ions (250 MeV/n, LET = 1.6 keV/μm, 20%), 16 O ions (250 MeV/n, LET = 25 keV/μm 7.5%), 28 Si ions (263 MeV/n, LET = 78 keV/μm, 7.5%), 48Ti ions (1 GeV/n, LET = 107 keV/μm, 7.5%), and 56 Fe ions (1 GeV/n, LET = 151 keV/μm, 7.5%) at 0, 25, 50, or 200 cGy) at 4–6 months of age. When the activity over 3 days of open field habituation was analyzed in female mice, those irradiated with 50 cGy moved less and spent less time in the center than sham-irradiated mice. Sham-irradiated female mice and those irradiated with 25 cGy showed object recognition. However, female mice exposed to 50 or 200 cGy did not show object recognition. When fear memory was assessed in passive avoidance tests, sham-irradiated mice and mice irradiated with 25 cGy showed memory retention while mice exposed to 50 or 200 cGy did not. The effects of radiation passive avoidance memory retention were not sex-dependent. There was no effect of radiation on depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. There was a trend toward an effect of radiation on BDNF levels in the cortex of males, but not for females, with higher levels in male mice irradiated with 50 cGy than sham-irradiated. Finally, sequential 6-ion irradiation impacted the composition of the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent fashion. Taxa were uncovered whose relative abundance in the gut was associated with the radiation dose received. Thus, exposure to sequential six-beam irradiation significantly affects behavioral and cognitive performance and the gut microbiome.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mitigation of the Brighter-fatter Effect in the LSST Camera

Abstract Thick, fully depleted charge-coupled devices are known to exhibit nonlinear behavior at high signal levels due to the dynamic behavior of charges collecting in the potential wells of pixels, called the brighter-fatter effect (BFE). The effect results in distorted images of bright calibration stars, creating a flux-dependent point-spread function that if left unmitigated, could make up a large fraction of the error budget in Stage IV weak-lensing (WL) surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). In this paper, we analyze image measurements of flat fields and artificial stars taken at different illumination levels with the LSST Camera (LSSTCam) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in order to quantify this effect in the LSSTCam before and after a previously introduced correction technique. We observe that the BFE evolves anisotropically as a function of flux due to higher-order BFEs, which violates the fundamental assumption of this correction method. We then introduce a new method based on a physically motivated model to account for these higher-order terms in the correction, and then we test the modified correction on both data sets. We find that the new method corrects the effect in flat fields better than it corrects the effect in artificial stars, which we suggest is the result of sub-pixel physics not included in this correction model. We use these results to define a new metric for the full-well capacity of our sensors and advise image processing strategies to further limit the impact of the effect on LSST WL science pathways.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1991

The effect of porosity and gamma-gamma' eutectic content on the low cycle fatigue behavior of hydrogen-charged PWA-1480

Single crystal superalloys such as PWA 1480 are considered for turbopump blades in the main engines of the space shuttle. As fatigue resistance in a hydrogen environment is a key issue in this application, a study of the effect of porosity and gamma-gamma' eutectic content on the fatigue life of a hydrogen-charged PWA 1480 was performed. Porosity and eutectic were linked to fatigue initiation, and therefore reduction of either of both may be one means to improve fatigue life of PWA 1480 when hydrogen is present.

Gayda, John↗
DOE OSTI2024

Charging, aggregation, and electrostatic dispersion of radioactive and nonradioactive particles in the atmosphere

Electrostatic dispersion can significantly impact the microphysical behavior of charged particles and ions until reaching zero space charge. However, although radioactive particles can be strongly charged in air, the influence of electrostatic dispersion has been neglected in understanding their behavior. This study is aimed at investigating the time evolution of the charge and size distributions of radioactive and nonradioactive particles in air and developing simple approaches for applications. With processes involving charging, aggregation, and electrostatic dispersion, a comprehensive population balance model (PBM) has been developed to examine particle charge/size distribution dynamics. It is shown that compared to nonradioactive particles, the charge and size distributions of radioactive particles may evolve differently with time because radioactivity and electrostatic dispersion can significantly affect the charging and aggregation kinetics of the particles. It is found that, after the Fukushima accident, background aerosols in the pathway of radioactive plumes might be highly charged due to ionizing radiation, suggesting that radiation fields may strongly influence in situ measurements of charged atmospheric particles. The comprehensive PBM is simplified, and then the verification and application of the simplified PBMs are discussed. This study provides useful insight into how radioactivity can affect the dynamic behavior of particles in atmospheric systems including radiation sources.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

From n- to p-type material: Effect of Metal Ion on Charge Transport in Metal-Organic Materials

An intriguing new class of two-dimensional (2D) materials based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently been developed that displays electrical conductivity, a rarity among these nanoporous materials. The emergence of conducting MOFs raises questions about their fundamental electronic properties, but few studies exist in this regard. Here, we present an integrated theory and experimental investigation to probe the effects of metal substitution on the charge transport properties of M-HITP, where M = Ni or Pt and HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene. The results show that the identity of the M-HITP majority charge carrier can be changed without intentional introduction of electronically active dopants. We observe that the selection of the metal ion substantially affects charge transport. Using the known structure, Ni-HITP, we synthesized a new amorphous material, a-Pt-HITP, which although amorphous is nevertheless found to be porous upon desolvation. Importantly, this new material exhibits p-type charge transport behavior, unlike Ni-HITP, which displays n-type charge transport. These results demonstrate that both p- and n-type materials can be achieved within the same MOF topology through appropriate choice of the metal ion.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗