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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,063 records · Page 59
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DOE OSTI2012

A 233 km tunnel for lepton and hadron colliders

A decade ago, a cost analysis was conducted to bore a 233 km circumference Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) tunnel passing through Fermilab. Here we outline implementations of e{sup +}e{sup -}, pp-bar , and {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -} collider rings in this tunnel using recent technological innovations. The 240 and 500 GeV e{sup +}e{sup -} colliders employ Crab Waist Crossings, ultra low emittance damped bunches, short vertical IP focal lengths, superconducting RF, and low coercivity, grain oriented silicon steel/concrete dipoles. Some details are also provided for a high luminosity 240 GeV e{sup +}e{sup -} collider and 1.75 TeV muon accelerator in a Fermilab site filler tunnel. The 40 TeV pp-bar collider uses the high intensity Fermilab p-bar source, exploits high cross sections for pp-bar production of high mass states, and uses 2 Tesla ultra low carbon steel/YBCO superconducting magnets run with liquid neon. The 35 TeV muon ring ramps the 2 Tesla superconducting magnets at 9 Hz every 0.4 seconds, uses 250 GV of superconducting RF to accelerate muons from 1.75 to 17.5 TeV in 63 orbits with 71% survival, and mitigates neutrino radiation with phase shifting, roller coaster motion in a FODO lattice.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Toward construction of the unified lepton-nucleus interaction model from a few hundred MeV to GeV region

Next generation neutrino oscillation experiments will need a quantitative understanding of neutrino-nucleus interaction far better than ever. Kinematics covered by the relevant neutrino-nucleus interaction spans wide region, from the quasi-elastic, through the resonance region, to the deeply inelastic scattering region. The neutrino-nucleus interaction in each region has quite different characteristics. Obviously, it is essential to combine different expertise to construct a unified model that covers all the kinematical region of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. Recently, several experimentalists and theorists got together to form a collaboration to tackle this problem. In this contribution, we report the collaboration’s recent activity and a goal in near future.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

A LEPTONIC MODEL OF STEADY HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM Sgr A*

Recent observations of Sgr A* by Fermi and HESS have detected steady {gamma}-ray emission in the GeV and TeV bands. We present a new model to explain the GeV {gamma}-ray emission by inverse Compton scattering by nonthermal electrons supplied by the NIR/X-ray flares of Sgr A*. The escaping electrons from the flare regions accumulate in a region with a size of {approx}10{sup 18} cm and magnetic fields of {approx}< 10{sup -4} G. Those electrons produce {gamma}-rays by inverse Compton scattering off soft photons emitted by stars and dust around the central black hole. By fitting the GeV spectrum, we find constraints on the magnetic field and the energy density of optical-UV radiation in the central 1 pc region around the supermassive black hole. While the GeV spectrum is well fitted by our model, the TeV {gamma}-rays, whose spectral index is different from that of the GeV emission, may be from different sources such as pulsar wind nebulae.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A hadronic-leptonic model for the Fermi bubbles: Cosmic-rays in the galactic halo and radio emission

We investigate non-thermal emission from the Fermi bubbles in a hadronic model. Cosmic-ray (CR) protons are accelerated at the forward shock of the bubbles. They interact with the background gas in the Galactic halo and create π{sup 0}-decay gamma-rays and secondary electrons through proton-proton interaction. We follow the evolution of the CR protons and electrons by calculating their distribution functions. We find that the spectrum and the intensity profiles of π{sup 0}-decay gamma-rays are consistent with observations. We predict that the shock front is located far ahead of the gamma-ray boundary of the Fermi bubbles. This naturally explains the fact that a clear temperature jump of thermal gas was not discovered at the gamma-ray boundary in recent Suzaku observations. We also consider re-acceleration of the background CRs in the Galactic halo at the shock front. We find that it can significantly affect the gamma-rays from the Fermi bubbles, unless the density of the background CRs is ≲ 10% of that in the Galactic disk. We indicate that secondary electrons alone cannot produce the observed radio emission from the Fermi bubbles. However, the radio emission from the outermost region of the bubbles can be explained if electrons are directly accelerated at the shock front with an efficiency of ∼0.1% of that of protons.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Constraints on lepton asymmetry from nucleosynthesis in a linearly coasting cosmology

We study the effect of neutrino degeneracy on primordial nucleosynthesis in a universe in which the cosmological scale factor evolves linearly with time. The degeneracy parameter of electron type neutrinos (ξ{sub e}) determines the n/p (neutron to proton) ratio, which in turn determines the abundance of {sup 4}He in a manner quite distinct from the Standard Scenario. The observed abundances of {sup 4}He, Y{sub P} = 0.254 ± 0.003, and the minimum metallicity that is essential for fragmentation and cooling processes in star forming prestellar gas clouds (Z = Z{sub cr} = 10{sup −6}Z{sub ⊙}), constrain the baryon to photon ratio, η{sub B} = (3.927±0.292)10{sup −9}, corresponding to a baryonic matter density, Ω{sub B} = 0.263 ± 0.026 and ξ{sub e} = -2.165 ± 0.171. This closes the dynamic mass estimates of matter in the universe, obtained from large scale velocity dispersion in galaxy clusters, by baryons alone. Useful byproducts are the threshold X(CNO) abundances required to trigger the CNO cycle in the observed low metallicity stars in the universe.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Lepton asymmetry rate from quantum field theory: NLO in the hierarchical limit

The rates for generating a matter-antimatter asymmetry in extensions of the Standard Model (SM) containing right-handed neutrinos are the most interesting and least trivial co\-efficients in the rate equations for baryogenesis through thermal leptogenesis. We obtain a relation of these rates to finite-temperature real-time correlation functions, similar to the Kubo formulas for transport coefficients. Then we consider the case of hierarchical masses for the sterile neutrinos. At leading order in their Yukawa couplings we find a simple master formula which relates the rates to a single finite temperature three-point spectral function. It is valid to all orders in g , where g denotes a SM gauge or quark Yukawa coupling. We use it to compute the rate for generating a matter-antimatter asymmetry at next-to-leading order in g in the non-relativistic regime. The corrections are of order g {sup 2}, and they amount to 4% or less.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Reconstruction and identification of $\tau$ lepton decays to hadrons and $\nu_\tau$ at CMS

This paper describes the algorithms used by the CMS experiment to reconstruct and identify τ→ hadrons + v t decays during Run 1 of the LHC. The performance of the algorithms is studied in proton-proton collisions recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 . The algorithms achieve an identification efficiency of 50–60%, with misidentification rates for quark and gluon jets, electrons, and muons between per mille and per cent levels.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Final cooling for a high-energy high-luminosity lepton collider

Here, a high-energy muon collider requires a 'final cooling' system that reduces transverse emittance by a factor of ~ 10, while allowing the longitudinal emittance to increase. The baseline approach has low-energy transverse cooling within high-field solenoids, with strong longitudinal heating. This approach and its recent simulation are discussed. Alternative approaches, which more explicitly include emittance exchange are also presented. Round-to-flat beam transform, transverse slicing, and longitudinal bunch coalescence are possible components of an alternative approach. Wedge-based emittance exchange could provide much of the required transverse cooling with longitudinal heating. Li-lens and quadrupole focusing systems could also provide much of the required final cooling.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Lepton scattering from Ar 40 and Ti 48 in the quasielastic peak region

Neutron and proton spectral functions of 40 Ar, 40 Ca, and 48 Ti isotopes are computed using the ab initio self-consistent Green's function approach. The resulting radii and charge distributions are in good agreement with available experimental data. The spectral functions of Ar and Ti are then utilized to calculate inclusive (e,e') cross sections within a factorization scheme and are found to correctly reproduce the recent Jefferson Lab measurements. Based on these successful agreements, the weak charged and neutral current double-differential cross sections for neutrino- 40 Ar scattering are predicted in the quasielastic region. Finally, results obtained by replacing the (experimentally inaccessible) neutron spectral distribution of 40 Ar with the (experimentally accessible) proton distribution of 48 Ti are compared and the accuracy of this approximation is assessed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Reply to “Comment on ‘Quasielastic lepton scattering and back-to-back nucleons in the short-time approximation’ ”

We briefly review the concept of scaling and how it occurs in quasielastic electron and neutrino scattering from nuclei, and then the particular approach to scaling in the short-time approximation. We show that, while two-nucleon currents do significantly enhance the transverse electromagnetic response, they do not spoil scaling, but in fact enhance it. We provide scaling results obtained in the short-time approximation that verify this claim. The enhanced scaling is not 'accidental' as claimed in Ref. [1] but rather reflects the dominant role played by pion exchange interactions and currents in the quasielastic regime.

Pastore, S. (ORCID:0000000217357618)↗