A circuit model for electromagnetic properties of waveguide arcs
A dielectric model of waveguide arcs is presented to relate measurable electromagnetic quantities to the physical parameters characterizing the breakdown process.
Yen, J. C.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Electromagnets”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Electromagnetic plasma wave emissions from the auroral field lines
The most important types of auroral radio emissions are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the following four types of electromagnetic emissions: auroral hiss, saucers, ELF noise bands, and auroral kilometric radiation. It is shown that the auroral hiss and auroral kilometric radiation are generated along the auroral field lines relatively close to the earth, at radial distances in the range of 2.5-5 earth radii, probably in direct association with auroral-particle acceleration by parallel electric fields. The auroral hiss appears to be generated by amplified Cerenkov radiation. Several mechanisms are proposed for the auroral kilometric radiation, usually involving the intermediate generation of electrostatic waves by the precipitating electrons.
Gurnett, D. A.↗
Proton-driven electromagnetic instabilities in high-speed solar wind streams
Electromagnetic instabilities of the field-aligned, right-hand circularly polarized magnetosonic wave and the left-hand circularly polarized Alfven wave driven by two drifted proton components are analyzed for model parameters determined from Imp 7 solar wind proton data measured during high-speed flow conditions. Growth rates calculated using bi-Lorentzian forms for the main and beam proton as well as core and halo electron velocity distributions do not differ significantly from those calculated using bi-Maxwellian forms. Using distribution parameters determined from 17 measured proton spectra, we show that considering the uncertainties the magnetosonic wave may be linearly stable and the Alfven wave is linearly unstable. Because proton velocity distribution function shapes are observed to persist for times long compared to the proton gyroperiod, the latter result suggests that linear stability theory fails for proton-driven ion cyclotron waves in the high-speed solar wind.
Abraham-Shrauner, B.↗
Nonlinear development of an electromagnetic filamentation instability
A simplified model of an electromagnetic filamentation instability that arises when two counterstreaming electron beams pass through a uniform ion background is treated by statistical mechanical techniques borrowed from fluid turbulence theory. Accumulation of magnetic energy at long wavelengths is predicted, as observed in the numerical simulations of Lee and Lampe.
Montgomery, D.↗
Soft-photon emission effects and radiative corrections for electromagnetic processes at very high energies
Higher-order electromagnetic processes involving particles at ultrahigh energies are discussed, with particular attention given to Compton scattering with the emission of an additional photon (double Compton scattering). Double Compton scattering may have significance in the interaction of a high-energy electron with the cosmic blackbody photon gas. At high energies the cross section for double Compton scattering is large, though this effect is largely canceled by the effects of radiative corrections to ordinary Compton scattering. A similar cancellation takes place for radiative pair production and the associated radiative corrections to the radiationless process. This cancellation is related to the well-known cancellation of the infrared divergence in electrodynamics.
Gould, R. J.↗
Electromagnetic multipole fields of neutron stars
A formalism is developed for treating general multipole electromagnetic fields of neutron stars. The electric multipoles induced in a neutron star by its rotation with an arbitrary magnetic multipole at its center are presented. It is shown how to express a family of off-centered multipoles having the same l weight as an infinite array of centered multipoles of increasing l weight referred to the rotational axis. General expressions are given for the linear momentum present in the superposition of arbitrary multipole fields, and the results are combined to compute the radiation rate of linear momentum by an off-centered dipole to zeroth order in the parameter Omega x R/c. The general Deutsch (1955) solution is then rederived in a clear consistent manner, and some minor additions and corrections are provided.
Roberts, W. J.↗
Electromagnetic backscattering from a random distribution of lossy dielectric scatterers
Electromagnetic backscattering from a sparse distribution of discrete lossy dielectric scatterers occupying a region 5 was studied. The scatterers are assumed to have random position and orientation. Scattered fields are calculated by first finding the mean field and then by using it to define an equivalent medium within the volume 5. The scatterers are then viewed as being embedded in the equivalent medium; the distorted Born approximation is then used to find the scattered fields. This technique represents an improvement over the standard Born approximation since it takes into account the attenuation of the incident and scattered waves in the equivalent medium. The method is used to model a leaf canopy when the leaves are modeled by lossy dielectric discs.
Lang, R. H.↗
A wave guide model of lightning currents and their electromagnetic field
Lightning channels are considered as resonant wave guides in which only standing resonant wave modes can be excited. Two types of discharging currents develop. Type 1 is an aperiodic wave; type 2 is a damped oscillation. The electromagnetic radiation field of both types of currents is calculated and compared with the observation.
Volland, H.↗
Electromagnetic sensors for general lightning application
Electromagnetic sensors for general lightning applications in measuring environment are discussed as well as system response to the environment. This includes electric and magnetic fields, surface current and charge densities, and currents on conductors. Many EMP sensors are directly applicable to lightning measurements, but there are some special cases of lightning measurements involving direct strikes which require special design considerations for the sensors. The sensors and instrumentation used by NMIMT in collecting data on lightning at South Baldy peak in central New Mexico during the 1978 and 1979 lightning seasons are also discussed. The Langmuir Laboratory facilities and details of the underground shielded instrumentation room and recording equipment are presented.
Baum, C. E.↗
State-of-the-art methods for computing the electromagnetic interaction of lightning with aircraft
Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) coupling codes and methods are evaluated and summarized. The differences between NEMP and lightning interaction with aircraft are discussed and critical parameters peculiar to lightning are examined.
Eriksen, F. J.↗
Electromagnetic heating of minor planets in the early solar system
Electromagnetic processes occurring in the primordial solar system are likely to have significantly affected planetary evolution. In particular, electrical coupling of the kinetic energy of a dense T-Tauri-like solar wind into the interior of the smaller planets could have been a major driver of thermal metamorphism. Accordingly a grid of asteroid models of various sizes and solar distances was constructed using dc transverse magnetic induction theory. Plausible parameterizations with no requirement for a high environmental temperature led to complete melting for Vesta with no melting for Pallas and Ceres. High temperatures were reached in the Pallas model, perhaps implying nonmelting thermal metamorphosis as a cause of its anomalous spectrum. A reversal of this temperature sequence seems implausible, suggesting that the Ceres-Pallas-Vesta dichotomy is a natural outcome of the induction mechanism. Highly localized heating is expected to arise due to an instability in the temperature-controlled current distribution. Localized metamorphosis resulting from this effect may be relevant to the production and evolution of pallasites, the large presumed metal component of S object spectra, and the formation of the lunar magma ocean.
Herbert, F.↗
Solution of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems using a spectral domain approach - A review
This paper presents a brief review of some recent developments on the use of the spectral-domain approach for deriving high-frequency solutions to electromagnetics scattering and radiation problems. The spectral approach is not only useful for interpreting the well-known Keller formulas based on the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), it can also be employed for verifying the accuracy of GTD and other asymptotic solutions and systematically improving the results when such improvements are needed. The problem of plane wave diffraction by a finite screen or a strip is presented as an example of the application of the spectral-domain approach.
Mittra, R.↗
Electromagnetic deep-probing (100-1000 KMS) of the Earth's interior from artificial satellites: Constraints on the regional emplacement of crustal resources
The applicability of electromagnetic deep sounding experiments using natural sources in the magnetosphere by incorporating Magsat data with other geophysical data was evaluated. Magsat satellite data, ground based magnetic observations, appropriate reference field models, and other satellite data was analyzed. The optimal combination of observations which lead first to a global and then to a regional characterization of the conductivity of the Earth's upper mantle is sought.
Hermance, J. F.↗
Electromagnetic analysis for large reflector antennas
A comparison is made between the measured E and H plane patterns of the 35 GHz offset paraboloidal reflector and the calculated patterns for the same reflector using the 200 points to describe the surface. The accuracy of the computer prediction is quite good considering that the only description of the surface was the coordinates of a finite number of points on the reflector. The results indicate the possibility of acceptable accuracy in the prediction of electromagnetic performance for arbitrarily distorted reflectors using the coordinates of a practical number of measured points. An optimization of the number and distribution of points, and experimental verification for a distorted reflector are planned.
Bailey, M. C.↗
Snow Electromagnetic Measurements
An electromagnetic system is described for measuring the dielectric constant and attenuation of snow samples in the frequency range of 4 to 12 GHz. System components consists of a swept-frequency source, microwave horns, network analyzer, and XY plotter. The procedure for calibrating the effect of wetness on the snow properties is described. Equations are given that express the experimentally determined relation between attenuation per unit length and volume percent wetness at any frequency between 4 and 12 GHz. permittivity can be calculated from the snow density, attenuation per unit length, and frequency. Some applications of the techniques are described such as runoff forecasting from mountain snowpacks.
Linlor, W. I.↗
Theoretical investigation of the generation and injection of electromagnetic waves in space plasma by means of a long-orbiting tether
Analysis of the various mechanisms of electromagnetic wave generation by the shuttle-borne orbiting tether of the T.S.S. Facility shows that significant electrodynamic power levels are available even when overestimating the loss mechanisms expected to intervene. This electrodynamic power is in part dissipated by Joule losses in the tether, in part goes to accelerate electrons through the sheath surrounding the balloon (when in a downward deployment), and in part goes into e.m. wave generation. A preliminary estimate shows that a 100 km tether in orbit would produce ULF/ELF signals that are detectable on the ground with state-of-the-art magnetometric instrumentation.
Dobrowolny, M.↗
Electromagnetic field interactions with the human body: Observed effects and theories
The effects of nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) field interactions with the human body were reported and human related studies were collected. Nonionizing EM fields are linked to cancer in humans in three different ways: cause, means of detection, and effective treatment. Bad and benign effects are expected from nonionizing EM fields and much more knowledge is necessary to properly categorize and qualify EM field characteristics. It is concluded that knowledge of the boundary between categories, largely dependent on field intensity, is vital to proper future use of EM radiation for any purpose and the protection of the individual from hazard.
Raines, J. K.↗
Electromagnetic deep-probing (100-1000 kms) of the Earth's interior from artificial satellites: Constraints on the regional emplacement of crustal resources
Efforts continue in the development of a computer program for looking at the coupling of finite dimensioned source fields with a laterally heterogeneous Earth. An algorithm for calculating a time-varying reference field using ground-based magnetic observatory data is also under development as part of the production of noise-free estimates of global electromagnetic response functions using Magsat data.
Hermance, J. F.↗