Electron impact cross sections for CO sub 2
Carbon dioxide electron impact cross sections, analyzing discrete excitation, autoionization, direct and dissociative ionization and use to aeronomy
Green, A. E. S.↗
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Results for “Aeronomy”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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The United States sounding rocket program
The United States sounding rocket program is discussed. The program is concerned with the fields of solar physics, galactic astronomy, fields and particles, ionospheric physics, aeronomy, and meteorology. Sounding rockets are described with respect to propulsion systems, gross weight, and capabilities. Instruments used to conduct ionospheric probing missions are examined. Results of previously conducted sounding rocket missions are included.
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Space and planetary environment criteria guidelines for use in space vehicle development, 1971 revision
A consolidation of natural environment data is presented for use as design criteria guidelines in space and planetary exploration vehicle development programs. In addition to information in the disciplinary areas of aeronomy, radiation, geomagnetism, astrodynamic constants, and meteoroids for the earth's environment above 90 kilometers, interplanetary space, and the planetary environments, the upper atmosphere model currently recommended for use at MSFC is discussed in detail.
Smith, R. E.↗
Upper atmospheric spectroscopy
Atomic physics is so intimately entwined with planetary aeronomy that progress in this geophysical-astronomical discipline is dependent in large measure upon progress in certain phases of atomic physics. The interdependence is illustrated by a discussion of photon, electron, and proton stimulation of the dayglow and the aurora. Calculations are given for the excitation of various states in N2, O2, and O as a result of electron energy degradation, assuming a gas mixture appropriate to 120 km. Emphasis is given to the O2(a 1 Delta g) 1.27 micron emission and to the low energy region in areas where many competing mechanisms enhance or inhibit certain spectral emissions.
Green, A. E. S.↗
Laboratory studies on the excitation and collisional deactivation of metastable atoms and molecules in the aurora and airglow
The aeronomy group at the University of Pittsburgh is actively engaged in a series of coordinated satellite, sounding rocket, and laboratory studies designed to expand and clarify knowledge of the physics and chemistry of planetary atmospheres. Three major discoveries have been made that will lead ultimately to a complete and dramatic revision of our ideas on the ionospheres of Mars, Venus, and the Earth and on the origin of their vacuum ultraviolet airglows. The results have already suggested a new generation of ionosphere studies which probably can be carried out best by laser heterodyning techniques. Laboratory studies have also identified, for the first time, the physical mechanism responsible for the remarkable nitric oxide buildup observed in some auroral arcs. This development is an important break-through in auroral physics, and has military ramifications of considerable interest to the Department of Defense. This work may also shed some light on related NO and atomic nitrogen problems in the mesosphere.
Zipf, E. C.↗
Report on active and planned spacecraft and experiments
Information dealing with active and planned spacecraft and experiments known to the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is presented. Included is information concerning a wide range of disciplines: astronomy, earth sciences, meteorology, planetary sciences, aeronomy, particles and fields, solar physics, life sciences, and material sciences. These spacecraft represent the efforts and funding of individual countries, as well as cooperative arrangements among different countries.
Brecht, J. J.↗
Pioneer Mars 1979 mission options
Two mission concepts utilizing modified Pioneer Venus hardware are presented as relatively low-cost alternatives for scientific exploration of Mars in 1979. Mission A would perform in situ aeronomy measurements in the Martian ionosphere and include several remote sensing instruments capable of geological surface mapping at low altitudes. The initial high eccentricity orbit would be allowed to decay in an adaptive mode. Mission B would sequentially deploy (from an orbiter bus), four, nondestructing surface penetrometers carrying instrumentation to investigate soil density, composition and chemistry, subsurface water, and perhaps seismology. Mission B is more expensive than mission A, since it requires more extensive hardware modifications and systems development.
Niehoff, J. C.↗
The 1975 report on active and planned spacecraft and experiments
Information is presented on current and planned spacecraft activity for various disciplines: astronomy, earth sciences, meteorology, planetary sciences, aeronomy, solar physics, and life sciences. For active orbiting spacecraft, the epoch date, orbit type, orbit period, apoasis, periapsis, and inclination are given along with the spacecraft weight, launch date, launch site, launch vehicle, and sponsoring agency. For each planned orbiting spacecraft, the orbit parameters, planned launch date, launch site, launch vehicle, spacecraft weight, and sponsoring agency are given.
Horowitz, R.↗
Studies of the differential absorption rocket experiment
Investigations of the ionosphere, in the rocket program of the Aeronomy Laboratory, include a propagation experiment, the data from which may be analyzed in several modes. This report considers in detail the differential absorption experiment. The sources of error and limitations of sensitivity are discussed. Methods of enhancing the performance of the experiment are described. Some changes have been made in the system and the improvement demonstrated. Suggestions are made for further development of the experiment.
Ginther, J. C.↗
The Atmosphere Explorer spacecraft system
The Atmosphere Explorer Spacecraft incorporates an orbiting aeronomy laboratory designed to operate in the lower thermosphere. A three-axis stabilized platform capable of operating over a wide range of orbital altitudes, inclinations, solar aspect angles, and spin rates satisfies the science requirements for instrument orientation. An on-board propulsion subsystem allows operations at low-perigee altitudes without severe limitation of orbital lifetime. Programmable high-speed digital command and data handling, together with power supplied by solar cells and batteries, allows the spacecraft to be operated remotely in daylight or darkness. This configuration of spacecraft support subsystems fulfills the requirements for the various phases of the scientific mission.
De Bastos, R.↗
Catalog of ionospheric and atmospheric data
Available data from planetary atmospheres and ionospheric physics (aeronomy) are announced. Most of the data sets identified result from individual experiments carried on board various spacecraft. A spacecraft Automated Internal Management File and a Nonsatellite Data File are utilized to maintain information on these data. Photoreduced reports produced by these information files are presented. A variety of user oriented indexes are included.
Liles, J. N.↗
Rarefied gas dynamic effects on mass spectrometric studies of upper planetary atmospheres
Results are presented of measurements obtained with an open-source mass spectrometer both in earth orbit and in a laboratory molecular beam facility. The mass spectrometer/ion source combination was developed in the laboratory to be operable in either of two modes by altering ion extraction potential on ground command, i.e., as a stagnation cavity or to respond only to the incoming molecules of the unperturbed atmosphere. Results indicate that the use of this open-source configuration and dual-mode capability, allied with both standard static calibration and dynamic calibration using high-speed molecular beam techniques in the laboratory, allows collection of useful data on aeronomy of the upper atmosphere of planets and comet tails.
French, J. B.↗
Venus' night side ionosphere - Its origin and maintenance
A substantial nightside ionosphere has been observed on Venus by both Mariner 5 and Mariner 10. Major dayside ionic species such as O2(+) and other molecular ions have chemical lifetimes much shorter than the 244.3-day rotation period of the planet. Rapid transport of ions from the dayside to the nightside to the extent required seems most unlikely. Consequently, possibilities are investigated for local production of ions on the nightside itself. Constraints imposed by chemical lifetimes require atomic ions with low ionization potentials. It is suggested that metallic ions of meteoric origin are the positive charge carriers, and the plausibility of this mechanism is demonstrated. Other possibilities are examined and shown to be less likely. Meteor ablation on Venus, the aeronomy of metallic species, and the role of negative ions near the electron peaks of the atmosphere are discussed.
Butler, D. M.↗
Report on active and planned spacecraft and experiments
Information concerning active and planned spacecraft and experiments is reported. The information includes a wide range of disciplines: astronomy, earth sciences, meteorology, planetary sciences, aeronomy, particles and fields, solar physics, life sciences, and material sciences. These spacecraft projects represent the efforts and funding of individual countries as well as cooperative arrangements among different countries.
Vette, J. I.↗
The LPSP instrument on OSO 8. II - In-flight performance and preliminary results
The paper describes the in-flight performance for the first 18 months of operation of the LPSP (Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Planetaire) instrument incorporated in the OSO 8 launched June 1975. By means of the instrument, an absolute pointing accuracy of nearly one second was achieved in orbit during real-time operations. The instrument uses a Cassegrain telescope and a spectrometer simultaneously observing six wavelengths. In-flight performance is discussed with attention to angular resolution, spectral resolution, dispersion and grating mechanism (spectral scanner) stability, scattered light background and dark current, photometric standardization, and absolute calibration. Real-time operation and problems are considered with reference to pointing system problems, target acquisition, and L-alpha modulation. Preliminary results involving the observational program, quiet sun and chromospheric studies, quiet chromospheric oscillation and transients, sunspots and active regions, prominences, and aeronomy investigations are reported.
Bonnet, R. M.↗
Center and limb solar spectrum in high spectral resolution 225.2 nm to 319.6 nm
The atlas has been designed to fulfill the need in solar and stellar astronomy, in aeronomy, and in space science for a convenient reference source that provides a detailed and accurate record of the measured solar ultraviolet spectrum in high spectral resolution for the wavelength range from 225.2 nm to 319.6 nm. The atlas also contains a preliminary synthetic solar spectrum with a legend for identifying and describing the features of the synthetic spectrum. Attention is given to aspects of instrumentation, the radiometric calibration, the wavelength scale, background noise random fluctuations and data filtering, intermittent noise, the observational conditions, the experimental uncertainty, the atlas format, references, tables, and plots.
Kohl, J. L.↗
Report on active and planned spacecraft and experiments
Information is presented, concerning active and planned spacecraft and experiments known to the National Space Science Data Center. The information included a wide range of disciplines: astronomy, earth sciences, meteorology, planetary sciences, aeronomy, particles and fields, solar physics, life sciences, and material sciences. These spacecraft projects represented the efforts and funding of individual countries as well as cooperative arrangements among different countries.
Vette, J. I.↗
Report on monitoring and support instruments for solar physics research from Spacelab
The Quick Reaction and Special Purpose Facility Definition Team for Solar Physics Spacelab Payloads examined a variety of instruments to fulfill the following functions: (1) solar physics research appropriate to Spacelab, (2) correlative data for research in such fields as aeronomy, magnetospheric physics, ionospheric physics, meteorology and climatology, (3) target selection for activity alert monitoring and (4) pointing accuracy monitoring of Spacelab platforms. In this examination the team accepted a number of restrictions and qualifications: (1) the cost of such instruments must be low, so as not to adversely impact the development of new, research class instrumentation in the early Spacelab era; (2) the instruments should be of such a size that they each would occupy a small fraction of a pointing system, and (3) the weight and power consumption of the instruments should also be small. With these restrictions, the instruments chosen are: the visible light telescope and magnetograph, the extreme-ultraviolet telescope, and the solar irradiance monitor.
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