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At least 1,063 records · Page 59
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

A measurement of proton-carbon forward scattering in a proof-of-principle test of the EMPHATIC spectrometer

The next generation of long-baseline neutrino experiments will be capable of precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, precision neutrino-nucleus scattering, and unprecedented sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. Reduced uncertainties in neutrino fluxes are necessary to achieve high precision and sensitivity in these future precise neutrino measurements. New measurements of hadron-nucleus interaction cross sections are needed to reduce uncertainties of neutrino fluxes. We report measurements of the differential cross-section as a function of scattering angle for proton-carbon interactions with a single charged particle in the final state at beam momenta of 20, 30, and 120 GeV/c. These measurements are the result of a beam test for EMPHATIC, a hadron-scattering and hadron-production experiment. The total, elastic and inelastic cross-sections are also extracted from the data and compared to previous measurements. These results can be used in current and future long-baseline neutrino experiments, and demonstrate the feasibility of future measurements by an upgraded EMPHATIC spectrometer.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Continuing Analysis of Charge Current Interactions in ANNIE

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov detector on the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB).Using νμ in the energy range of 500 to 1000 MeV, ANNIE is designed to measure final-state neutrons.In this poster we will cover the ongoing analysis work exploring Charged-Current neutrino interactions. Charged-Current (CC) νμ interactions in this regime have uncertainties in the relative contributions of quasielastic and res- onance production. Together with intranuclear final-state interactions (FSI) and missing hadronic energy, these interactions drive important biases in neutrino energy reconstruction. ANNIE mit- igates these effects by combining muon kinematics from the downstream Muon Range Detector (MRD) with neutron identification via delayed gamma cascades from thermal captures on gadolin- ium. We characterize CC0π and Δ samples by measuring neutron multiplicity versus event topology and reconstructed kinematics, comparing neutron-tagged data to interaction-model predictions to probe resonance production and pion FSI/absorption

Fleming, Dylon [UC, Davis; Fermilab] (ORCID:000000↗
DOE OSTI2026

Adjustable collimation for dark-field proton radiography contrast enhancement

A dark-field imaging condition established through pre- and post-object beam collimation has been tested for a variety of different settings at the proton radiography facility (pRad) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This technique facilitates imaging of thin samples and materials with small areal density changes with 800 MeV protons that would otherwise appear nearly transparent for high energy protons. In the configuration that was examined, the pre-object (upstream) collimator is utilized to remove protons with large scattering angles prior to the target object. The post-object collimation entails a combination of a conventional collimator, which eliminates protons with large scattering angles after target interaction, and an inverse collimator. The inverse collimator removes unscattered protons traveling on the beam axis and those with smaller scattering angles up to a desired angle. This establishes a dark-field condition by permitting solely protons that exhibit scattering angles from target interaction within a designated range to contribute to the image. This study explores the potential of combining different sized collimators for pre- and post-object collimation. The objective is to optimize contrast for a range of samples with minimal areal density variations. A series of dark-field conditions are explored employing a remote-controlled collimator wheel and the contrast-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, and proton transmission are compared for those combinations. It is found that the contrast-to-noise ratio can be substantially enhanced for thin samples and low areal density objects, thereby facilitating capturing high-contrast images of objects that were previously invisible to high energy protons.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of the π - -Ar total hadronic cross section at the LArIAT experiment

We present the first measurement of the negative pion total hadronic cross section on argon in a restricted phase space, which we performed at the Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) experiment. All hadronic reaction channels, as well as hadronic elastic interactions with scattering angle greater than 5° are included. The pions have kinetic energies in the range 100–700 MeV and are produced by a beam of charged particles impinging on a solid target at the Fermilab test beam facility. LArIAT employs a 0.24 ton active mass liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) to measure the pion hadronic interactions. For this measurement, LArIAT has developed the “thin slice method,” a new technique to measure cross sections with LArTPCs. While moderately higher, our measurement of the π - -Ar total hadronic cross section is generally in agreement with the geant4 prediction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

MicroBooNE Electron Neutrino Cross Sections without Visible Pions

MicroBooNE is an 85-tonne liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) at Fermilab. It collected data from two different beam lines between 2015 and 2020 and has since released a large number of neutrino cross section results on argon. These inform neutrino interaction modelling in view of next generation LArTPCs such as the upcoming DUNE experiment. We present new measurements of the electron neutrino charged current pionless cross section on argon in the MicroBooNE detector. These measurements are essential to DUNE’s oscillation analysis as they impact the predicted interaction rate of the main flavor appearance signal. Two measurements are presented, one that leverages the full on-axis MicroBooNE Booster Neutrino Beam dataset while the other uses about 30% of the 8° off-axis Neutrino at the Main Injector beam dataset. Two channels can be considered: with or without a visible pion in the final state. Both measurements consider events with visible protons and the BNB measurement also measures electron neutrinos across the proton visibility threshold. Differential cross sections are extracted in proton and electron kinematics. The relationship between the hadronic and leptonic systems is explored through the angle between the proton and electron directions. The resulting cross sections are compared to a variety of generator predictions using different models of neutrino interactions. We find overall good agreement with most models, especially in lepton kinematics.

Mellet, Lucile [Michigan State U.]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mechanical Design of the Interaction Region Dipole B1pF for Electron Ion Collider

Here, the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), planned for construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will consist of two intersecting beams of intense electrons and high-energy protons or heavier atomic nuclei. The collider will need many demanding components, including high field superconducting magnets for the Interaction Region (IR). It has been decided that a prototype of one such magnet, the B1pF dipole, shall be built, to validate design choices common to all Rutherford cable dipole and quadrupole IR magnets. B1pF is one of several high field magnets in the interaction region whose design is based on the 15.1 mm wide NbTi cable, a cable like the one used in the main dipole coil of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The current design is based on a single layer coil with an inner diameter of 300 mm and magnetic length of ~3 m which generates a magnetic field at the center of the magnet of about 3.7 T at a current of ~11 kA at design. This paper presents the mechanical design of the B1pF dipole magnet, and the R&D effort associated with the development of the prototype, including tests for successfully winding and curing coils of the needed configuration into proper structural and magnetic elements, and including a multilayer magnetic return yoke which meets field requirements while providing an initial reduced structure suitable for operational testing in an existing test facility.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Neutrino oscillation prospects with a dual-baseline beam from BNL to SNOLAB and SURF

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a next-generation accelerator primarily designed to study the internal structure of nucleons through high-precision electron-hadron collisions. In this work, we explore the feasibility of employing a 1 MW fraction of the EIC proton beam to generate a high-intensity GeV-scale neutrino beam for long-baseline oscillation studies. We have simulated proton-target interactions and optimize the resulting neutrino fluxes for water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) detectors located at distinct baselines of 900 km and at 2900 km. Oscillation analyses performed with GLoBES show that extended baselines allow access to multiple oscillation maxima, significantly enhancing sensitivity to leptonic CP violation. The study also examines the interplay between matter effects and the intrinsic CP violating phase in shaping observable asymmetries. We note that simplified systematics and no backgrounds are used in this analysis to establish the baseline physics potential. These results suggest that the EIC proton beam could provide a novel and complementary source for precision neutrino physics, extending the scientific reach of the EIC program.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1992

A second-order theory for transverse ion heating and momentum coupling due to electrostatic ion cyclotron waves

A second-order theory for electrostatic instabilities driven by counterstreaming ion beams is developed which describes momentum coupling and heating of the plasma via wave-particle interactions. Exchange rates between the waves and particles are derived, which are suitable for the fluid equations simulating microscopic effects on macroscopic scales. Using a fully kinetic simulation, the electrostatic ion cyclotron instability due to counterstreaming H(+) beams has been simulated. A power spectrum from the kinetic simulation is used to evaluate second-order exchange rates. The calculated heating and momentum loss from second-order theory is compared to the numerical simulation.

Miller, Ronald H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Design concepts for a high-impedance narrow-band 42 GHz power TWT using a fundamental/forward ladder-based circuit

A low-cost, narrowband, millimeter wave space communications TWT design was studied. Cold test interaction structure scale models were investigated and analyses were undertaken to predict the electrical and thermal response of the hypothetical 200 W TWT at 42 GHz and 21 kV beam voltage. An intentionally narrow instantaneous bandwidth (1%, with the possibility of electronic tuning of the center frequency over several percent) was sought with a highly dispersive, high impedance "forward wave' interaction structure based on a ladder (for economy in fabrication) and nonspace harmonic interaction, for a high gain rate and a short, economically focused tube. The "TunneLadder' interaction structure devised combines ladder properties with accommodation for a pencil beam. Except for the impedance and bandwidth, there is much in common with the millimeter wave helix TWTs which provided the ideal of diamond support rods. The benefits of these are enhanced in the TunneLadder case because of spatial separation of beam interception and RF current heating.

Karp, A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Visual perception of accelerated nitrogen nuclei interacting with the human retina.

Visual phenomena have now been observed in high-energy nitrogen beams produced at the Berkeley Bevatron. Using a nitrogen beam deflected at about 266 MeV/nucleon, three scientifically trained subjects made a series of observations. These observations confirm earlier hypotheses and argue for electronic excitation in or near the outer segments as the important mechanism. A picture showing a simplified anatomy of the left eye in horizontal section is presented. Three regions where various beam positions intercepted visual nervous structures are indicated.

Budinger, T. F.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Control structure interactions in large space structures Analysis using energy approach

A simple energy approach to study the problem of control structure interactions in large space structures is presented. For the illustrative cases of free-free beam and free rectangular plate, the vibrational energy imparted during operation of constant and pulsed thrusters is found in a nondimensional form. Then based on a parametric study, suggestions are made on the choice of the thruster location and parameters to minimize the control structure interactions.

Shrivastava, S. K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Dynamics of atom-surface interactions

Scattering techniques currently being used to examine the dynamics and energetics of gas-surface energy exchange processes and gas-surface reaction mechanisms are reviewed. In particular, recent inelastic scattering measurements are highlighted which are revealing the microscopic basis for collision-induced gas-surface energy exchange, e.g., which surface vibrational modes actively participate in translational energy accommodation. Reactive scattering and laser desorptive experiments which examine energy disposal in volatile products are also discussed. Finally, an efficient atomic oxygen beam source is described which is suitable for terrestrial studies of gas-surface interactions.

Sibener, Steven J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Solid Freeform Fabrication: An Enabling Technology for Future Space Missions

The emerging class of direct manufacturing processes known as Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) employs a focused energy beam and metal feedstock to build structural parts directly from computer aided design (CAD) data. Some variations on existing SFF techniques have potential for application in space for a variety of different missions. This paper will focus on three different applications ranging from near to far term to demonstrate the widespread potential of this technology for space-based applications. One application is the on-orbit construction of large space structures, on the order of tens of meters to a kilometer in size. Such structures are too large to launch intact even in a deployable design; their extreme size necessitates assembly or erection of such structures in space. A low-earth orbiting satellite with a SFF system employing a high-energy beam for high deposition rates could be employed to construct large space structures using feedstock launched from Earth. A second potential application is a small, multifunctional system that could be used by astronauts on long-duration human exploration missions to manufacture spare parts. Supportability of human exploration missions is essential, and a SFF system would provide flexibility in the ability to repair or fabricate any part that may be damaged or broken during the mission. The system envisioned would also have machining and welding capabilities to increase its utility on a mission where mass and volume are extremely limited. A third example of an SFF application in space is a miniaturized automated system for structural health monitoring and repair. If damage is detected using a low power beam scan, the beam power can be increased to perform repairs within the spacecraft or satellite structure without the requirement of human interaction or commands. Due to low gravity environment for all of these applications, wire feedstock is preferred to powder from a containment, handling, and safety standpoint. The energy beams may be either electron beam or laser, and the developments required for either energy source to achieve success in these applications will be discussed.

Taminger, Karen M. B.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Strong-field QED experiments using the BELLA PW laser dual beamlines

The petawatt (PW) laser facility of the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) Center has recently commissioned its second laser pulse transport line. This new beamline can be operated in parallel with the first beamline and enables strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF-QED) experiments at BELLA. In this paper, we present an overview of the upgraded BELLA PW facility with a SF-QED experimental layout in which intense laser pulses collide with GeV-class laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beams. We present simulation results showing that experiments will allow the study of laser-particle interactions from the classical to the SF-QED regime with a nonlinear quantum parameter of up to χ ~2. Additionally, we show that experiments will enable the study and production of GeV-class, mrad-divergence positron beams via the Breit–Wheeler process. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Status of 1eNp0π Charged-Current Electron Neutrino Cross Section on Argon in the NuMI Beam at ICARUS

The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program is designed to probe short-baseline neutrino anomalies, including the LSND electron neutrino excess and the MiniBooNE low-energy excess. Essential to interpreting these anomalies and to the success of future experiments like DUNE, is the precise measurement of neutrino-argon interaction cross sections. The program utilizes two liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detectors: the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) located 110 meters downstream from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) target, and the ICARUS detector positioned 600 meters downstream. Additionally, the ICARUS detector lies off-axis to the NuMI beamline, providing a unique, high-statistics flux of electron neutrinos and sensitivity to energies that overlap with the DUNE spectrum. To analyze the data from these detectors, we have begun employing a machine-learning-based reconstruction algorithm referred to as “Scalable Particle Imaging with Neural Embeddings” (SPINE). SPINE has shown improvement in the ability to reconstruct the properties of final state particles in the detector, like the particle ID and momentum, with the potential to enhance the quality of measurements achievable within the SBN Program e.g., the resolution on kinematics used in differential cross section extraction. This poster presents progress toward measuring the electron neutrino argon interaction cross section in the 1eNp0π topology using the NuMI beam, highlighting the impact of SPINE through the ability to select signal events across a wide kinematic range without sacrificing background rejection power.

Carber, Dan [Colorado State U.] (ORCID:00090006451↗
NASA NTRS1975

Nonlinear transient neutralization theory of ion beams with dissipation

An analytical theory of nonlinear neutralization waves generated by injection of electrons from a grid in the direction of a homogeneous ion beam of uniform velocity and infinite extension is presented. The electrons are assumed to interact with the ions through the self-consistent space charge field and by strong collective interactions. The associated nonlinear boundary-value problem is solved in closed form by means of a von Mises transformation. It is shown that the electron gas moves into the ion space in the form of a discontinuous neutralization wave. This periodic wave structure is damped out by intercomponent momentum transfer, i.e., after a few relaxation lengths a quasi-neutral beam results. The relaxation scale in space agrees with neutralization experiments of rarefied ion beams, if the collective momentum transfer between the electron and ion streams is assumed to be of the Buneman type.

Wilhelm, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Multiple-mode large deflection random response of beams with nonlinear damping subjected to acoustic excitation

Multiple-mode nonlinear analysis is carried out for beams subjected to acoustic excitation. Effects of both nonlinear damping and large-deflection are included in the analysis in an attempt to explain the experimental phenomena of aircraft panels excited at high sound pressure levels; that is the broadening of the strain response peaks and the increase of modal frequency. An amplitude dependent nonlinear damping model is used in the anlaysis to study the effects and interactions of multiple modes, nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping on the random response of beams. Mean square maximum deflection, mean square maximum strain, and spectral density function of maximum strain for simple supported and clamped beams are obtained. It is shown analytically that nonlinear damping contributes significantly to the broadening of the response peak and to the mean square deflection and strain.

Prasad, C. B.↗