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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La2Nd(GaO3)3 by Materials Project

NdLa2(GaO3)3 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Nd3+ sites. In the first Nd3+ site, Nd3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.73 Å. In the second Nd3+ site, Nd3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.74 Å. In the third Nd3+ site, Nd3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.73 Å. In the fourth Nd3+ site, Nd3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.73 Å. There are eight inequivalent La3+ sites. In the first La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.76 Å. In the second La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.76 Å. In the third La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.82 Å. In the fourth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.79 Å. In the fifth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.81 Å. In the sixth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.80 Å. In the seventh La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.81 Å. In the eighth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.80 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–28°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.02 Å. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.03 Å. In the third Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.02 Å. In the fourth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.03 Å. In the fifth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–26°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.03 Å. In the sixth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–26°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.03 Å. In the seventh Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–28°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.03 Å. In the eighth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.02 Å. In the ninth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are three shorter (2.01 Å) and three longer (2.02 Å) Ga–O bond lengths. In the tenth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.03 Å. In the eleventh Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–26°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.03 Å. In the twelfth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing GaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–26°. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.03 Å. There are thirty-six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Nd3+ and two Ga3+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ONd2Ga2 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to one Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to one Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Nd3+ and two Ga3+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ONd2Ga2 tetrahedra. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Nd3+, one La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Nd3+, two La3+, and two Ga3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr2Ca2NdMn5O15 by Materials Project

Sr2Ca2NdMn5O15 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with nine SrO12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.57–3.08 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten SrO12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.55–3.01 Å. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten SrO12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.55–3.06 Å. In the fourth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with nine SrO12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–3.02 Å. There are four inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.78 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.83 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.79 Å. In the fourth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.79 Å. There are two inequivalent Nd3+ sites. In the first Nd3+ site, Nd3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.64 Å. In the second Nd3+ site, Nd3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nd–O bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.64 Å. There are ten inequivalent Mn+3.80+ sites. In the first Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with three SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–1.98 Å. In the second Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with four SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–25°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. In the third Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with four SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–24°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.03 Å. In the fourth Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with three SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.04 Å. In the fifth Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with two SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–25°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.00 Å. In the sixth Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with three SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–25°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.03 Å. In the seventh Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with four SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–24°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.02 Å. In the eighth Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with two SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.00 Å. In the ninth Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with three SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–1.98 Å. In the tenth Mn+3.80+ site, Mn+3.80+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra and faces with four SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–24°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.04 Å. There are thirty inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, two Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, two Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+, two Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OSrCa2NdMn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Sr2+, two Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OSr2Ca2Mn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OSr2CaNdMn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Sr2+, two Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms to form distorted OSrCa2NdMn2 octahedra that share corners with two OSr2Ca2Mn2 octahedra and an edgeedge with one OSrCa2NdMn2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, two Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sr2+, one Ca2+, one Nd3+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+, one Ca2+, and two Mn+3.80+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li7V3P8O29 by Materials Project

Li7V3P8O29 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are fourteen inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.19 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–70°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.26 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–70°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.29 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.10 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.21 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.11 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.11 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.20 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.10 Å. In the tenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–70°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.27 Å. In the eleventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–70°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.28 Å. In the twelfth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.20 Å. In the thirteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with four LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.46 Å. In the fourteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with four LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.48 Å. There are six inequivalent V+3.67+ sites. In the first V+3.67+ site, V+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.06 Å. In the second V+3.67+ site, V+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.05 Å. In the third V+3.67+ site, V+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.01 Å. In the fourth V+3.67+ site, V+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.01 Å. In the fifth V+3.67+ site, V+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.01 Å. In the sixth V+3.67+ site, V+3.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.02 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–37°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.58 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–38°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.58 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.61 Å. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–54°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.61 Å. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the ninth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the tenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–54°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.61 Å. In the eleventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.61 Å. In the twelfth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–37°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.58 Å. In the thirteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three VO6 octahedra and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–38°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.58 Å. In the fourteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the fifteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the sixteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. There are fifty-eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V+3.67+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Identifying Periodic Variable Stars and Eclipsing Binary Systems with Long-term Las Cumbres Observatory Photometric Monitoring of ZTF J0139+5245

We present the results of our search for variable stars using the long-term Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) monitoring of white dwarf ZTF J0139+5245 with the two 1.0 m telescope nodes located at McDonald Observatory using the Sinistro imaging instrument. In this search, we find 38 variable sources, of which 27 are newly discovered or newly classified (71%) based on comparisons with previously published catalogs, thereby increasing the number of detections in the field of view under consideration by a factor of ≈2.5. We find that the improved photometric precision per exposure due to longer exposure time for LCO images combined with the greater time sampling of LCO photometry enables us to increase the total number of detections in this field of view. Each LCO image covers a field of view of 26' × 26' and observes a region close to the Galactic plane (b = -9.°4) abundant in stars with an average stellar density of ≈8 arcmin{sup -2}. We perform aperture photometry and Fourier analysis on over 2000 stars across 1560 LCO images spanning 537 days to find 28 candidate BY Draconis variables, three candidate eclipsing binaries of type EA, and seven candidate eclipsing binaries of type EW. In assigning preliminary classifications to our detections, we demonstrate the applicability of the Gaia color–magnitude diagram as a powerful classification tool for variable-star studies.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Omics-driven onboarding of the carotenoid producing red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938

Transcriptomics is a powerful approach for functional genomics and systems biology, yet it can also be used for genetic part discovery. Here, we derive constitutive and light-regulated promoters directly from transcriptomics data of the basidiomycete red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938 (anamorph Phaffia rhodozyma) and use these promoters with other genetic elements to create a modular synthetic biology parts collection for this organism. X. dendrorhous is currently the sole biotechnologically relevant yeast in the Tremellomycete class-it produces large amounts of astaxanthin, especially under oxidative stress and exposure to light. Thus, we performed transcriptomics on X. dendrorhous under different wavelengths of light (red, green, blue, and ultraviolet) and oxidative stress. Differential gene expression analysis (DGE) revealed that terpenoid biosynthesis was primarily upregulated by light through crtI, while oxidative stress upregulated several genes in the pathway. Further gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed a complex survival response to ultraviolet (UV) where X. dendrorhous upregulates aromatic amino acid and tetraterpenoid biosynthesis and downregulates central carbon metabolism and respiration. The DGE data was also used to identify 26 constitutive and regulated genes, and then, putative promoters for each of the 26 genes were derived from the genome. Simultaneously, a modular cloning system for X. dendrorhous was developed, including integration sites, terminators, selection markers, and reporters. Each of the 26 putative promoters were integrated into the genome and characterized by luciferase assay in the dark and under UV light. The putative constitutive promoters were constitutive in the synthetic genetic context, but so were many of the putative regulated promoters. Notably, one putative promoter, derived from a hypothetical gene, showed ninefold activation upon UV exposure. Thus, this study reveals metabolic pathway regulation and develops a genetic parts collection for X. dendrorhous from transcriptomic data. Therefore, this study demonstrates that combining systems biology and synthetic biology into an omics-to-parts workflow can simultaneously provide useful biological insight and genetic tools for nonconventional microbes, particularly those without a related model organism. This approach can enhance current efforts to engineer diverse microbes.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Initial Conditions of Planet Formation: Time Constraints from Small Bodies and the Lifetime of Reservoirs in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk

This review explores the timescales of the initial phase of planet formation, from nebular dust (CAIs and chondrules) to planetesimal accretion and differentiation, using evidence from meteorite research. Aluminium-Mg systematics of CAIs indicate either an extended period of CAI formation (∼0.3 Ma) or an initial 26 Al heterogeneity, with evidence supporting a homogeneous 26 Al abundance in the protoplanetary disk. Thermal and aqueous alteration on the parent body can disturb the U-Pb and Al-Mg chronometers in chondrules. Focusing on relatively robust isochron data from plagioclase of pristine (types ≤3.05) chondrites indicates a shift in chondrule formation locations, moving from the inner to the outer disk over time. Ages of basaltic achondrites show that silicate differentiation on small bodies was well underway within the first few million years (Ma) of our solar system. Their age record, however, reveals inconsistencies between different chronometers, partly caused by (i) secondary disturbances due to thermal metamorphism, aqueous alteration, or impacts, (ii) the presence of xenolithic minerals, and (iii) potentially variable initial 26 Al abundances due to disturbances at the mineral scale. Nucleosynthetic isotope data indicate that parent bodies of iron and stony meteorites formed in two distinct regions within the protoplanetary disk: the inner, non-carbonaceous (NC) and the outer, carbonaceous (CC) region. Based on Hf-W chronometry it has been demonstrated that NC and CC parent bodies of magmatic iron meteorites segregated their cores within ∼1–3 Ma after CAI formation, implying that parent body accretion occurred within <1 Ma in both reservoirs. Combining accretion ages with nucleosynthetic data further reveals that, at first order, NC and CC reservoirs in the solar protoplanetary disk were established within 1 Ma and existed over several Ma with limited exchange between them. In the CR chondrite accretion region of the disk, planetary bodies formed over at least 3 Ma, while in most other regions, formation spanned at least 1 Ma, with minimal changes in nucleosynthetic isotope compositions. Aerodynamical size sorting of dust likely introduced or amplified some of these variations.

26Al distribution↗
DOE OSTI2023

Direct observation of C 3 S particle dissolution using fast nano X-ray computed tomography

Tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) occupies 50 % to 70 % of ordinary portland cement (OPC) by mass and it is an important component affecting the hydration of OPC [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. Generally, the hydration of C 3 S is described by two processes: the dissolution of C 3 S particles and the precipitation of hydration products. While it is understood that the dissolution rates of C 3 S vary with time, more precise measurements are needed to understand this process. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the time-evolving dissolution rates of C 3 S [2]. The metastable barrier hypothesis suggests that a thin metastable layer of hydrates forms around the C 3 S particle surface and prohibits the access of grains to the aqueous solution [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. The slow dissolution step hypothesis suggests that the increased ion concentration from the initial reaction delays the C 3 S dissolution [2], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. More recent publications suggest that C 3 S may react differently depending on the existence of crystallographic defects [18], [19], [20]. Etch pits are thought to open on the particle surface during the initial reaction and this contributes to the C 3 S dissolution [21], [22]. As hydrates precipitate and cover these highly reactive surfaces, hydration slows down and the induction period starts [18], [23], [24], [25], [26]. Many experiments have been conducted to test the aforementioned mechanisms. Some hydration studies utilize bulk measurements, such as isothermal calorimetry [27], [28], [29], pore solution analysis [30], quasi-elastic neutron scattering [31], and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [32], [33]. One limitation of these measurements is that they do not provide direct and detailed information on the individual C 3 S particles. Some other studies utilize imaging techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [34], [35], [36] and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [37]. However, SEM/TEM cannot track the evolution of individual particles throughout hydration [34], [35], [38], [39], [40] and they do not give insights into the microstructure of materials before hydration [34], [35], [39]. This makes it challenging to draw strong conclusions from only SEM or TEM observations. Synchrotron X-ray tomography techniques have been used more broadly in recent years to study cement hydration. They are not only non-destructive but also able to image a sample in full 3D with resolutions that can reach from micron to nanoscale. Nano computed tomography (nCT) is one technique that has been applied to study cement hydration at the nanoscale [26], [41]. A typical nCT can reach a pixel size from 15 to 65 nm, providing enough detail for observing features <1 μm. However, nCT often takes >0.5 h to finish one scan. This makes the application of this technique on continuous scans for in-situ observations challenging. Fast X-ray computerized tomography (fCT) is another technique that has shown success in studying the time-evolving cement microstructures [20], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49]. Due to the high flux of the X-ray beam from the synchrotron ring, fCT allows a scan to be captured within 1 min at a pixel size of 1 μm. This allows a paste sample to be continuously scanned during the hydration process. However, the micron-sized resolutions limit does not provide detailed insights for particles <5 μm [20], [49]. Fortunately, the combination of nCT and fCT has allowed the development of fast nano X-ray computed tomography (fnCT). fnCT can capture a 3D data set in <2 min at a pixel size of 50 nm. This makes this procedure an exciting method to evaluate hydrating pastes. fnCT collects multiple X-ray radiographs at various rotation angles and generates a 3D model of the scanned sample, which is also referred to as a 3D tomography [50], [51]. In one tomography, the X-ray absorptions of different components (e.g., C 3 S and hydrates) differ as functions of density and chemistry [52], [53]. These X-ray absorption contrasts can be used to extract detailed information about the 3D microstructure [26], [54], [55]. In this paper, fnCT is used to collect time-lapse tomographs of hydrating C 3 S paste from 18 min after mixing to 7 h of hydration. The bulk measurements of anhydrous C 3 S, as well as the microstructural changes of individual C 3 S particles, are directly observed, quantified, and discussed. The dissolution behavior of C 3 S particles at various size scales is systematically analyzed and compared. This work aims to find the relationship between the size of C 3 S particle sizes and their dissolution rates. This provides significant insights into the early-age hydration of C 3 S on length and time scales not previously possible. Because of the magnitude of the data and the substantial amount of observations, this work will solely focus on the change in the anhydrous particles. Changes in the hydration products will be reported in future work.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data–Driven Velocity Model Evaluation Using K–Means Clustering

In this work, we develop a data-driven clustering method to evaluate a velocity model using surface wave velocity dispersion. This is done by first computing theoretical dispersion curves for 1-D velocity profiles of all the grid locations and then splitting the resulting dispersion curves into a certain number of groups via the K-means clustering. The observed dispersion curves are also clustered following the same procedure and the velocity model is assessed by comparing the spatial patterns obtained for the observed and synthetic data sets. The method is applied to evaluate two community velocity models in southern California, CVM-S4.26 and CVM-H15.1, using phase velocity maps derived for 3–16 s Rayleigh waves. We found a good correlation in the spatial distribution of clusters between the result of CVM-S4.26 and that of the observed data, suggesting that the CVM-S4.26 fits the observed dispersion maps better than the CVM-H15.1 in terms of features extracted from the clustering analysis.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhanced production of 60 Fe in massive stars

Massive stars are a major source of chemical elements in the cosmos, ejecting freshly produced nuclei through winds and core-collapse supernova explosions into the interstellar medium. Among the material ejected, long-lived radioisotopes, such as 60 Fe (iron) and 26 Al (aluminum), offer unique signs of active nucleosynthesis in our galaxy. There is a long-standing discrepancy between the observed 60 Fe/ 26 Al ratio by γ-ray telescopes and predictions from supernova models. This discrepancy has been attributed to uncertainties in the nuclear reaction networks producing 60 Fe, and one reaction in particular, the neutron-capture on 59 Fe. Here we present experimental results that provide a strong constraint on this reaction. We use these results to show that the production of 60 Fe in massive stars is higher than previously thought, further increasing the discrepancy between observed and predicted 60 Fe/ 26 Al ratios. The persisting discrepancy can therefore not be attributed to nuclear uncertainties, and points to issues in massive-star models.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A multimillion-year-old record of Greenland vegetation and glacial history preserved in sediment beneath 1.4 km of ice at Camp Century

Understanding the history of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is critical for determining its sensitivity to warming and contribution to sea level; however, that history is poorly known before the last interglacial. Most knowledge comes from interpretation of marine sediment, an indirect record of past ice-sheet extent and behavior. Subglacial sediment and rock, retrieved at the base of ice cores, provide terrestrial evidence for GrIS behavior during the Pleistocene. Here, we use multiple methods to determine GrIS history from subglacial sediment at the base of the Camp Century ice core collected in 1966. This material contains a stratigraphic record of glaciation and vegetation in northwestern Greenland spanning the Pleistocene. Enriched stable isotopes of pore-ice suggest precipitation at lower elevations implying ice-sheet absence. Plant macrofossils and biomarkers in the sediment indicate that paleo-ecosystems from previous interglacial periods are preserved beneath the GrIS. Cosmogenic 26 Al/ 10 Be and luminescence data bracket the burial of the lower-most sediment between <3.2 ± 0.4 Ma and >0.7 to 1.4 Ma. In the upper-most sediment, cosmogenic 26 Al/ 10 Be data require exposure within the last 1.0 ± 0.1 My. The unique subglacial sedimentary record from Camp Century documents at least two episodes of ice-free, vegetated conditions, each followed by glaciation. The lower sediment derives from an Early Pleistocene GrIS advance. 26 Al/ 10 Be ratios in the upper-most sediment match those in subglacial bedrock from central Greenland, suggesting similar ice-cover histories across the GrIS. We conclude that the GrIS persisted through much of the Pleistocene but melted and reformed at least once since 1.1 Ma.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

The dependence of tungsten fuzz layer thickness and porosity on tungsten deposition rate and helium ion fluence

Abstract Fuzz formation on a heated tungsten surface in the presence of a helium-containing plasma and tungsten deposition source was investigated. Tungsten samples were exposed at 1123 K to pure helium plasma with ion incident energy of 76 eV, W/He ion flux ratio of ∼ 0.4 × 10 − 4 , and varied helium ion fluence from 0.18 to 3.4 × 10 26 m −2 . Fuzz thickness was measured by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy to increase from 0.22 to 15 µ m with increasing helium ion fluence. No indication of saturation in fuzz thickness at high fluence was observed, in contrast to fuzz produced on a tungsten surface without tungsten deposition. Additional tungsten samples were exposed at 1123 K to pure helium plasma with ion incident energy of 76 eV, helium ion fluence of ∼ 3.4 × 10 26 m −2 , and varied W/He ion flux ratio from 0.26 to 3.0 × 10 − 4 . Fuzz thickness increased from 7.5 to 120 µ m with increasing W/He ion ratio. A final sample exposed at 1123 K to a mixed helium-deuterium plasma with ion incident energy of 76 eV, helium ion fluence of 0.18 × 10 26 m −2 , and W/He ion flux ratio of 2.2 × 10 − 4 developed nearly identical fuzz structures to that developed in a pure He plasma. As a function of deposited tungsten fluence, all results were found to trace out a single layer-growth curve given by a power law relation, indicating that fuzz thickness is independent of the W/He ion flux ratio in the range investigated and independent of any deuterium present in the plasma. As a result, for tungsten plasma facing walls in magnetic fusion devices at 1000–2000 K with 10 −4 W/He ion flux ratio, fuzz with thicknesses greater than hundreds of microns may form in as little as 10 4 s (in the absence of ELM-induced erosion or annealing), and may more significantly affect its thermophysical properties than fuzz generated without a tungsten deposition source.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Harnessing the predicted maize pan-interactome for putative gene function prediction and prioritization of candidate genes for important traits

Abstract The recent assembly and annotation of the 26 maize nested association mapping population founder inbreds have enabled large-scale pan-genomic comparative studies. These studies have expanded our understanding of agronomically important traits by integrating pan-transcriptomic data with trait-specific gene candidates from previous association mapping results. In contrast to the availability of pan-transcriptomic data, obtaining reliable protein–protein interaction (PPI) data has remained a challenge due to its high cost and complexity. We generated predicted PPI networks for each of the 26 genomes using the established STRING database. The individual genome-interactomes were then integrated to generate core- and pan-interactomes. We deployed the PPI clustering algorithm ClusterONE to identify numerous PPI clusters that were functionally annotated using gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment, demonstrating a diverse range of enriched GO terms across different clusters. Additional cluster annotations were generated by integrating gene coexpression data and gene description annotations, providing additional useful information. We show that the functionally annotated PPI clusters establish a useful framework for protein function prediction and prioritization of candidate genes of interest. Our study not only provides a comprehensive resource of predicted PPI networks for 26 maize genomes but also offers annotated interactome clusters for predicting protein functions and prioritizing gene candidates. The source code for the Python implementation of the analysis workflow and a standalone web application for accessing the analysis results are available at https://github.com/eporetsky/PanPPI.

Genetics & Heredity↗
DOE OSTI2022

Validation of seismic velocity models in southern California with full-waveform simulations

SUMMARY Crustal seismic velocity models provide essential information for many applications including earthquake source properties, simulations of ground motion and related derivative products. We present a systematic workflow for assessing the accuracy of velocity models with full-waveform simulations. The framework is applied to four regional seismic velocity models for southern California: CVM-H15.11, CVM-S4.26, CVM-S4.26.M01 that includes a shallow geotechnical layer, and the model of Berg et al. For each model, we perform 3-D viscoelastic wave propagation simulations for 48 virtual seismic noise sources (down to 2 s) and 44 moderate-magnitude earthquakes (down to 2 s generally and 0.5 s for some cases) assuming a minimum shear wave velocity of 200 m s–1. The synthetic waveforms are compared with observations associated with both earthquake records and noise cross-correlation data sets. We measure, at multiple period bands for well-isolated seismic phases, traveltime delays and normalized zero-lag cross-correlation coefficients between the synthetic and observed data. The obtained measurements are summarized using the mean absolute derivation of time delay and the mean correlation coefficient. These two metrics provide reliable statistical representations of model quality with consistent results in all data sets. In addition to assessing the overall (average) performance of different models in the entire study area, we examine spatial variations of the models’ quality. All examined models show good phase and waveform agreements for surface waves at periods longer than 5 s, and discrepancies at shorter periods reflecting small-scale heterogeneities and near-surface structures. The model performing best overall is CVM-S4.26.M01. The largest misfits for both body and surface waves are in basin structures and around large fault zones. Inaccuracies generated in these areas may affect tomography and model simulation results at other regions. The seismic velocity models for southern California can be improved by adding better resolved structural representations of the shallow crust and volumes around the main faults.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Revised decay properties of the key 93-keV resonance in the Mg 25 ( p , γ ) reaction and its influence on the MgAl cycle in astrophysical environments

The γ-decay properties of an excited state in 26 Al at 6398.3(8) keV have been reexamined using the 11 B+ 16 O fusion-evaporation reaction. This level represents a key 93.1(8)-keV resonance in the 25 Mg+p system and its relative branching to the 26 Al ground state, f 0 , has been determined to be 0.76 ± 0.03 (stat.) ± 0.10 (syst.). Furthermore, this is a significantly higher value than the most recent evaluation and implies a considerable increase in the production of cosmic γ rays from 26 Al radioactivity.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reduction of spectroscopic overlap across the Z = 8 shell in neutron-rich nuclei

The recent discovery and spectroscopic measurements of 27 O and 28 O suggests the disappearance of the N = 20 shell structure in these neutron-rich oxygen isotopes. We measured one- and two-proton removal cross sections from 27 F and 29 N, respectively, extracting spectroscopic factors and comparing them to shell model overlap functions coupled with eikonal reaction model calculations. The invariant mass technique was used to reconstruct the two-body ( 24 O + n) and three-body ( 24 O + 2n) decay energies from knockout reactions of 27 F (106.2 MeV/u) and 29 Ne (112.8 MeV/u) beams impinging on a 9 Be target. The one-proton removal from 27 F strongly populated the ground state of 26 O and the extracted cross section of $3.4^{+0.3}_{-1.5}$ mb agrees with eikonal model calculations that are normalized by the shell model spectroscopic factors and account for the systematic reduction factor observed for single nucleon removal reactions within the models used. For the two-proton removal reaction from 29 Ne an upper limit of 0.08 mb was extracted for populating states in 27 O decaying though the ground state of 26 O. The measured upper limit for the population of the ground state of 26 O in the two-proton removal reaction from 29 Ne indicates a significant difference in the underlying nuclear structure of 27 F and 29 Ne.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Longitudinal analysis of host protein serum signatures of treatment and recovery in pulmonary tuberculosis

A better understanding of treatment progression and recovery in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) infectious disease is crucial. This study analyzed longitudinal serum samples from pulmonary TB patients undergoing interventional treatment to identify surrogate markers for TB-related outcomes. Serum that was collected at baseline and 8, 17, 26, and 52 weeks from 30 TB patients experiencing durable cure were evaluated and compared using a sensitive LC-MS/MS proteomic platform for the detection and quantification of differential host protein signatures relative to timepoint. The global proteome signature was analyzed for statistical differences across the time course and between disease severity and treatment groups. A total of 676 proteins showed differential expression in the serum over these timepoints relative to baseline. Comparisons to understand serum protein dynamics at 8 weeks, treatment endpoints at 17 and 26 weeks, and post-treatment at 52 weeks were performed. The largest protein abundance changes were observed at 8 weeks as the initial effects of antibiotic treatment strongly impacted inflammatory and immune modulated responses. However, the largest number of proteome changes was observed at the end of treatment time points 17 and 26 weeks respectively. Post-treatment 52-week results showed an abatement of differential proteome signatures from end of treatment, though interestingly those proteins uniquely significant at post-treatment were almost exclusively downregulated. Patients were additionally stratified based upon disease severity and compared across all timepoints, identifying 461 discriminating proteome signatures. These proteome signatures collapsed into discrete expression profiles with distinct pathways across immune activation and signaling, hemostasis, and metabolism annotations. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Integrin signaling maintained a severity signature through 52 weeks, implying an intrinsic disease severity signature well into the post-treatment timeframe. Previous proteome studies have primarily focused on the 8-week timepoint in relation to culture conversion status. While this study confirms previous observations, it also highlights some differences. The inclusion of additional end of treatment and post-treatment time points offers a more comprehensive assessment of treatment progression within the serum proteome. Examining the expression dynamics at these later time periods will help in the investigation of relapse patients and has provided indicative markers of response and recovery.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on V2OF5 by Materials Project

V2OF5 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent V+3.50+ sites. In the first V+3.50+ site, V+3.50+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form corner-sharing VF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–31°. There are a spread of V–F bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.99 Å. In the second V+3.50+ site, V+3.50+ is bonded to one O2- and five F1- atoms to form corner-sharing VOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–32°. The V–O bond length is 1.67 Å. There are a spread of V–F bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.05 Å. In the third V+3.50+ site, V+3.50+ is bonded to two O2- and four F1- atoms to form corner-sharing VO2F4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–35°. There is one shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (2.08 Å) V–O bond length. There is three shorter (1.97 Å) and one longer (1.98 Å) V–F bond length. In the fourth V+3.50+ site, V+3.50+ is bonded to two O2- and four F1- atoms to form corner-sharing VO2F4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–31°. Both V–O bond lengths are 1.98 Å. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (1.99 Å) V–F bond length. In the fifth V+3.50+ site, V+3.50+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form corner-sharing VF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–35°. There is three shorter (1.97 Å) and three longer (1.98 Å) V–F bond length. In the sixth V+3.50+ site, V+3.50+ is bonded to one O2- and five F1- atoms to form corner-sharing VOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–32°. The V–O bond length is 1.68 Å. There are a spread of V–F bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.01 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. There are fifteen inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the seventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the eighth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the ninth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the tenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the eleventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the twelfth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the thirteenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the fourteenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms. In the fifteenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two V+3.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiLa5Ti8O24 by Materials Project

LiLa5Ti8O24 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.68 Å. There are five inequivalent La3+ sites. In the first La3+ site, La3+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted LaO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent LaO12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent LaO12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.99 Å. In the second La3+ site, La3+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form distorted LaO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent LaO12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent LaO12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–3.00 Å. In the third La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–3.00 Å. In the fourth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.50–3.04 Å. In the fifth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–3.09 Å. There are eight inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and a faceface with one LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–33°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.21 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and faces with three LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–25°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. In the third Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and a faceface with one LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–24°. There is three shorter (1.96 Å) and three longer (1.97 Å) Ti–O bond length. In the fourth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and faces with three LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 12–26°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.05 Å. In the fifth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and faces with three LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–33°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.13 Å. In the sixth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and a faceface with one LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–26°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.14 Å. In the seventh Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and faces with three LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–26°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.05 Å. In the eighth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six TiO6 octahedra and a faceface with one LaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–24°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–1.99 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Li1+, two La3+, and two Ti4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, two La3+, and two Ti4+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, two La3+, and two Ti4+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one La3+, and two Ti4+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted square pyramidal geometry to one Li1+, two La3+, and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to three La3+ and two Ti4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗