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At least 1,045 records · Page 58
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Malware Analysis Report for SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll

SolarWinds Orion is a software suite designed to provide “single pane of glass” monitoring of network devices and applications. On December 13 2020, FireEye revealed that SolarWinds Orion was the victim of a supply chain attack and that the SolarWinds signed file SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll contained a backdoor. SolarWinds deployed the back-doored patch to customers beginning in March 2020. FireEye first identified this backdoor and labeled it SUNBURST. The backdoor is composed of roughly 4,000 lines1 of lightly obfuscated .NET within the SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.OrionImprovementBusinessLayer class of the malicious dll. The backdoor’s capabilities include: the ability to detect and potentially disable antivirus and forensics tools, basic command and control via DNS, and more advanced command and control via HTTP.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2021

mystic : software for autonomous discovery and design under uncertainty

Throughout the diverse range of science and engineering applications, there is a growing desire to develop computational methods that can reliably predict the behavior of complex systems. Specifically, there is a strategic need for tools that can robustly forecast the behavior of complex physical systems, where data may be high-dimensional, noisy, or sparse, and models of the system may be time-dependent or include uncertainty. We use mystic to build tools that leverage statistical learning, physics-informed learning, and active learning in the efficient generation of reliably predictive surrogates for complex physical systems. mystic is a robust, proven, open-source optimization and uncertainty quantification toolkit with over a decade of use in the design and optimization of neutron instrumentation, solar-powered drones, and gasguns, and in iterative tuning of models for Raman spectroscopy and elastoplastic materials strength. Recent developments have focused on automated learning of statistically robust surrogates under uncertainty, with applications in materials in extreme environments, nanostructures, materials simulations and strength models, and the failure of shielding under particle radiation. In 2020, McKerns demonstrated active learning of optimally robust surrogates with respect to new simulated data for molecular dynamics simulations of materials mixing in warm dense matter, and is currently applying active learning to the automated steering of particle accelerator beams and the optimal design and control of quantum optical sensor instrumentation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pathway to Zero Energy Windows: Advancing Technologies and Market Adoption

As of 2021, buildings account for 39.1% of total U.S. primary energy use and 75% of total U.S. electricity use. Much of this energy is used to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. The building envelope consists of transparent and opaque elements that serve as a controllable barrier to help maintain the indoor environment regardless of external conditions. The envelope also allows the exchange of light and air, as well as other transfers with the external environment when it is beneficial for the building occupants. By leveraging desirable external environmental conditions (e.g., fresh air and natural light) and mitigating the influence of undesirable conditions (e.g., moisture, hot or cold temperatures, wind), the building envelope can reduce the need for space conditioning and electric light, and thus reduce energy use associated with lighting and heating, cooling, and ventilation equipment. In turn, high-performance building envelopes can reduce the substantial CO 2 emissions associated with energy use to satisfy heating, cooling, and lighting needs in buildings. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Technologies Office's (BTO's) Emerging Technologies program supports R&D for technologies, systems, and software tools that can contribute to reductions in building energy use. Emerging Technologies funding is distributed competitively through solicitations (e.g., Funding Opportunity Announcements and National Lab Calls, which in general are open to applications from industry, academia, national laboratories, and other entities) and other mechanisms. This document focuses on R&D for windows and window system technologies and will provide guidance for BTO's investments in developing the next generation of high-performance, affordable, cost competitive windows, as well as integrated daylighting and shading technologies in partnership with industry and researchers. This document also addresses areas where DOE invests in software and design tools that translate sophisticated and complex physics into easy-to-use energy performance and optimization methods used by industry and other stakeholders for implementation.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cubit for MCNP Unstructured Mesh Analysis of Oktavian Benchmarks

The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) can be used to transport various particles across user defined three dimensional (3D) geometries. Traditionally, these geometries are created as constructive solid geometry (CSG), involving the use of Boolean operators on defined surfaces to create 3D regions known as cells. A newer method of geometry definition in the MCNP code is unstructured mesh (UM) embedded within a CSG cell using the universe and fill repeated-structure features. An MCNP UM calculation requires an MCNP input file and mesh geometry file. The MCNP code cannot be used to generate UM geometry models. A computer-aided design (CAD) software is typically used to construct a solid geometry model, and a CAD file is then imported into a mesh generation software to prepare and generate a mesh model. Some mesh generation software packages have the ability to create a solid geometry and thus a separate CAD software for creating a CAD model is not needed. In this work, Cubit, a geometry creation and meshing software developed by Sandia National Laboratories, is used to construct UM models for MCNP simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Windfarm Operations and Maintenance cost-Benefit Analysis Tool (WOMBAT)

This report provides technical documentation and background on the newly-developed Wind Operations and Maintenance cost-Benefit Analysis Tool (WOMBAT) software. WOMBAT is an open-source model that can be used to obtain cost estimates for operations and maintenance of land-based or offshore wind power plants. The software was designed to be flexible and modular to allow for implementation of new strategies and technological innovations for wind plant maintenance. WOMBAT uses a process-based simulation approach to model day-to-day operations, repairs, and weather conditions. High-level outputs from WOMBAT, including time-based availability and annual operating costs, are found to agree with published results from other models.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

FRAM v.7.1

Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency (FRAM) is a software code designed primarily for plutonium and uranium isotopic analysis. It is widely used in both the domestic and international safeguards community. FRAM can quickly and accurately determine the isotopic compositions of plutonium, uranium, and mixed oxides (MOX) when measuring with a high-purity germanium (HPGe), cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), or lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) detector. The capabilities of FRAM have been enhanced to analyze the data of the pixelated CZT detector (made by H3D) and to measure the mass of plutonium, uranium, and MOX. Both the isotopic composition and mass of the item can be quickly determined with one measurement using a gamma detector with FRAM v.7.1.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Exploring the Nature of Neutrinos with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation experimental program designed to study the behaviour of neutrino oscillation. DUNE will utilize a neutrino beam originating at Fermilab, near Chicago, and will leverage a detector at Fermilab (Near Detector) and a detector 1300 km away in South Dakota (Far Detector), south of Saskatchewan. In the first phase of DUNE, its Far Detector will comprise of two 10,000 ton (fiducial) liquid argon (LAr) time-projection chamber (TPC) modules – powerful tracking calorimeter detectors – placed nearly a mile underground. With this large, sensitive, underground detector, DUNE aims to collect a high statistics and pure sample of neutrinos at the Far Detector. This setup also offers the potential to study non-beam physical processes via e.g. neutrinos produced in the atmosphere, supernova neutrino bursts, and/or solar neutrinos, etc. A second phase will aim to add more detector mass and expand the program. The Near Detector will consist of a LAr TPC module as well: critical to constraining systematic uncertainties in the oscillation analysis. However, this LAr TPC will have a novel design using a pixel-based readout instead of the traditional wire-based readout. This and the segmentation of the LAr TPC into multiple units are crucial in mitigating the high multiplicity of neutrino interactions expected in any readout window given its proximity to the beam. The Near Detector will feature additional components and capability beyond the LAr TPC, allowing one to deeply characterize the neutrino flux. Due to the complexity of this experimental program, several smaller-scale prototype detectors have been operating to test, validate, and improve both the technical designs and software for processing and analyzing events. By operating in charged particle test beams or neutrino beams, several of the prototypes are also capable of producing valuable results. Canadian institutions are involved in the realization of the DUNE through efforts with both the Near and Far Detectors and prototypes. DUNE is anticipated to begin operating near the end of this decade/the beginning of the next. This talk will focus on the overall DUNE program, for example its ultimate plans, status, and the efforts with prototypes.

Howard, Bruce [York U., Canada; Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

24.1.3.4 Upgraded Fixed Energy Response Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiencies (FRAM) Software for U/Pu/MOX Mass Measurements

Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency (FRAM) is a software code designed primarily for plutonium and uranium isotopic analysis. It is widely used in both the domestic and international safeguards community. FRAM can quickly and accurately determine the isotopic compositions of plutonium, uranium, and mixed oxides (MOX) when measuring with a high-purity germanium (HPGe), cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), or lanthanum bromide (LaBr 3 ) detector. The capabilities of FRAM have been enhanced to analyze the data of the pixelated CZT detector (made by H3D) and to measure the mass of plutonium, uranium, and MOX. Both the isotopic composition and mass of the item can be quickly determined with one measurement using a gamma detector with FRAM v.7.1.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Exploring MDSplus data-acquisition software and custom devices

MDSplus is a software tool designed for data acquisition, storage, and analysis of complex scientific experiments. Over the years, MDSplus has primarily been used for data management for fusion experiments. This paper demonstrates that MDSplus can be used for a much wider variety of systems and experiments. We present a step-by-step tutorial describing how to create a simple experiment, manage the data, and analyze it using MDSplus and Python. To this end, a custom example device was developed to be used as the data source. This device was built on an opensource electronic hardware platform, and it consists of a microcontroller and two sensors. We read data from these sensors, store it in MDSplus, and use JupyterLab to visualize and process it. This project and code demo are available on the GitHub site at this URL: https://github.com/santorofer/MDSplusAndCustomeDevices

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1973

Maneuver analysis

The maneuver analysis for the Mariner 9 mission, both prelaunch and in-flight, was different from that of previous Mariners because of the requirement to insert the spacecraft into orbit about Mars and to trim the orbit to an unprecedented accuracy. The most apparent differences were in the spacecraft design, the software development, and the maneuver strategy required for each phase of the mission. The analysis that was performed and the software that was developed, with emphasis on the maneuver strategy and actual in-flight results are described.

Mitchell, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Cost Modeling Techniques for Design Maturity

Cost modeling techniques and factors which either add to or subtract from these estimates are examined. The most important factors for increasing costs are interfacing subsystems, subsystem design and software maturity. Cost decrease depends on hardware, software, and support equipment availability. A cost modeling analysis for reentry shield and aerodynamic decelerator subsystems of a reentry vehicle is presented. Integration problems for the subsystems are also discussed.

Ruhland, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Launch Processing System

This paper presents a functional description of the Launch Processing System, which provides automatic ground checkout and control of the Space Shuttle launch site and airborne systems, with emphasis placed on the Checkout, Control, and Monitor Subsystem. Hardware and software modular design concepts for the distributed computer system are reviewed relative to performing system tests, launch operations control, and status monitoring during ground operations. The communication network design, which uses a Common Data Buffer interface to all computers to allow computer-to-computer communication, is discussed in detail.

Byrne, F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

WOLF contouring and plotting package

Tasks ranging from quick simple plot (which requires only one call to package) to highly sophisticated plots (including motion picture plots) easily generated with basic knowledge of FORTRAN and plot commands. Designers preparing software system that requires plotted output will find this package offers many advantages over standard hardware support packages available.

Masaki, G. T.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Definition and fabrication of an airborne scatterometer radar signal processor

A hardware/software system which incorporates a microprocessor design and software for the calculation of normalized radar cross section in real time was developed. Interface is provided to decommutate the NASA ADAS data stream for aircraft parameters used in processing and to provide output in the form of strip chart and pcm compatible data recording.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1976

Simulation analysis of a microcomputer-based, low-cost omega navigation system

A status report is presented on a proposed low-cost Omega Navigation System (ONS) based on a microcomputer (Available commercially). Minimum hardware and maximum software are designed for. Electronic subsystems are discussed in detail, with block diagrams of the receiver and microcomputer interface modules, and a flowchart of the automatic synchronization process. The system is designed as a precision navaid for general aviation in the $1000 price range.

Lilley, R. W.↗