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At least 1,045 records · Page 58

Using controlled disorder to distinguish $s$ ± and $s$ +⁢+ gap structure in Fe-based superconductors

We reconsider the effect of disorder on the properties of a superconductor characterized by a sign-changing order parameter appropriate for Fe-based materials. Within a simple two-band model, we calculate simultaneously T c , the change in residual resistivity Δ⁢ρ 0 , and the zero-energy density of states, and show how these results change for various types of gap structure and assumptions regarding the impurity scattering. The rate of T c suppression is shown to vary dramatically according to details of the impurity model considered. We search therefore for a practical, experimentally oriented signature of a gap of the s ± type, and propose that observation of a particular evolution of the penetration depth, nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rate, or thermal conductivity temperature dependence with disorder would suffice.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Control of the third dimension in copper-based square-lattice antiferromagnets

Using a mixed-ligand synthetic scheme, we create a family of quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnets, namely, [Cu(HF 2 )(pyz) 2 ]ClO 4 [pyz = pyrazine], [CuL 2 (pyz) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 [L = pyO = pyridine-N-oxide and 4-phpy-O = 4-phenylpyridine-N-oxide. These materials are shown to possess equivalent two-dimensional [Cu(pyz) 2 ] 2+ nearly square layers, but exhibit interlayer spacings that vary from 6.5713 to 16.777 Å, as dictated by the axial ligands. We present the structural and magnetic properties of this family as determined via x-ray diffraction, electron-spin resonance, pulsed- and quasistatic-field magnetometry and muon-spin rotation, and compare them to those of the prototypical two-dimensional magnetic polymer Cu(pyz) 2 (ClO 4 ) 2 . We find that, within the limits of the experimental error, the two-dimensional, intralayer exchange coupling in our family of materials remains largely unaffected by the axial ligand substitution, while the observed magnetic ordering temperature (1.91 K for the material with the HF 2 axial ligand, 1.70 K for the pyO and 1.63 K for the 4-phpy-O) decreases slowly with increasing layer separation. Despite the structural motifs common to this family and Cu(pyz) 2 (ClO 4 ) 2 , the latter has significantly stronger two-dimensional exchange interactions and hence a higher ordering temperature. Here, we discuss these results, as well as the mechanisms that might drive the long-range order in these materials, in terms of departures from the ideal S = 1/2 two-dimensional square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. In particular, we find that both spin-exchange anisotropy in the intralayer interaction and interlayer couplings (exchange, dipolar, or both) are needed to account for the observed ordering temperatures, with the intralayer anisotropy becoming more important as the layers are pulled further apart.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Mott transition controlled by lattice-orbital coupling in 3 d -metal-doped double-layer ruthenates

We have investigated unusual phase transitions that were triggered by chemical doping in Ca 3 Ru 2 O 7 . Our experiments showed that doping with a few percent of Mn (>4%) can change the quasi-two-dimensional metallic state of Ca 3 Ru 2 O 7 into a Mott insulating state with a G-type antiferromagnetic order, but this Mott state cannot be induced by Fe doping. By combining these results with first-principles calculations, we show that lattice-orbital coupling (LOC) plays an important role in the Mott transition. Interestingly, the transition temperature T MIT is found to be predetermined by a structural parameter denoted by c/√ab at temperatures far above Néel temperature T N . This LOC-assisted Mott transition clearly contrasts with the band-filling picture. It is addressed that this type of Mott transition originates in the strong scattering centers formed by specific 3d dopants. The dopant-scattering picture is then applied to explain the puzzling doping effects that occur in other ruthenates and 3d oxides. As a result, our findings will advance the general understanding of how the unusual properties of 4d correlated systems are governed by the complex interplay that occurs among the charge, spin, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Competition between orthorhombic and re-entrant tetragonal phases in underdoped Ba 1–x K x Fe 2 As 2 probed by the response to controlled disorder

Low-temperature (22 K) irradiation with 2.5-MeV electrons, creating point defects affecting elastic scattering, was used to study the competition between stripe C 2 and tetragonal C 4 antiferromagnetic phases which exist in a narrow doping range around x = 0.25 in hole-doped Ba 1–x K x Fe 2 As 2 . In nearby compositions outside of this range, at x = 0.22 and x = 0.19, the temperatures of both the concomitant orthorhombic/stripe antiferromagnetic transition T C2 and the superconducting transition T c are monotonically suppressed by added disorder at similar rates of about 0.1 K/ μ Ωcm, as revealed through using resistivity variation as an intrinsic measure of scattering rate. In a stark contrast, a rapid suppression of the C 4 phase at the rate of 0.24 K/ μ Ωcm is found at x = 0.25. Moreover, this suppression of the C 4 phase is accompanied by unusual disorder-induced stabilization of the C 2 phase, determined by resistivity and specific heat measurements. Furthermore, the rate of the C 4 phase suppression is notably higher than the suppression rate of the spin-vortex phase in the Ni-doped CaKFe 4 As 4 (0.16 K/ μ Ωcm).

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Controlling excited-state contamination in nucleon matrix elements

We present a detailed analysis of methods to reduce statistical errors and excited-state contamination in the calculation of matrix elements of quark bilinear operators in nucleon states. All the calculations were done on a 2+1-flavor ensemble with lattices of size 32 3 × 64 generated using the rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm at 𝑎 = 0.081 fm and with 𝑀 𝜋 = 312 MeV. The statistical precision of the data is improved using the all-mode-averaging method. We compare two methods for reducing excited-state contamination: a variational analysis and a 2-state fit to data at multiple values of the source-sink separation 𝑡 sep . We show that both methods can be tuned to significantly reduce excited-state contamination and discuss their relative advantages and cost effectiveness. Here a detailed analysis of the size of source smearing used in the calculation of quark propagators and the range of values of 𝑡 sep needed to demonstrate convergence of the isovector charges of the nucleon to the 𝑡 sep → ∞ estimates is presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Entanglement-Controlled Subdiffusion of Nanoparticles within Concentrated Polymer Solutions

We describe x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments tracking the motion of gold nanoparticles within solutions of high-molecular-weight polystyrene. Over displacements from nanometers to tens of nanometers, the particles undergo subdiffusive motion that is dictated by the temporal evolution of the entangled polymer mesh in the immediate vicinity of the particles. The results thus provide a novel microscopic dynamical characterization of this key structural property of polymers and more broadly demonstrate the capability of XPCS-based microrheology to interrogate heterogeneous mechanical environments in nanostructured soft materials.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗