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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 109 records · Page 6
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

The Influence of Cr-Additives on the Polarization Resistance of Praseodymium-Doped Ceria Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

While Cr poisoning of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at SOFC cathodes is widely agreed to involve deactivation of oxygen exchange sites, the degradation mechanism remains ambiguous. Here, we selected an alternative cathode material Pr 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2− δ , free of Sr segregation, to systematically investigate the effect of Cr-induced degradation in ORR. We expand on our previous studies in which the acidity/basicity of binary additives was found to be a strong indicator of the rate of oxygen surface exchange, by electrochemically investigating the ORR activity of the PCO cathode by impedance spectroscopy. Serial infiltration with acidic Cr-based oxides was found to degrade ORR activity as reflected in a 20-fold increase in area specific resistance (ASR) without corresponding changes in activation energy, with the opposite trend obtained with Ca-based oxides. Detected changes in total capacitance, attributed to changes in surface capacitance, also suggest depressed/enhanced PCO surface redox behavior with Cr/Ca-based infiltrants. Taken together, these results point to a more universal source of ORR poisoning/activation, based on acidity/basicity, rather than physical blocking of active sites. With this improved understanding, one can expect progress to be made in the coming years in optimizing means for protecting catalytic surfaces from degradation and/or improving their performance.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Adverse Effects of Trace Non-polar Binder on Ion Transport in Free-standing Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Separators

Sulfide solid-state electrolyte (SE) possesses high room-temperature ionic conductivity. However, fabrication of the free-standing, sheet-type thin sulfide SE film electrolyte to enable all-solid-state batteries to deliver high energy and power density remains challenging. Herein we show that argyrodite sulfide (Li 6 PS 5 Cl) SE can be slurry cast to form free-standing films with low (≤5 wt%) loadings of poly(isobutylene) (PIB) binder. Two factors contribute to a lower areal specific resistance (ASR) of the thin film SEs benchmarked to the pristine powder pellet SSE counterparts: i) 1–2 orders reduced thickness and ii) reasonably comparable ionic conductivity at room temperature after the isostatic pressing process. Nevertheless, an increasing polymer binder loading inevitably introduced voids in the thin film SEs, compromising anode/electrolyte interfacial ion transport. Our findings highlight that electrolyte/electrode interfacial stability, as well as the selection of slurry components, including sulfide SE, binder, and solvent, play essential roles in thin film sulfide electrolyte development.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lightweight Solid Oxide Cell Design for Ammonia-fed SOFC Systems

A lightweight solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was developed by OxEon Energy that demonstrates the potential for increased specific power (kW/g) suitable for the requirements of electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) applications. Fuel flexibility was demonstrated in button cells and stacks using both legacy electrolyte-supported SOFC structure and the lightweight structure. Button cell and stack performance was nearly identical among hydrogen, ammonia, and reformed natural gas. Durability testing shows similarly stable performance in each fuel. A button cell test in ammonia at 800 °C using the lightweight cell structure measured area specific resistance (ASR) of 0.25 Ω-cm2 in H2/N2 and NH3 fuel feeds and showed a peak power density of 0.98 W/ cm2 in NH3 fuel. Short term hold at 0.7 V showed stable performance.

Pike, Jenna↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Succession of Cloud, Precipitation, Aerosol and Air Quality Field Experiments in the Coastal Urban Environment

The interactions and feedbacks among clouds, aerosols, pollutants, and the thermodynamic and kinematic environment remains an area of active research with important implications for our understanding of climate, weather and air quality. These linkages are further complicated in coastal and urban environments where local circulations and anthropogenic influences impact each of these components and their interactions. Within this context, fundamental questions regarding the lifecycle of convective clouds, aerosols and pollutants have brought together a diverse, integrated, and interagency collaboration of scientists to collect and analyze measurements, in the Houston, Texas, area, from the summer of 2021 through the summer of 2022, with subsequent modeling studies to address these important research objectives. Herein, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Facility and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program, the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Physical and Dynamic Meteorology Program, the National Aeronautic and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Tropospheric Composition Research and Health and Air Quality Applied Sciences Programs and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) are collaborating on a joint set of field campaigns to study the interactions of cloud, aerosol, and pollutants within the coastal, urban environment. In the Houston area, onshore flow from the Gulf of Mexico and the associated sea breeze circulation generates numerous isolated convective cells, particularly in the summer months, that interact with a variety of urban and industrial emissions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Understanding Biomass Burning Aerosol via Integrated Analyses of Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Data from DOE Campaigns and ACRF Long Term Measurements

Biomass burning (BB) is one of the largest sources of aerosol particles in the atmosphere and a significant source of trace gases important to atmospheric chemistry. Organic aerosols from biomass burning sources (BBOA) are an important but poorly characterized component of the earth’s climate system. BBOA composition and life cycle processes are associated with enormous complexities and contribute significantly to model uncertainties. Hence it is important to improve the ability to simulate the concentration and properties (chemical, optical, and hygroscopic) of BBOA and the atmospheric aging processes that affect these properties. Here, we propose to analyze ambient data collected from the DOE Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP) field campaign and from a long term measurement site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program – the Southern Great Plains (SGP), where transported BB plumes and elevated BBOA episodes were frequently observed. This project is aimed at 1) gaining detailed, quantitative understanding of the chemical and physical properties of BBOA and their chemical changes during atmospheric aging via advanced analysis of aerosol measurement data acquired at the summit of Mt. Bachelor (MBO) during the BBOP campaign and through integration with concurrent measurements of trace gases, particle properties, and meteorological conditions performed at MBO and from the G-1 aircraft; 2) gaining better understanding of BBOA properties and its roles in radiative forcing via analysis of routine data from the ARM long-term measurement sites; and 3) integrating the results from 1) and 2) into a global database of aerosol mass spectrometry and collaborate with modelers on evaluating and improving numerical model performance as part of the ASR program.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME): Ocean and Sea-Ice Processes

The primary goal of this project was to understand the role of the ocean and sea-ice components in the evolution of the climate in both a high-resolution fully-coupled 1850 preindustrial control and present day transient climate simulations run using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), formerly known as the Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME). Two distinct approaches to the initialization of the present day transients were tested: in the first, an ensemble of three transients used atmospheric reanalysis forced 0.1-degree ocean/sea-ice states, while a fourth transient was branched off the preindustrial control. Biases from the control were inherited by its successor transient, in particular, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at high latitudes were too warm and too much northward meridional heat transport occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean. SSTs in the Northern Hemisphere and Atlantic meridional heat transport increased in the transients initialized from the ocean/sea-ice simulation over a 40-50 year period to largely resemble the transient branched off the control simulation. Excessive absorbed solar radiation (ASR) is considered to be responsible for the SST biases as well as the formation of mode waters in lighter density classes than in reality both in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyre. These mode waters ventilate the thermocline waters to the north of their formation sites explaining the excessive Atlantic meridional heat transport and some of the warming in the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean after multiple decades.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

ARM Mobile Facility Leaving Alaska for U.S. Southeast

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility will soon begin the process of moving its third mobile facility (AMF3) from Alaska to the Southeastern United States. A workshop in August 2018 identified the Southeast as a priority region of interest for further study by ARM. The Southeast is a region with abundant atmospheric convection, yet the land surface, boundary layer, vegetation, and aerosol properties are markedly different from those seen at ARM’s fixed observatory in Oklahoma, allowing opportunities to explore new research questions. To maximize the scientific value of the new site, DOE’s Biological and Environmental Research program selected a site science team that will help guide the move of AMF3. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York will lead the AMF3 relocation effort. Supported by ARM and DOE’s Atmospheric System Research (ASR), the multi-institutional team is responsible for developing a science plan and initial research project for the Southeastern U.S. deployment.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Multi-Instrument Cloud Condensation Nuclei Spectrum Product (Final Technical Report)

A wealth of observational data exists on the characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter, over multiple years, at the DOE ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility site. This site is located in a region of the country that frequently experiences weather extremes, and that is removed from many local sources of pollution but is affected by transported smoke, dust, and urban emissions. The relationships between particulate matter, cloud formation and evolution, and precipitation are therefore of strong interest, and are being explored via modeling on a variety of scales. These models require as input detailed information on the characteristics of particles capable of serving as the nuclei for cloud formation. Sufficient data exist to be able to put together a picture of the nature of the total aerosol and the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) subset, and their variability, through merged data products. This study was aimed at exploiting the multiple measurement types at SGP to develop the first such multi-year estimates. Further, the resulting data were analyzed to understand temporal patterns ranging from hourly to seasonal, thereby gaining insights into the particle sources affecting the atmosphere in this region. DOE-funded datasets that were analyzed in this study include total particle number concentrations, submicron aerosol scattering coefficients, dry aerosol size distributions, and more recently, time-resolved submicron aerosol chemical composition. Data are also available for the number concentrations of particles that are activated in a cloud condensation nucleus instrument at a series of setpoint supersaturations, providing direct observations of the number concentrations of “CCN”. This variable is the quantity that is generally desired for inclusion in numerical models that seek to represent and predict the impacts of varying aerosol characteristics on the formation and microphysical properties of clouds. One limitation of the use of direct CCN observations is that they are not available for supersaturations larger than about 1%, which is insufficient for deep convection and may be insufficient even for shallow convection, depending on the nature of the available CCN and the dynamics of the cloud. We developed a data-based approach to representing the full aerosol size spectrum with size-dependent hygroscopicity, and used this to extrapolate CCN spectra beyond the limited measurements. Five years of SGP aerosol data (2009 -2013) were analyzed. As a side product of our work, we identified and communicated several previously-unflagged data quality issues. The resulting merged aerosol distributions, along with fits for seasonal averages, were published and submitted to the ARM archive as a special value-added product (VAP; submitted as a PI product). CCN spectra were computed for the same data period and will similarly be published and submitted to the archive for use by the community. We also note that our methodologies and findings have been discussed at several Joint ARM User Facility/Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Principal Investigators Meetings and that recent ARM/ASR aerosol data reporting strategies have included similar ideas for data merging, indicating that this work has had a lasting impact on ARM aerosol data acquisition and reporting. The proposed work advances the science of the interactions of aerosols, clouds and precipitation, with direct application to improve representation of such interactions for clouds in regional and global climate models. The archived data will continue to serve research studies in the future.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Assessment of Grizzly Capabilities for Reactor Pressure Vessels and Reinforced Concrete Structures

Over the last several years, capabilities to simulate the progression and effects of degradation in critical structures in light water reactor (LWR) nuclear power plants have been under development in the Grizzly code. Age-related material degradation is important for a number of systems in LWRs, but the main focus for Grizzly development has been on reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) and concrete structures because of their central role and the difficulty of replacement of these structures if they are found to be degraded to an unacceptable degree. The capabilities for analyzing both RPVs and concrete structures in Grizzly have reached a point where the feature sets are sufficiently complete to perform credible analyses of those types of structures. Because of this, the emphasis has shifted from foundational development to assessing the accuracy of these modeling capabilities on representative problems of interest and on improving the physical basis of those models to improve their ability to predict the actual response of those structural systems. This report documents a first set of test cases that have been developed to assess the Grizzly code on real-world problems for these two types of structures. For RPVs, these test cases consist of a set of benchmark problems where Grizzly is compared to another code. For concrete structures, a set of models of experimental specimens designed to characterize the multidimensional swelling response of reinforced concrete members due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) has been developed and compared with experimental results. Both the RPV and concrete test cases developed here are much more computationally intensive than the small regression tests that are used in the testing that Grizzly undergoes every time a proposed set of changes is made to ensure that those changes do not adversely affect previously established behavior. A system for regularly running these large problems to monitor the behavior of the code as it is developed has been instituted. While these test cases generally indicate good comparison with the benchmark results, they also indicate areas where further development is warranted.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluating and Improving Convective Parameterization for GCMs Using ARM Observations. Final report

This technical report summarizes the achievements during the project period funded by the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program. The general goal of the project is to improve the representation of atmospheric deep convection in global climate models. By using DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program observations and a hierarchy of models from cloud-resolving to global climate models, we evaluated and improved many aspects of convection parameterization schemes, such as the trigger function for convection and closure condition to determine the amount of convection. We also incorporated the stochasticity of convection into a convection scheme. These improvements, when implemented into the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the DOE Exascale Energy Earth System Model (E3SM), led to improved simulation of precipitation characteristics, including precipitation intensity, Intertropical Convergence Zone, and Madden-Julian oscillation. The project also improved the representation of microphysical processes in convective clouds. It enables the interaction of cloud microphysics with aerosols in weather and climate models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Ice Nucleating Particles, Aerosols and Clouds over the Higher Latitude Southern Ocean

Improved understanding of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions is a key goal of the DOE-ASR program. Ice Nucleating Particles (INPs) are rare aerosol particles that trigger ice formation in clouds. By doing so they may initiate precipitation in clouds, and this impacts cloud lifetime. Nowhere may the role of INPs be manifested so dramatically as in the Southern Ocean (SO). This vast region was the focus of the DOE-ARM MARCUS (Measurement of Aerosols, Radiation and CloUds over the Southern Oceans) and MICRE (Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment) campaigns. In the SO, a deficit of INPs has been a leading hypothesis for why liquid clouds persist, which underlays the bias of global climate models in predicting excess shortwave radiation reaching the ocean surface between 55°S and Antarctica. In this study, we used the 6-month acquisition of INP data on four MARCUS cruises from Hobart, Tasmania, to Antarctica, and the single-location full annual INP cycle observed in MICRE, to gain a holistic, quantitative picture of the INP number concentrations as a function of temperature and their variability over SO latitudes from 43°S to Antarctica. Augmenting initial processing of filter collections of aerosol particles during MARCUS and MICRE, additional freezing studies following thermal treatment (to removes INPs associated with microbes) and peroxide treatment (to remove all organics), as well as ionic chemistry and total organic carbon analysis, were applied to samples to improve time and space resolution, and differentiate marine from terrestrial contributions. We also performed Next Generation Sequencing to determine that bacterial composition can tag periods of enhanced and degraded marine organic INPs and the relative lack of occurrence of land-sourced bio-particles. Through these and other analyses, INP data were categorized into representative source types (e.g., marine versus terrestrially-influenced). The products of our analyses are being used to parameterize ice formation for use in numerical modeling studies to determine if, and when, ocean-derived INPs control the microphysical composition and radiative balance of SO clouds in a manner not presently captured by global models. The specific objectives and approaches proposed were largely accomplished, including: 1) Additional and value-added chemical and biological analyses of archived samples of aerosols were completed to categorize and quantify INP types and concentrations over the SO. 2) Analyses were completed to place INP data in meteorological and aerosol context. 3) Sea spray aerosol INPs were demonstrated to dominate the SO region in all but episodic events. 4) New parameterizations for INP sources relevant to the SO were constructed. 5) Collaborative modeling studies demonstrating the crucial role of INPs in determining cloud radiative and precipitation properties were conducted with MARCUS and MICRE partners. Collaborative publication submissions in this regard ensued within the two year study. This work will advance the science of interactions of aerosols, clouds and precipitation, to improve their representation in regional and global climate models. Results have informed representation of primary ice crystal nucleation, give inference to the role of secondary processes, and improve investigations of aerosol influences on clouds via ice nucleation over SO high latitudes and similar vast ocean regions. Application will improve representation of such interactions for clouds in both regional and global climate models. The data base and analyses methods applied will continue to serve research studies in the future.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tuning Surface Stoichiometry of SOFC Electrodes at the Molecular and Nano-scale for Enhanced Performance and Durability

This project achieved the following objectives. Different cation segregation behaviors of different common SOFC cathodes, including La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co0.2Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF), Sr 0.5 Sm 0.5 O 3-δ (SSC), and PrBa 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O5 +δ (PBSCF), were determined. We showed how oxygen partial pressure and gas impurities impact the stability of SOFC cathodes. We developed atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating techniques for electrodes and showed that by introducing different elements and different ALD oxidizers, electrode surface chemistry can be altered, resulting in enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics. In addition, we developed solution infiltration technique to enhance performance and durability of electrodes. Different infiltrates as well as different thermal treatment processes were screened to identify the optimal surface modification process that yields both low impedance and high durability. The modified cathode shows excellent stability and has a low area specific resistance (ASR) of only 0.2 Ωcm 2 at 600 °C after over 2000 hours of operation. Further, we developed ceramic anodes, SrFe(Co,Mo)O 3 (SFCM) and SrFe(Ni,Mo)O 3 (SFNM), and enhanced anode oxidation kinetics by solution infiltration or in situ catalyst exsolution from the ceramic anode surface. The modified anodes showed improved performance in full SOFCs, and the optimized anode modification shows high stability for over 400 hours at 550 °C. Moreover, the modified anode also demonstrates high durability in methane. This work provides fundamental understanding of electrode surface chemistry and demonstrates a simple, facile, cost-effective approach to enhance catalytic activity and durability of SOFC electrodes.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assessing the drivers of Isoprene SOA: laboratory studies, field observations and modeling (Final Technical Report)

This report describes the research results and products stemming from the funding award DE-SC0018221. The main goals of this project were to develop a quantitative understanding of the factors driving secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from biogenic volatile organic compounds, namely isoprene and monoterpenes, using a combination of laboratory measurements, field data analysis, and modeling. Specifically, we aimed to: 1) develop an observationally constrained volatility distribution of trace gases produced from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons that can explain the formation of SOA from in situ observations made during DOE ASR/ARM field campaigns such as HI-SCALE and BAECC 2) use new and existing (e.g. DOE ASR funded SOAFFEE experiments) laboratory chamber experiments to develop detailed parameterizations of isoprene-derived epxoy diol (IEPOX) reactive uptake, including product branching, product volatility, and solubility constants, as well as SOA formation generally from the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) formed from isoprene and monoterpene photo-oxidation that can be directly incorporated into models. 3) collaborate with PNNL modeling teams to incorporate new parameterizations into detailed box models, such as MOSAIC, and regional or Earth System models such as WRF.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Boundary Layer Controls on the Shallow-to-Deep Cumulus Transition (Final Technical Report)

This project advanced our understanding of the processes governing cumulus cloud formation and provides an improved observational basis for validating earth system models. To be specific, the project used laser- and radar-remote sensors to examine the physical properties of updrafts that rise from earth’s surface and initiate clouds deeper in the atmosphere. These updrafts comprise “thermals” and “plumes” and occur at small spatial and temporal scales (e.g., 10s of minutes, 100s of meters). These small scales preclude explicit representation in most earth system and climate models, and thus necessitate “sub-grid-scale” parameterization of updraft processes. The innovation of this project was to directly measure the size, shape, strength and water vapor content of these updrafts with Doppler and Raman lidars, respectively, and to link these updraft properties to cloud processes using vertically pointed weather radars. The resulting data sets comprise 100s of thousands of updrafts and thousands of clouds, which far exceeds previous efforts, and thereby provides a robust statistical and physical representation of these processes. From these large datasets the project produced a sequence of scientific analyses that: (1) Elucidate how variations in the turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer control shallow cumulus convection, (2) Quantify the upward transport of water vapor to cloud base via thermals and plumes, (3) Validate large-eddy simulations of updrafts and shallow convective clouds, (4) Demonstrate a size-to-strength relationship between updraft width and updraft speed, and (5) Demonstrate how updrafts interact with the stability at the top of the convective boundary layer to modulate the depth and vigor of convective clouds. These results have been disseminated via several published journal articles, academic theses, and conference presentations. Collectively these results contribute to the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program’s goal to “improve understanding of the key cloud, aerosol, precipitation, and radiation processes that affect the Earth’s radiative balance and hydrological cycle, particularly processes that limit the predictive ability of regional and global earth system models”.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Improving GCM Representation of Convective Cloud Microphysics by Using ARM Raman Lidar and Cloud Radar Observations

The overall objective of this Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) funded project is to improve the representation of convective cloud microphysics in global climate models (GCMs) and check it by comparing the model simulations with observations. We have derived the cloud ice water content by synthesizing ARM Raman lidar (RL) and cloud radar observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. Noting that the simulated anvil clouds in terms of their macro- and micro-physical properties are sensitive to the parameterization of convective microphysical processes, observed ice water content in anvil clouds provides a useful constraint on these parameterizations. We have improved the convective microphysics parameterization scheme by (1) considering sedimentation for cloud ice crystals that do not fall in the original scheme, (2) applying a new terminal velocity parameterization that depends on the environmental conditions for convective snow, (3) adding a new hydrometeor category, “rimed ice,” to the original four-class (cloud liquid, cloud ice, rain, and snow) scheme, and (4) allowing convective clouds to detrain snow particles into stratiform clouds. We have examined the impact of improved convective cloud microphysics parameterization on the simulated global climate from GCM simulations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enhanced Atmospheric Research at the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) (Final Report)

The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was an international scientific expedition into the central Arctic sea ice to study the changing atmosphere-ice-ocean system and its key physical, chemical, and biological processes in a way that will support improved understanding and modeling of Arctic climate. The US Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Research Measurement (ARM) Program operated its second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) as a major contribution to the expedition, and the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program supported this project to maximize the success of DOE’s involvement in MOSAiC. This project has enabled the successful collection of data through support of field operations plans, in-field operational implementation, oversight of real-time data quality, and representing DOE’s interests within the broader international MOSAiC endeavor. The project has promoted scientific research by facilitating and leading a number of efforts to develop value-added products that will support research, including products related to aerosol properties, trace gases, cloud properties, snowfall, the surface energy budget, and a merged product designed for model assessment. These products and related analyses have also contributed to numerous scientific publications on related themes as well as direct model evaluation. Lastly, the project has engaged in a great deal of communication and outreach activities that help to publicize and promote both MOSAiC and DOE’s specific contribution to a broad audience that includes the scientific community, program management, policy makers, and the general public.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Annual Summary Report for the Remote-Handled Low-Level Waste Disposal Facility—FY2021

This Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 annual summary report (ASR) documents the continued adequacy of the performance assessment (PA), the composite analysis (CA) and associated operating disposal-authorization statement (ODAS) technical basis documents for the Remote Handled (RH) Low-Level Waste (LLW) Disposal Facility at Idaho National Laboratory. Annual review of the adequacy of the PA and CA for the RHLLW Disposal Facility ensures that conclusions of the analyses remain valid in accordance with requirements of Department of Energy (DOE) Order 435.1, “Radioactive Waste Management.” In FY 2021, no significant operational changes or other activities occurred that would cause deviation from the assumptions in the PA and CA pertaining to disposal geometry, verification of waste characteristics, tracking disposal inventories against total limits, facility closure design, or institutional controls. Sixteen total waste-canister shipments were received at the RHLLW Disposal Facility, and 16 total waste canisters were emplaced.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multiscale Aerosol Modeling Across Space and Composition (Final Report)

The objective of this project was to harness the capabilities of our unique particle-resolved aerosol model PartMC as an integrating tool between models and measurements across scales. This particle-resolved model explicitly resolves aerosol aging processes that must be approximated in large-scale models, making it ideal for quantifying structural uncertainty and rigorously deriving simplified parameterizations (“coarse graining”) to be used in large-scale models. It also directly connects with laboratory and field measurements at both particle and bulk scales. The significant accomplishments of this project are as follows: 1. Advancing the state of the art in particle-resolved modeling; 2. Connecting modeling with ASR/ARM measurements; 3. Bridging from the process level to aerosol impacts on the global scale; 4. Community engagement through leading and participating in ASR program activities and publishing a review paper on aerosol mixing state that synthesizes experimental and modeling perspectives.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗