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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Harmonizing Multi-Disciplinary Data for Applied Research: A Comprehensive Analysis of GES DISC Datasets through NLP and TF-IDF Techniques

Data centers distribute data encompassing multiple disciplines, making it necessary to evaluate dataset applicability to applied research. Typically, these datasets are generated by specialized science teams and consist of single-discipline data, such as atmospheric temperature, pressure, and precipitation, leading to unique dataset formats and access services. However, in applied research, the utilization of datasets from multiple disciplines is commonly necessary. The increasing availability of research literature citing Earth Science datasets presents an opportunity to analyze the usage of datasets in multi-disciplinary research. This study proposes a novel approach wherein research publications citing datasets archived at the GES DISC (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center) are collected, and each publication is associated with specific research topics through the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP), using the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) technique on the publication titles and abstracts. Through this analysis, we gain insights into the distribution of dataset disciplines as they are being used in various applied research areas. This knowledge is essential for the development of dataset tools and services tailored to effectively support applied research studies, as it enhances a data center's comprehension of how datasets from multiple disciplines are integrated into research endeavors.

Infometrics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Special Section on Local and Distributed Electricity Markets

Driven by the goals of clean energy and zero carbon emissions, the power industry is undergoing significant transformations. The rapid growth of diverse distributed energy resources (DERs) at grid edge such as rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicles is transforming the traditional centralized power grid management to a decentralized, bottom-up, and localized control paradigm. Establishing local and distribution-level electricity markets provides an effective solution to managing large amounts of small-scale DERs. New regulations such as the recent FERC Order 2222 in the U.S. open the door to DERs in the wholesale markets. Through coordinating the local and distribution-level markets with the transmission-level wholesale market, the DERs and prosumers can trade energy and flexibility locally with each other and meanwhile provide energy, flexibility and ancillary services to the bulk power grid. During this transition, there are many new technical challenges to address, calling for innovative ideas and interdisciplinary research in this promising direction. Advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) are needed, as a key enabler, for the development and practical implementation of local and distribution electricity markets. Research into local and distribution markets is strongly interdisciplinary, involving the state of the art in power engineering, economics, and digital/information technology. A broad spectrum of contributors from universities, industry, research laboratories and policy makers is sought to develop and present solutions and technologies that will facilitate and advance practical applications and implementations of local and distribution-level electricity markets to uncover the values of DERs.

distributed energy resources↗
DOE OSTI2021

Research Priorities and Opportunities in United States Wholesale Electricity Markets

The power system is currently undergoing a number of changes, including a rapidly evolving resource mix, growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), more active consumer participation, increased deployment of energy storage and hybrid resources, and more advanced communication and control requirements. These changes in the power system present numerous technical, economic, implementation, and policy challenges and research opportunities for power system operators. To help address these challenges, a collaboration among five research institutions—Argonne National Laboratory, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Electric Power Research Institute, and Johns Hopkins University—has been established to provide technical assistance to the seven U.S. Independent System Operators (ISOs) and Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs). The 3-year project aims to leverage the advanced methods, tools, datasets, and resources of the collaborators to provide robust analytical support to address the high-priority market challenges that will be faced in the 2- to 10-year time horizon.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS2006

Spread and SpreadRecorder An Architecture for Data Distribution

The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) project at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has been measuring the microgravity environment of the space shuttle, the International Space Station, MIR, sounding rockets, drop towers, and aircraft since 1991. The Principle Investigator Microgravity Services (PIMS) project at NASA GRC has been collecting, analyzing, reducing, and disseminating over 3 terabytes of collected SAMS and other microgravity sensor data to scientists so they can understand the disturbances that affect their microgravity science experiments. The years of experience with space flight data generation, telemetry, operations, analysis, and distribution give the SAMS/ PIMS team a unique perspective on space data systems. In 2005, the SAMS/PIMS team was asked to look into generalizing their data system and combining it with the nascent medical instrumentation data systems being proposed for ISS and beyond, specifically the Medical Computer Interface Adapter (MCIA) project. The SpreadRecorder software is a prototype system developed by SAMS/PIMS to explore ways of meeting the needs of both the medical and microgravity measurement communities. It is hoped that the system is general enough to be used for many other purposes.

Wright, Ted↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electric Water Heaters for Transactive Systems: Model Evaluations and Performance Quantification

Electric water heaters (EWHs) are opportune appliances for implementing demand-side control. EWH models serve as a fundamental step toward accurately estimating EWH flexibility potential and designing proper control strategies. Existing studies have adapted numerous modeling approaches in evaluating the potential of EWHs for a variety of grid applications. This paper presents an analytical study that evaluates the performance of state-of-art EWH models in terms of accuracy and computational complexity for adaptation in evaluation studies for the transactive system. The work proposes a transactive control strategy that optimally utilizes the thermal inertia of EWHs for providing grid services. Here, the performance of the control strategy and the impact of modeling accuracy is evaluated for device-level and feeder-level use cases using the IEEE 123 node test distribution system appropriately populated with EWHs. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy in reducing the feeder demand during peak period by 13% and also quantities the impact of using simplified modeling approaches for determining the potential of EWHs for providing grid services.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Community-Based Transactive Coordination Mechanism for Enabling Grid Edge Systems

The changing landscape of the electricity industry, characterized by a surge in distributed energy resources (DERs) and proactive customers, necessitates practical solutions for coordinated operations especially at the distribution-level. This paper introduces a community-based transactive coordination mechanism designed to incentivize customers for providing localized and system-level services reflected through real-time prices. The work presents a bidding approach for communities with DERs, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS), to formulate their price-responsiveness for retail energy coordination, emphasizing a community-centric model. By sending bidding curves to a third-party, the mechanism enables customers with DER assets to actively participate in localized coordination with the load serving entity (LSE), thereby supplementing each other’s and even the utilities needs through a shared energy economy. The proposed transactive mechanism is implemented leveraging a co-simulation framework that integrates a distribution grid simulator and Python-based agents for performance evaluation. Collaboration with a local utility to access real distribution feeder models and consumption profiles yields simulation results demonstrating the potential to reduce costs by 12\% for communities with DERs like PV and BESS.

Community-based coordination, grid-edge systems, R↗
DOE OSTI2021

238 PuO 2 In Vitro Lung Dissolution Rate and Particle Size Determination for Material Involved in the June 8, 2020 Incident at the Los Alamos National Laboratory PF-4 Facility

As part of the LANL response to the June 8, 2020 238 PuO 2 inhalation exposure incident in PF-4, the Nuclear and Radiochemistry Group (C-NR) was asked to assist in determining the lung dissolution rate and particle size distribution of the airborne material. These material characteristics, along with urine and fecal bioassay data, are used by the Radiation Protection Services (RP-SVS) internal dosimetrists to refine dose estimates for exposed workers. Similar to previous studies, an in vitro lung dissolution rate study was performed to assess how fast 238 Pu is cleared from the lungs. Given that PuO 2 is a relatively insoluble material, it dissolves very slowly and requires in vitro studies of 100 or more days to estimate dissolution rates. This report details the results of a 100 day in vitro dissolution rate study and the particle size characteristics of 238 PuO 2 collected on an air filters during the incident. Results show that the 238 PuO 2 involved in this incident has behavior comparable to PuO 2 from previous in vitro studies, with approximately 1% of material dissolving quickly, and 99% of the material dissolving very slowly, with a half-time of approximately 120 years. This is somewhat slower than what was determined in a previous study of LANL 238 PuO 2 , which had an experimental dissolution half-time of 3 years, but significantly faster than 3000 years measured for 239 PuO 2 . Particle size distribution measurements indicate that particle sizes range from 0.10 µm – 6 µm, with most < 2 µm, which is reasonable based on our understanding of the process history of the 238 PuO 2 . Particle size, specific surface area, calcining temperature, specific activity, and age all are known factors that can impact the dissolution rate of refractory materials, however, there are too few studies to quantify the exact influence of these parameters on a measured dissolution rate. The results of this study add to that knowledge base, and provide new insights into the dissolution rates for this LANL process-specific 238 PuO 2 material.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterizing electrical panel capacity, breaker space, and loads in U.S. single-family homes

Electrical panels distribute electricity to appliances, equipment, and other building loads and maintain safety by preventing overloads of branch circuits, feeders, and utility service wires connecting homes to the grid. Load calculations in the National Electrical Code (NEC) determine the capacity of installed electrical panels in the United States, which are rated in amps (A). Circuit breakers within electrical panels affect the magnitude and number of loads that panels can serve. In home retrofits and renovations, existing electrical panels may not accommodate new electrical loads, either due to insufficient electrical capacity or a lack of available breaker spaces. Homes with these panel constraints may need to replace existing panels with new panels that have greater capacity and breaker space.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electric Access System Enhancement (EASE): Assessment of a Distributed Energy Resource Management System for Enabling Dynamic Hosting Capacity

The Electric Access System Enhancement (EASE) project demonstrated a scalable, interoperable, and cost-effective means of integrating high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). The control architecture developed leveraged a Distributed Energy Resource Management System, Distribution System Operator for transacting energy, and 3rd Party DER Aggregator platform. The project identified ways to enhance the customer interconnection process to the grid and improve access to information from DERs and optimize the usage of DERs to provide energy services in a simulated day-ahead shadow market while maintain grid reliability. By integrating these capabilities into a scalable system of systems, the DSO can effectively balance DER generation and customer demand on the distribution network. This capability allows the grid to host more DER than traditionally possible on wires alone. Hosting more DER has the added benefit of supplying increased demand growth, sometimes beyond the capacity limits of the distribution network itself. This is known as a dynamic hosting capacity, which could help utilities manage the forecasted growth in electricity demand as California switch to electric vehicles and appliances. This could help to establish energy storage and PV generation as a “pseudo firm” generation resource mix if managed appropriately and provide sufficient resource adequacy for distribution capacity upgrade deferrals.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Master Services Agreement - Flexible Feeder/Distribution System Support: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

PGE will engage NREL on a broad range of projects related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the utility's operations. This portfolio of work could include projects focused on DER adoption models, advanced distribution management system (ADMS) and distributed energy management system (DERMS) design, DER dispatch strategy development, and DER valuation framework development. Additional topics could include long-term energy planning, renewable energy, energy efficiency and demand-side management. As well as technology evaluations and design guidance for building retrofits and new construction projects, energy and energy infrastructure planning, policies, and markets (and their analysis), energy storage, energy security and resilience (including energy system-related cybersecurity), transportation and mobility, technology integration analysis. Additionally, other assistance as requested by PGE consistent with NREL’s expertise.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS1994

Fatigue reliability method with in-service inspections

The first reliability method (FORM) has traditionally been applied in a fatigue reliability setting to one inspection interval at a time, so that the random distribution of crack lengths must be recharacterized following each inspection. The FORM presented here allow each analysis to span several inspection periods without explicit characterization of the crack length distribution upon each inspection. The method thereby preserves the attractive feature of FORM in that relatively few realizations in the random variable space need to be considered. Examples are given which show that the present methodology gives estimates which are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations and is efficient even for complex components.

Harkness, H. H.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Blockchain for Fault-Tolerant Grid Operations

Distribution system fault/failure has a direct impact on customers. Distribution systems are not designed with the contingency of one or more elements failing as the transmission system, however, distribution systems are more likely to have faults in comparison to transmission and generation systems. Most of the distribution systems have a radial design with the protection system assumption of unidirectional power flow. The radial design results in the disconnection of customers for any given component failure. The rapid deployment of distributed energy resources conflicts with the assumption of unidirectional power flow. To maintain/improve the distribution system fault tolerance for a grid with high penetration of distributed energy resources requires improvement. Blockchain can add value to improve fault-tolerant grid operations. That can be achieved using blockchain’s core features of distributed consensus-based decision-making process and immutability. In the process of preparing for an event or system restoration, there is a need for reliable data and system situational awareness. The system situational awareness enables accurate planning for possible scenarios and system restoration after an event, an area where blockchain’s distributed architecture can help. The value of blockchain for a fault-tolerant grid operation is elaborated with three use cases: 1) fault location, isolation, and service restoration; 2) topology identification; and 3) data configuration. These use cases demonstrate how blockchain-based architecture can facilitate bridging the vulnerabilities of the existing implementation.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluating precipitation, streamflow, and inundation forecasting skills during extreme weather events: A case study for an urban watershed

Integrated forecasting systems for precipitation, streamflow, and floodplain inundation are of critical importance in mitigating the impacts of destructive floods caused by extreme weather events. However, the skills of streamflow and floodplain inundation forecasts derived from various Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) require a greater level of understanding. In this paper, a set of QPF developed by the National Weather Service (NWS) were used to drive a flood modeling system obtained utilizing offline coupling of a physics-based distributed hydrological model, the Distributed Hydrology Soil and Vegetation Model (DHSVM), and a hydrodynamic model, the Two-dimensional Runoff Inundation Toolkit for Operational Needs (TRITON). This flood modeling system was used to produce forecasts of streamflow and floodplain inundation maps during three major flood events in the Brays Bayou Watershed (Houston, Texas, USA) for a range of QPF durations (6–72 h). Then, to investigate the effects of increasing QPF durations on the forecasts, the forecasting skills of precipitation, streamflow, and floodplain inundation were quantified. The results show that: 1) QPF skills for more intense and sustained events such as hurricanes and tropical storms are higher than for shorter, less intense events; 2) while QPF and streamflow forecasting skills decrease as QPF durations increase, inundation forecasts under longer QPF durations (24 or 72 h) show higher skills; 3) extending the maximum QPF duration in operational hydrologic modeling from 24 h (under normal circumstances) to 72 h (for extreme events) may increase the skills of long lead time forecasts for large-scale events like Hurricane Harvey.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Effect of free surfaces on localized plastic deformation in single-crystal nickel containing helium bubbles and radiation-induced self-interstitial atom clusters

This paper presents molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of plastic deformation in single-crystal Ni models containing internal distributions of helium (He) bubbles and self-interstitial atom (SIA) clusters corresponding to experimental characterization of ex-service Inconel X-750 components. Here, we simulate single crystals with and without free surfaces at room temperature and 588K, the latter temperature corresponding to the Inconel X-750 service conditions. Both models are deformed under multiple slip to a maximum deviatoric strain of ~10 %. A dislocation slip band forms in the model without free surfaces, but not in the model with free surfaces. However, the latter exhibits nano-twin nucleation from surfaces. Helium (He) bubbles that overlap with a slip band or a nano-twinned region deform more severely than other bubbles in the model. Nevertheless, the bubbles do not link up and do not form configurations that resemble incipient cracks.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

The ATLAS experiment software on ARM

With an increased dataset obtained during the Run 3 of the LHC at CERN and the even larger expected increase of the dataset by more than one order of magnitude for the HL-LHC, the ATLAS experiment is reaching the limits of the current data processing model in terms of traditional CPU resources based on x86_64 architectures and an extensive program for software upgrades towards the HL-LHC has been set up. The ARM architecture is becoming a competitive and energy efficient alternative. Some surveys indicate its increased presence in HPCs and commercial clouds, and some WLCG sites have expressed their interest. Chip makers are also developing their next generation solutions on ARM architectures, sometimes combining ARM and GPU processors in the same chip. Consequently it is important that the ATLAS software embraces the change and is able to successfully exploit this architecture. We report on the successful porting to ARM of the Athena software framework, which is used by ATLAS for both online and offline computing operations. Furthermore we report on the successful validation of simulation workflows running on ARM resources. For this we have set up an ATLAS Grid site using ARM compatible middleware and containers on Amazon Web Services (AWS) ARM resources. The ARM version of Athena is fully integrated in the regular software build system and distributed in the same way as other software releases. In addition, the workflows have been integrated into the HEPscore benchmark suite which is the planned WLCG wide replacement of the HepSpec06 benchmark used for Grid site pledges. In the overall porting process we have used resources on AWS, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and CERN. A performance comparison of different architectures and resources will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Preparation of the Multi-Site Data Processing at the Vera C. Rubin Observatory

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Camera is scheduled to start taking data in the summer of 2025. The Data Release Production will run the LSST Science Pipe software at data facilities in the US, France and the UK. The LSST Science Pipeline consists of complex directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of tasks. Rubin will use the Production and Distributed Analysis (PanDA) workflow and workload management system to orchestrate this complex workflow and the distribution of workloads to the data facilities. When run end-to-end by a team of data production staff, this processing (the Science Pipelines, distributed by the workflow and workload management system) is referred to as a 'campaign'. This paper describes the central services and data facility specific services that support this multi-site data process model, including the service deployment infrastructure, the workload and workflow system, the Campaign Management tools, and connection to Rubin Data Management. This paper will also mention the experience of processing the Rubin Commissioning Camera data. All these are part of the effort to scale up the processing capabilities for the expected very large data volume from the LSST Camera.

Yang, Wei [SLAC]↗
DOE OSTI2022

Towards mapping biodiversity from above: Can fusing lidar and hyperspectral remote sensing predict taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic tree diversity in temperate forests?

Abstract Aim Rapid global change is impacting the diversity of tree species and essential ecosystem functions and services of forests. It is therefore critical to understand and predict how the diversity of tree species is spatially distributed within and among forest biomes. Satellite remote sensing platforms have been used for decades to map forest structure and function but are limited in their capacity to monitor change by their relatively coarse spatial resolution and the complexity of scales at which different dimensions of biodiversity are observed in the field. Recently, airborne remote sensing platforms making use of passive high spectral resolution (i.e., hyperspectral) and active lidar data have been operationalized, providing an opportunity to disentangle how biodiversity patterns vary across space and time from field observations to larger scales. Most studies to date have focused on single sites and/or one sensor type; here we ask how multiple sensor types from the National Ecological Observatory Network’s Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) perform across multiple sites in a single biome at the NEON field plot scale (i.e., 40 m × 40 m). Location Eastern USA. Time period 2017–2018. Taxa studied Trees. Methods With a fusion of hyperspectral and lidar data from the NEON AOP, we assess the ability of high resolution remotely sensed metrics to measure biodiversity variation across eastern US temperate forests. We examine how taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic measures of alpha diversity vary spatially and assess to what degree remotely sensed metrics correlate with in situ biodiversity metrics. Results Models using estimates of forest function, canopy structure, and topographic diversity performed better than models containing each category alone. Our results show that canopy structural diversity, and not just spectral reflectance, is critical to predicting biodiversity. Main conclusions We found that an approach that jointly leverages spectral properties related to leaf and canopy functional traits and forest health, lidar derived estimates of forest structure, fine‐resolution topographic diversity, and careful consideration of biogeographical differences within and among biomes is needed to accurately map biodiversity variation from above.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Field To Farm Aggregation For Agricultural Systems

The Fields to Farms methodology illustrates the generation of farm parcels from the Crop Data Layer (CDL), a raster dataset containing 133 categories representing various crop types and land uses. This methodology involves two primary steps: Field Delineation and Farm Aggregation. The code specifically addresses the aggregation of pre-delineated fields within a county to form farms, adhering to predefined criteria for farm size categories. It is assumed that the field delineation process, which involves creating vector polygons from CDL raster, has been completed beforehand, possibly through external tools or methods. Upon initialization, the script processes county-level fields, preparing them for farm aggregation. In the Farm Aggregation phase, the code iteratively combines delineated fields into farms based on specified criteria, continuing until the aggregated farm size meets predefined thresholds derived from data from the 2017 National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) census. Throughout this iterative process, the script dynamically adjusts the aggregation to ensure alignment with the desired distribution reported by NASS. The resulting output of the script is a GeoDataFrame containing classified farms, which are subsequently saved as GeoPackage files. These files enable further analysis and visualization, facilitating comprehensive exploration of the farm landscape generated through the methodology.

Paudel, Rajiv [Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Id↗