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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

In operando, non-invasive state-of-charge monitoring for redox flow batteries

This document describes techniques and systems for in operando, non-invasive SOC monitoring of redox flow batteries. The described techniques and systems allow for accurate, inexpensive, portable, and real-time methods to measure the SOC of redox flow batteries. System operators can monitor the SOC by measuring an acoustic attenuation coefficient of the electrolyte in the redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient is measured using an ultrasonic transducer attached to a probing cell, which is connected to an electrolyte flow of a redox flow battery. The acoustic attenuation coefficient provides an accurate, real-time SOC measurement that is generally insensitive to varying operational temperatures of the electrolyte solution.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Distributed PV Hosting Capacity Evaluation Considering Equitable PV Accommodation: Preprint

In distribution systems, distributed photovoltaic (DPV) hosting capacity is widely used by system operators to evaluate how much DPV the distribution networks can accommodate without violating operational constraints. With the proliferation of DPV deployment, if managed properly, it offers a great opportunity to mitigate the persistent energy inequity issue in electric grid. Otherwise, energy inequity can be exacerbated with unequal DPV access when hosting capacity improvement plans ignore the equity factor. To consider energy equity in distribution network planning for enhancing DPV accommodation, the hosting capacity evaluation should be improved to consider equity constraints endogenously. In this paper, a DPV hosting capacity evaluation method is proposed considering equitable DPV access among sub-regions of a distribution feeder partitioned by social-economic indicators such as the income levels. The results demonstrate that considering equity in DPV hosting capacity evaluation can provide valuable reference in the equitable energy transition. This work provides a valuable guidance for future distribution network upgrade planning for equitable DPV deployment.

distributed PV↗

DOE OSTI2022

Alabama A&M University Senior Project

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Alabama A&M University Senior Project Cont'd

This entry is being conducted in order to review documents (drawings and pictures) necessary for senior students of Alabama A&M to conduct their senior project. This project will include helping design an upgraded operating system for the TREAT core clamping units. A previous has been completed for the project per STI # INL/MIS-22-69603 Rev:000, these additional items will further assist the students in there work.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2022

System and method for reasoning about the optimality of a configuration parameter of a distributed system

Embodiments provide a system and method for reasoning about the optimality of a configuration parameter of a distributed system. During operation, the system obtains a multi-layer graph for a system with a plurality of components, wherein the multi-layer graph comprises a configuration subgraph, a vulnerability subgraph, and a dependency subgraph. The system determines, based on the multi-layer graph, constraint relationships associated with configuration parameters for the components, wherein the constraint relationships include security constraints and functionality constraints. The system computes an unsatisfiable core which comprises a set of mutually incompatible constraints. The system resolves, based on a strategy and over multiple iterations, the unsatisfiable core by analyzing one pair of mutually incompatible constraints per a respective iteration, to obtain a new unsatisfiable core which comprises a smaller number of mutually incompatible constraints than the computed unsatisfiable core or a previously computed unsatisfiable core from a most recent iteration.

Soroush, Hamed↗

DOE OSTI2022

Smart sensor for online situational awareness in power grids

Waveforms in power grids typically reveal a certain pattern with specific features and peculiarities driven by the system operating conditions, internal and external uncertainties, etc. This prompts an observation of different types of waveforms at the measurement points (substations). An innovative next-generation smart sensor technology includes a measurement unit embedded with sophisticated analytics for power grid online surveillance and situational awareness. The smart sensor brings additional levels of smartness into the existing phasor measurement units (PMUs) and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). It unlocks the full potential of advanced signal processing and machine learning for online power grid monitoring in a distributed paradigm. Within the smart sensor are several interconnected units for signal acquisition, feature extraction, machine learning-based event detection, and a suite of multiple measurement algorithms where the best-fit algorithm is selected in real-time based on the detected operating condition. Embedding such analytics within the sensors and closer to where the data is generated, the distributed intelligence mechanism mitigates the potential risks to communication failures and latencies, as well as malicious cyber threats, which would otherwise compromise the trustworthiness of the end-use applications in distant control centers. The smart sensor achieves a promising classification accuracy on multiple classes of prevailing conditions in the power grid and accordingly improves the measurement quality across the power grid.

Dehghanian, Payman↗

DOE OSTI2023

Emulation and Adversarial Analysis of EV Charging Networks

In the effort of decarbonization and evolution of the modern electrical grid, electric vehicles (EVs) play a key part to transform the grid. However, due to the rapid adoption of EVs and the demand of the charging infrastructure required to power said EVs, risk of a cyber-attack may impose serious consequences. There is a need to analyze and protect the charging ecosystem infrastructure from cyber threats before it reaches wide-scale deployment. In an effort to secure vehicle to grid (V2G) communications, standardization is necessary for continued reliable system operation. The protocol ISO 15118 outlines controls and practices that should be implemented for secure vehicle to grid (V2G) communications. The standard is gaining momentum for American markets as the demand for EV infrastructure grows. The adoption of ISO 15118 in American markets poses several challenges: the deployment of a public key infrastructure (PKI) as outlined within the standard, interoperability of charging different EVs with chargers from different manufactures using the PKI, and scaling the ecosystem to meet the demand while managing risks. This project was created to understand potential cyber and scaling challenges of PKI for EV infrastructure through utilizing a series of emulated components mapping to what exists in the EV ecosystem today, and the components of the PKI that are under development. The key nodes within the emulation that are under development are: electric vehicle (EV), electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), charge network operator (CNO), certificate authority (CA), and online certificate status protocol (OCSP) that must all interact using secure and trusted communications. With these emulated components and utilizing orchestration methods to rapidly deploy and scale the components, the ability to analyze risks of the ecosystem and address gaps before the PKI ecosystem is fully deployed to production should yield a more robust and mature production charging infrastructure. Our approach will use a modular architecture of virtual machines within an orchestration platform and will target scales of 100s, 1000s, and 10,000s of entities interacting. The core research questions trying to be answered with this scope of work are: what are the impacts of a rogue CA, what are the risks of certificate revocation list (CRL) management, what is the value of OCSP stapling, what components are vulnerable to DOS attacks, and what test effective payloads may impact the components.

charging ecosystem↗

DOE OSTI2023

European Union's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement - but are differentiated from - other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda - whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition - and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium - whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

decarbonization↗

DOE OSTI2023

Chile's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonization

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from - other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

Chile↗

DOE OSTI2023

Australia's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

Australia↗

DOE OSTI2023

India's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

decarbonization↗

DOE OSTI2023

United Kingdom's Action Plan for Power Sector Decarbonisation

A collaborative report from the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) on Lessons Learned for Rapid Decarbonization of Power Sectors was delivered to energy ministers and presented at CEM13 in the United States in September 2022. In light of these lessons learned and discussed at CEM13, several countries signaled intent to develop Action Plans for power sector decarbonization that will be presented at CEM14 in India. These action plans complement but are differentiated from other international power sector initiatives such as the Breakthrough Agenda whose broad purpose is to raise collective ambition and the Global Power System Transformation (G-PST) Consortium whose goals are to convene power system operators to accelerate research innovations and foster peer learning. These action plans, supported by the 21st Century Power Partnership (21CPP) and other CEM workstreams via direct technical assistance and capacity building, are instead intended to focus on implementation actions given each country's existing power sector goals and activities and are an opportunity for countries to display leadership in power sector decarbonization. These action plans are voluntary, developed by each country individually, and can be viewed as a living document that is subject to change.

decarbonization↗

DOE OSTI2022

Integration of Energy Storage in Fossil Energy Power Plants (ES-FE) Market Analysis

This analysis consists of identifying the economic signals for the integration of ES-FE concepts in major Independent System Operators (ISOs), such as Mid-Continent (MISO), Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), California (CAISO), and Pennsylvania, Jersey, Maryland Power Pool (PJM). This piece of work came from our interest in understanding how and at what level an electricity market would renumerate a fossil energy power plant that integrates energy storage, meaning a fossil power plant that adds any type of energy storage to their power plant.

Pena-Cabra, Ivonne A.↗

DOE OSTI2023

A Collaboration Website for Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Muon Beam Production

This research initiative establishes a dynamic online platform geared towards supporting the burgeoning Muon Catalyzed Fusion collaboration, focusing on the concurrent development of particle accelerators and transport beamlines for muon beams. The central feature of this endeavor is the creation of a multifaceted website comprising both public facing and private sections to cater to diverse user needs. The public segment is meticulously designed to serve as an educational hub, featuring information pages targeted at the general public alongside private pages exclusively accessible to collaboration members. These pages will host an array of multimedia elements, ranging from images and text animations to video lectures, covering an extensive spectrum of topics integral to the science of Muon Catalyzed Fusion. Encompassing areas such as Acceleration, Applications, Instrumentation, Beamline Design, and beam dynamics design codes, the educational content aims to make complex scientific concepts more accessible to a broader audience. Ensuring seamless accessibility across various devices and operating systems, the website incorporates integration with collaborative tools such as Google Docs for document collaboration, GitHub for code repository management, and WordPress for blogging with interactive commenting features. The bifurcation between public and private sections is a strategic approach to maintaining transparency while safeguarding proprietary research and works in progress. The public pages are strategically crafted to disseminate information, showcasing the latest endeavors and achievements within the NK Labs collaboration, including lectures, published papers, and regular blog posts open to public comments. On the other hand, the private section provides collaboration members with a secure space to share unpublished or nonpublic research, fostering collaborative efforts through integrated Google Docs and Python Plotty for shared graphing work. In essence, this ambitious project endeavors to bridge the gap between complex scientific knowledge and public understanding, enhance collaboration among researchers, and serve as a dynamic and inclusive platform for sharing and advancing the state-of-the-art in Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Accelerators.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Radioactive Source Localization via Bayesian Particle Filter

In the event of a misplaced radioactive source or other emergency situation, measuring a radiation field, mapping its distribution, and determining a source location are essential tasks to ameliorating the situation. However, radiation fields may be extremely hazardous to human surveyors and minimizing received radiation doses is just as essential. Robots appear to be a potential solution to these problems. Beyond simply measuring radiation, the robot's computer processing capabilities offer a way to apply complex data analysis methods to radiation measurements in real-time. Methods which predict likely source locations can then feed this information into other processes, potentially improving path planning and enabling more efficient measurements. Given a robot mounted with a gamma-ray detector, can we: develop a methodology to account for detector performance across a wide range of source angles, distances, and photon energies? operate an autonomously navigating robot to effectively survey and characterize an area of interest? implement a data analysis method, conventionally used in measurements of motion, for source localization purposes? An open-source TurtleBot 3 robot, running Robot Operating System (ROS) on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, was fitted with a Kromek GR1{sup R} Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) solid-state gamma-ray detector. As a part of ROS, the packages OpenSlam, gmapping, and amcl were used to perform Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), determining the robot's position and mapping the surrounding area. Data was acquired via Lidar mounted on top the TurtleBot 3. Detector Calibration Fit: The equation was fit to 365 counts of various energies, distances, and angles. A MATLAB{sup R} program was written to simulate measurements taken a robot on a random walk, with count data and positions discretized into finite element pixels. Using this program, a sample of 100 runs was performed on a map with a simulated source at the center, with a total of 200 of 2 pixels each. Similarly, multiple runs of the filter were performed on recorded robot measurement data. In both simulation and real tests, when corrected for errors (particles placed outside of bounds or on the robot, and simulation-specific errors), corresponding t-tests of predicted x and y-coordinates were within a 95% confidence interval of the actual position. For the real trial, these positions are slightly skewed right in the x-axis as the robot remained mainly to the left side of the source within the sample area. These simulations demonstrate potential validity for the usage of a particle filter as method of radioactive source localization. In the future, true real-time implementation and data fusion may further augment the performance of the robot to localize lost sources. Additionally, identification of multiple sources, determination of source types, and usage of a collimator are areas to potentially be explored.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2024

SULI Project Report: Mu2e otsdaq Documentation and Analytics

This report outlines the history of the CLFV puzzle, gives an overview of the Mu2e Experiment, and details the results of the DOE (Department of Energy)-funded SULI (Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship) research completed over the summer 2024 on site at Fermilab. The project focused on the otsdaq software responsible for data acquisition. The project included drafting updated documentation for new users, including new procedures relevant for the Alma- Linux 9 operating system update, and the UPS package managing system replacement with Spack (scientific software package manager). A new art module (ReadTriggerCounts) to track trigger rates was created, with compatibility to be displayed via a Grafana server. The author also assisted in calorimeter cable installation in the detector hall.

Saarinen, Talia↗

DOE OSTI2024

Why is My Zero Energy Home Not a Zero Carbon Home?

For years, carbon calculations were done very simply. The method of calculation was to take annual totals of energy consumption and multiply by an average emission factor, either for the grid serving a project or for a larger region (e.g. an EPA eGRID sub region). The level of accuracy of this approximation was reasonably good, although the issue of accuracy was not, to our knowledge, tested. And the data required were minimal – just a year’s worth of bills for each fuel and one lookup factor. But this method assures that a net zero energy home is automatically a net zero carbon home because zero times any possible emission factor is still zero. Starting in the early 2010s, things changed – grids were starting to rely more and more heavily on renewables, and the difference was showing up on aggregate load curves. This was perhaps noticed first in California, where aggressive renewable policies led to significant renewable power generation large enough to affect the overall shape of the diurnal load curve for the Independent Systems Operator.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Probabilistic Resource Adequacy Suite (PRAS)

Powered By PRAS features the Probabilistic Resource Adequacy Suite (PRAS), an open-source, research-oriented collection of tools for analyzing the resource adequacy of bulk power systems. PRAS performs low-fidelity, high-speed simulations of multi-region power system operations, considering hundreds of thousands of years of unplanned resource outages to quantify the risk and potential nature of energy supply shortfalls in probabilistic terms.

demand↗