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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
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DOE OSTI2020

Cosmic birefringence test of the Hubble tension

A cosmic pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson has been proposed to resolve the four-sigma discrepancy between precision measurements of the expansion rate of the universe. We show this solution may also produce a cosmic birefringence (CB) signal in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB); observations of the CB power spectrum and cross-correlation with the CMB can independently confirm the presence of this new boson. In this work, we find significant new contributions to the CB signal, and show that future CMB experiments will greatly improve sensitivity to CB and Hubble tension scenarios.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Topological insulators and topological nonlinear {sigma} models

In this paper we link the physics of topological nonlinear {sigma} models with that of Chern-Simons insulators. We show that corresponding to every 2n-dimensional Chern-Simons insulator there is a (n-1)-dimensional topological nonlinear {sigma} model with the Wess-Zumino-Witten term. Breaking internal symmetry in these nonlinear {sigma} models leads to nonlinear {sigma} models with the {theta} term. [This is analogous to the dimension reduction leading from 2n-dimensional Chern-Simons insulators to (2n-1) and (2n-2)-dimensional topological insulators protected by discrete symmetries.] The correspondence described in this paper allows one to derive the topological term in a theory involving fermions and order parameters (we shall referred to them as ''fermion-{sigma} models'') when the conventional gradient-expansion method fails. We also discuss the quantum number of solitons in topological nonlinear {sigma} model and the electromagnetic action of the (2n-1)-dimensional topological insulators. Throughout the paper we use a simple model to illustrate how things work.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The Lorentz anomaly via operator product expansion

The emergence of a critical dimension is one of the most striking features of string theory. One way to obtain it is by demanding closure of the Lorentz algebra in the light-cone gauge quantisation, as discovered for bosonic strings more than forty years ago. We give a detailed derivation of this classical result based on the operator product expansion on the Lorentzian world-sheet.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Induced gravity and the attractor dynamics of dark energy/dark matter

Attractor solutions that give dynamical reasons for dark energy to act like the cosmological constant, or behavior close to it, are interesting possibilities to explain cosmic acceleration. Coupling the scalar field to matter or to gravity enlarges the dynamical behavior; we consider both couplings together, which can ameliorate some problems for each individually. Such theories have also been proposed in a Higgs-like fashion to induce gravity and unify dark energy and dark matter origins. We explore restrictions on such theories due to their dynamical behavior compared to observations of the cosmic expansion. Quartic potentials in particular have viable stability properties and asymptotically approach general relativity.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Photon impact factor in the next-to-leading order

An analytic coordinate-space expression for the next-to-leading order photon impact factor for small-x deep inelastic scattering is calculated using the operator expansion in Wilson lines.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Hadronic production of W and Z bosons at large transverse momentum

We propose a modified factorization formalism in quantum chromodynamics for hadronic production of W and Z bosons at large transverse momentum p T . When p T is much larger than the invariant mass Q of the vector boson, this new factorization formalism systematically resums the large fragmentation logarithms, α s m ln m ( p T 2 / Q 2 ) , to all orders in the strong coupling α s . Using our modified factorization formalism, we present the next-to-leading-order (NLO) predictions for W and Z boson production at high p T at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and at a future 100 TeV proton-proton collider. Our NLO results are about 5% larger in normalization, and they reflect improved convergence and moderate reduction of the scale variation compared to the NLO predictions derived in a conventional fixed-order perturbative expansion.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Bethe-Salpeter equation for doubly heavy baryons in the covariant instantaneous approximation

In the heavy quark limit, a doubly heavy baryon is regarded as composed of a heavy diquark and a light quark. We establish the Bethe-Salpeter equations for the heavy diquarks and the doubly heavy baryons, respectively, to leading order in a 1/m{sub Q} expansion. The Bethe-Salpeter equations are solved numerically under the covariant instantaneous approximation with the kernels containing scalar confinement and one-gluon-exchange terms. The masses for the heavy diquarks and the doubly heavy baryons are obtained, and the nonleptonic decay widths for the doubly heavy baryons emitting a pseudoscalar meson are calculated within the model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Approaching scalable VQE of interacting bosons with NISQ devices [Slides]

Scaling up variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms to practical applications utilizing quantum advantage with noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is challenging. The expansive cost-function evaluation and demanding optimization quickly exhaust the precious quantum resource available on NISQ devices. In this work, we discuss the appropriate VQE strategy suitable for multi-site interacting boson systems, for example, the Holstein model and the Rabi lattice model. We investigate the cost-function setup and the optimization tactics to utilize the limited quantum resource efficiently. Our strategy illustrates that the scalable VQE algorithms of interacting bosons have a promising future.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Supersymmetric formulation of polytropic gas dynamics and its invariant solutions

In this paper, a supersymmetric extension of the polytropic gas dynamics equations is constructed through the use of a superspace involving two independent fermionic variables and two bosonic superfields. A superalgebra of symmetries of the proposed extended model is determined and a systematic classification of the one-dimensional subalgebras of this superalgebra is performed. Through the use of the symmetry reduction method, a number of invariant solutions of the supersymmetric polytropic gas dynamics equations are found. Several types of solutions are obtained including algebraic-type solutions and propagation waves (simple and double waves). Many of the obtained solutions involve arbitrary functions of one or two bosonic or fermionic variables. In the case where the arbitrary functions involve only the independent fermionic variables, the solutions are expressed in terms of Taylor expansions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Real corrections to Higgs boson pair production at NNLO in the large top quark mass limit

In this paper we consider the next-to-next-to-leading order total cross section of Higgs boson pair production in the large top quark mass limit and compute four expansion terms in 1 $ {m}_t^2 $ . To this end, we analytically compute the real-virtual and double-real contributions to the total cross section and combine them with the existing virtual contribution. Good convergence is observed below the top quark threshold, which makes our results a valuable input for approximation methods which aim for next-to-next-to-leading order corrections over the whole kinematic range. We present details on various steps of our calculation; in particular, we provide results for three- and four-particle phase-space master integrals and describe in detail the evaluation of the collinear counterterms.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Pole skipping in holographic theories with gauge and fermionic fields

Abstract Using covariant expansions, recent work showed that pole skipping happens in general holographic theories with bosonic fields at frequencies i(l b −s)2πT, wherel b is the highest integer spin in the theory andstakes all positive integer values. We revisit this formalism in theories with gauge symmetry and upgrade the pole-skipping condition so that it works without having to remove the gauge redundancy. We also extend the formalism by incorporating fermions with general spins and interactions and show that their presence generally leads to a separate tower of pole-skipping points at frequencies i(l f −s)2πT,l f being the highest half-integer spin in the theory andsagain taking all positive integer values. We also demonstrate the practical value of this formalism using a selection of examples with spins 0,$$ \frac{1}{2} $$ 1 2 ,1,$$ \frac{3}{2} $$ 3 2 ,2.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Weak bosons as partons below 10 TeV partonic center-of-momentum

We investigate the modeling of weak boson number densities for leptons and hadrons in practical calculations in the Standard Model. Working in the framework of the Effective $W$ Approximation (EWA) and in $R_\xi$ and axial gauges, we derive the unrenormalized, tree-level parton number density functions for weak bosons from massless leptons at next-to-leading power in the collinear expansion. Corrections exhibit a number of properties, including those conjectured but never universally derived. Parallels with heavy quark factorization are also found. We avoid pathologies through a novel set of kinematical consistency conditions. When satisfied, good agreement between the full and approximated matrix elements is achieved. Findings suggest that the EWA may be testable at the Large Hadron Collider with $450$ fb$^{-1}$ luminosity of same-sign $WW$ scattering data at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Asymptotic safety: A simple example

We use the Gross-Neveu model in 2<d<4 as a simple fermionic example for Weinberg's asymptotic safety scenario: despite being perturbatively nonrenormalizable, the model defines an interacting quantum field theory being valid to arbitrarily high momentum scales owing to the existence of a non-Gaussian fixed point. Using the functional renormalization group, we study the uv behavior of the model in both the purely fermionic as well as a partially bosonized language. We show that asymptotic safety is realized at non-Gaussian fixed points in both formulations, the universal critical exponents of which we determine quantitatively. The partially bosonized formulation allows to make contact to the large-N{sub f} expansion where the model is known to be renormalizable to all orders. In this limit, the fixed-point action as well as all universal critical exponents can be computed analytically. As asymptotic safety has become an important scenario for quantizing gravity, our description of a well-understood model is meant to provide for an easily accessible and controllable example of modern nonperturbative quantum field theory.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Numerically exact generalized Green's function cluster expansions for electron-phonon problems

We generalize the family of approximate momentum average methods to formulate a numerically exact, convergent hierarchy of equations whose solution provides an efficient algorithm to compute the Green's function of a particle dressed by bosons suitable in the entire parameter regime. We use this approach to extract ground-state properties and spectral functions. Our approximation-free framework, dubbed the generalized Green's function cluster expansion (GGCE), allows access to exact numerical results in the extreme adiabatic limit, where many standard methods struggle or completely fail. We showcase the performance of the method, specializing three important models of charge-boson coupling in solids and molecular complexes: the molecular Holstein model, which describes coupling between charge density and local distortions, the Peierls model, which describes modulation of charge hopping due to intersite distortions, and a more complex Holstein + Peierls system with couplings to two different phonon modes, paradigmatic of charge-lattice interactions in organic crystals. Furthermore, the GGCE serves as an efficient approach that can be systematically extended to different physical scenarios, thus providing a tool to model the frequency dependence of dressed particles in realistic settings.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Effective string theory and QCD scattering amplitudes

QCD string is formed at distances larger than the confinement scale and can be described by the Polchinski-Strominger effective string theory with a nonpolynomial action, which has nevertheless a well-defined semiclassical expansion around a long-string ground state. We utilize modern ideas about the Wilson-loop/scattering-amplitude duality to calculate scattering amplitudes and show that the expansion parameter in the effective string theory is small in the Regge kinematical regime. For the amplitudes we obtain the Regge behavior with a linear trajectory of the intercept (d-2)/24 in d dimensions, which is computed semiclassically as a momentum-space Luescher term, and discuss an application to meson scattering amplitudes in QCD.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Schwinger-Dyson equations in large-N quantum field theories and nonlinear random processes

We propose a stochastic method for solving Schwinger-Dyson equations in large-N quantum field theories. Expectation values of single-trace operators are sampled by stationary probability distributions of the so-called nonlinear random processes. The set of all the histories of such processes corresponds to the set of all planar diagrams in the perturbative expansions of the expectation values of singlet operators. We illustrate the method on examples of the matrix-valued scalar field theory and the Weingarten model of random planar surfaces on the lattice. For theories with compact field variables, such as sigma models or non-Abelian lattice gauge theories, the method does not converge in the physically most interesting weak-coupling limit. In this case one can absorb the divergences into a self-consistent redefinition of expansion parameters. A stochastic solution of the self-consistency conditions can be implemented as a 'memory' of the random process, so that some parameters of the process are estimated from its previous history. We illustrate this idea on the two-dimensional O(N) sigma model. The extension to non-Abelian lattice gauge theories is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Unified theory of hastatic order and antiferromagnetism in URu 2 Si 2

The hidden-order phase of URu 2 Si 2 has eluded identification for over 35 years. A compelling proposal that explains the Ising heavy-fermion nature of the material is hastatic order: a symmetry-breaking heavy Fermi liquid arising from a spinorial microscopic hybridization. The original hastatic proposal cannot microscopically model the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic phase; and while it predicts a spinorial order parameter, it does not provide any detectable signatures of the spinorial nature. Here, we present a more realistic microscopic model of hastatic order in URu 2 Si 2 based on two conducting electron bands and explore its phase diagram in detail. Our model nontrivially preserves the Ising heavy-fermion physics of the original, while allowing us to tune between the antiferromagnet and hidden order using pressure analogs and magnetic field. Furthermore, our model is also consistent with recent phenomenological predictions of not one, but two, vector order parameters associated with the spinorial order that provide the first microscopic predictions for detecting the spinorial nature.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗