Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “RANDOM PROCESS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Navigation Doppler Lidar Signal Processing Architecture and Algorithms

A coherent Doppler lidar has been developed to address the need for a high-performance, compact, and cost-effective velocity and altitude sensor onboard landing vehicles. One of the core subsystems within NDL is its signal processing architecture. The primary function of this subsystem is to digitize the analog output of the homodyned signal received from the photo-diode associated with each telescope, process this signal in the frequency domain, and then turn this information into velocity and range measurements. A secondary function of this subsystem is to setup and control the internal components within NDL and to enable the instrument to interface with external systems by receiving commands, sending telemetry, and synchronizing its measurements with external clocks and pulses. This paper will give an overview of the signal processing architecture within NDL. This will include a discussion on its fundamental processing components and the core signal processing algorithms. Command, telemetry and internal component controls will also be discussed as will how the signal processing architecture has also evolved over the years of development. We will discuss provisions for robust operation including Triple-Mode Redundancy (TMR) within NDL’s Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and storage elements, a fault-tolerant boot process, and Error Detection and Correction (EDAC) on the Static Random-Access Memories (SRAMs). Finally, we conclude this paper with how this architecture could continue to evolve.

Doppler Lidar↗
DOE OSTI2019

Interaction of Strain Refined Precipitates and Recrystallized Grains in Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel during Continuous Casting, Hot-Core Heavy Reduction Rolling, and Reheating Process

Hot-core heavy reduction rolling (HHR{sup 2}) is an energy-saving process that directly rolls continuously cast slabs at the end of solidification that have a large temperature gradient. Here, we elucidated the interaction of strain refined precipitates and recrystallized grains in Nb-Ti microalloyed steel during continuous casting, hot-core heavy reduction rolling, and reheating process. Furthermore, theoretical models were established to calculate recrystallization driving force and pinning force at temperatures in the range of 850-1300 °C by a two-stage interrupted compression test using a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical simulator. The study indicated that a random dispersion of strain refined precipitates with a size range of ~ 6-10 nm was obtained in the hot-core heavy reduction rolled slab, which was different from the coarse and uneven distribution of precipitates in a conventional slab. Upon reheating, the austenite grains in the hot-core heavy reduction rolled slab were significantly refined and evenly distributed along the thickness direction. This is attributed to the random dispersion of strain refined precipitates formed in the HHR{sup 2} process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Discrete Approximations of Determinantal Point Processes on Continuous Spaces: Tree Representations and Tail Triviality

We prove tail triviality of determinantal point processes μ on continuous spaces. Tail triviality has been proved for such processes only on discrete spaces, and hence we have generalized the result to continuous spaces. To do this, we construct tree representations, that is, discrete approximations of determinantal point processes enjoying a determinantal structure. There are many interesting examples of determinantal point processes on continuous spaces such as zero points of the hyperbolic Gaussian analytic function with Bergman kernel, and the thermodynamic limit of eigenvalues of Gaussian random matrices for Sine{sub 2},Airy{sub 2},Bessel{sub 2}, and Ginibre point processes. Our main theorem proves all these point processes are tail trivial.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching

Controlling the intensity of emitted light and charge current is the basis of transferring and processing information. By contrast, robust information storage and magnetic random-access memories are implemented using the spin of the carrier and the associated magnetization in ferromagnets. In this study, the missing link between the respective disciplines of photonics, electronics and spintronics is to modulate the circular polarization of the emitted light, rather than its intensity, by electrically controlled magnetization. Here we demonstrate that this missing link is established at room temperature and zero applied magnetic field in light-emitting diodes through the transfer of angular momentum between photons, electrons and ferromagnets. With spin-orbit torque a charge current generates also a spin current to electrically switch the magnetization. This switching determines the spin orientation of injected carriers into semiconductors, in which the transfer of angular momentum from the electron spin to photon controls the circular polarization of the emitted light. The spin-photon conversion with the nonvolatile control of magnetization opens paths to seamlessly integrate information transfer, processing and storage. Our results provide substantial advances towards electrically controlled ultrafast modulation of circular polarization and spin injection with magnetization dynamics for the next-generation information and communication technology, including space-light data transfer. The same operating principle in scaled-down structures or using two-dimensional materials will enable transformative opportunities for quantum information processing with spin-controlled single-photon sources, as well as for implementing spin-dependent time-resolved spectroscopies.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nonlinear time-series analysis of current signal in cathodic contact glow discharge electrolysis

In the standard two-electrode configuration employed in electrolytic process, when the control dc voltage is brought to a critical value, the system undergoes a transition from conventional electrolysis to contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE), which has also been referred to as liquid-submerged micro-plasma, glow discharge plasma electrolysis, electrode effect, electrolytic plasma, etc. The light-emitting process is associated with the development of an irregular and erratic current time-series which has been arbitrarily labelled as “random,” and thus dissuaded further research in this direction. Here, we examine the current time-series signals measured in cathodic CGDE configuration in a concentrated KOH solution at different dc bias voltages greater than the critical voltage. We show that the signals are, in fact, not random according to the NIST SP. 800-22 test suite definition. We also demonstrate that post-processing low-pass filtered sequences requires less time than the native as-measured sequences, suggesting a superposition of low frequency chaotic fluctuations and high frequency behaviors (which may be produced by more than one possible source of entropy). Using an array of nonlinear time-series analyses for dynamical systems, i.e., the computation of largest Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimensions, and re-construction of phase portraits, we found that low-pass filtered datasets undergo a transition from quasi-periodic to chaotic to quasi-hyper-chaotic behavior, and back again to chaos when the voltage controlling-parameter is increased. The high frequency part of the signals is discussed in terms of highly nonlinear turbulent motion developed around the working electrode.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Atomically Local Electric Field Induced Interface Water Reorientation for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The slow water dissociation process in alkaline electrolyte severely limits the kinetics of HER. The orientation of H 2 O is well known to affect the dissociation process, but H 2 O orientation is hard to control because of its random distribution. Herein, an atomically asymmetric local electric field was designed by IrRu dizygotic single-atom sites (IrRu DSACs) to tune the H 2 O adsorption configuration and orientation, thus optimizing its dissociation process. The electric field intensity of IrRu DSACs is over 4.00×10 10 N/C. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with in situ Raman spectroscopy analysis on the adsorption behavior of H 2 O show that the M–H bond length (M=active site) is shortened at the interface due to the strong local electric field gradient and the optimized water orientation promotes the dissociation process of interfacial water. This work provides a new way to explore the role of single atomic sites in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

AUTOMATED TRANSIENT IDENTIFICATION IN THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY

We describe an algorithm for identifying point-source transients and moving objects on reference-subtracted optical images containing artifacts of processing and instrumentation. The algorithm makes use of the supervised machine learning technique known as Random Forest. We present results from its use in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova program (DES-SN), where it was trained using a sample of 898,963 signal and background events generated by the transient detection pipeline. After reprocessing the data collected during the first DES-SN observing season (2013 September through 2014 February) using the algorithm, the number of transient candidates eligible for human scanning decreased by a factor of 13.4, while only 1.0% of the artificial Type Ia supernovae (SNe) injected into search images to monitor survey efficiency were lost, most of which were very faint events. Here we characterize the algorithm’s performance in detail, and we discuss how it can inform pipeline design decisions for future time-domain imaging surveys, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and the Zwicky Transient Facility. An implementation of the algorithm and the training data used in this paper are available at at http://portal.nersc.gov/project/dessn/autoscan.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1975

The Nimbus F Random Access Measurement System /RAMS/

In 1974, the Random Access Measurement System (RAMS) will be launched aboard the Nimbus F satellite as part of the Tropical Wind, Energy Conversion, and Reference Level Experiment (TWERLE). This paper describes operation and performance of the RAMS instrument, which will provide a means of tracking and collecting data from a large number of instrumented platforms. In operation, the RAMS will perform satellite onboard processing of up to eight simultaneous platform transmissions, following search and detection of the randomly received platform transmissions in a compressed-time expanded-frequency domain. The processed data is stored aboard the satellite for readout every 108 minutes (orbital period), and platform locational coordinates and/or velocity components are determined in a central ground data processing facility.

Coates, J. L.↗
DOE OSTI2013

STOCHASTIC COUPLING OF SOLAR PHOTOSPHERE AND CORONA

The observed solar activity is believed to be driven by the dissipation of nonpotential magnetic energy injected into the corona by dynamic processes in the photosphere. The enormous range of scales involved in the interaction makes it difficult to track down the photospheric origin of each coronal dissipation event, especially in the presence of complex magnetic topologies. In this paper, we propose an ensemble-based approach for testing the photosphere-corona coupling in a quiet solar region as represented by intermittent activity in Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Michelson Doppler Imager and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory Extreme Ultraviolet Imager image sets. For properly adjusted detection thresholds corresponding to the same degree of intermittency in the photosphere and corona, the dynamics of the two solar regions is described by the same occurrence probability distributions of energy release events but significantly different geometric properties. We derive a set of scaling relations reconciling the two groups of results and enabling statistical description of coronal dynamics based on photospheric observations. Our analysis suggests that multiscale intermittent dissipation in the corona at spatial scales >3 Mm is controlled by turbulent photospheric convection. Complex topology of the photospheric network makes this coupling essentially nonlocal and non-deterministic. Our results are in an agreement with the Parker's coupling scenario in which random photospheric shuffling generates marginally stable magnetic discontinuities at the coronal level, but they are also consistent with an impulsive wave heating involving multiscale Alfvenic wave packets and/or magnetohydrodynamic turbulent cascade. A back-reaction on the photosphere due to coronal magnetic reconfiguration can be a contributing factor.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

β-decay feeding intensity distributions of 71,73 Ni

This paper presents the β-decay feeding intensity distribution and Gamow-Teller transition strength distribution of 71,73 Ni. These quantities were measured using the technique of total absorption spectroscopy at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory with the Summing NaI(Tl) detector. These measurements provide sensitive constraints to theoretical models used to predict β-decay properties far from stability for astrophysical applications. Specifically, for the astrophysical r process, the majority of the involved nuclei are not accessible by current facilities, and the nuclear input is mainly provided by theory. Furthermore, the present work reports on two neutron-rich nickel isotopes in the region where the weak r process is expected to be relevant in stellar nucleosynthesis. The experimental results are compared to two theoretical models, namely the shell model and the quasiparticle random-phase approximation, to help further refine theoretical calculations and aid in future r-process studies.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1993

A statistical analysis of mesoscale rainfall as a random cascade

The paper considers the random cascade theory for spatial rainfall. Particular attention was given to the following four areas: (1) the relationship of the random cascade theory of rainfall to the simple scaling and the hierarchical cluster-point-process theories, (2) the mathematical foundations for some of the formalisms commonly applied in the develpment of statistical cascade theory, (3) the empirical evidence for a random cascade theory of rainfall, and (4) the way of using data for making estimates of parameters and for making statistical inference within this theoretical framework. An analysis of space-time rainfall data is presented. Cascade simulations are carried out to provide a comparison with methods of analysis that are applied to the rainfall data.

Gupta, Vijay K.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Random Alloyed versus Intermetallic Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Electrocatalytic Performance

As synthetic methods advance for metal nanoparticles, more rigorous studies of structure–function relationships can be made. Many electrocatalytic processes depend on the size, shape, and composition of the nanocatalysts. Here, the properties and electrocatalytic behavior of random alloyed and intermetallic nanoparticles are compared. Beginning with an introduction of metallic nanoparticles for catalysis and the unique features of bimetallic compositions, the discussion transitions to case studies of nanoscale electrocatalysts where direct comparisons of alloy and intermetallic compositions are undertaken for methanol electrooxidation, formic acid electrooxidation, the oxygen reduction reaction, and the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). Design and synthesis strategies for random alloyed and intermetallic nanoparticles are discussed, with an emphasis on Pt–M and Cu–M compositions as model systems. The differences in catalytic performance between alloys and intermetallic nanoparticles are highlighted in order to provide an outlook for future electrocatalyst design.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

COWALKER:EFFECTIVE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

SF-23-026 This software computes effective transport properties of composite materials involving fibers and nanoparticles using a random-walk algorithm that efficiently scales to an arbitrary number of processes and cores. Effective transport properties (thermal, electrical) are key to bridge the microstructure of complex materials with its macroscopic behavior. Traditional approaches either use effective medium approximations (closed mathematical expressions that are approximation for certain conditions) or continuum simulation models such as finite element or finite volume, which require the generation of a mesh for each configuration explored. cowalker leverages the equivalence between laplacian or heat equation-based models and random walks to compute the asymptotic transport properties from an ensemble of first sojourn times of a random walker moving through the composite material. This allows us to directly define a composite material as a collection of particles and use algorithms developed for molecular dynamics to quickly compute the intersection of the walker with the different interfaces in the material. cowalker is developed in C++, and it relies on the GNU Scientific Library for random generation. cowalker is currently delivered as source code, so the GSL library is not included in cowalker's distribution. A more userfriendly version, cowalker.jl is currently in development and will be released as part of cowalker.

YANGUAS-GIL, ANGEL↗
DOE OSTI2013

Mechanism of power consumption inhibitive multi-layer Zn:SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} structure resistance random access memory

In this paper, multi-layer Zn:SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} structure is introduced to reduce the operation power consumption of resistive random access memory (RRAM) device by modifying the filament formation process. And the configuration of multi-layer Zn:SiO{sub 2}/SiO{sub 2} structure is confirmed and demonstrated by auger electron spectrum. Material analysis together with conduction current fitting is applied to qualitatively evaluate the carrier conduction mechanism on both low resistance state and high resistance state. Finally, single layer and multilayer conduction models are proposed, respectively, to clarify the corresponding conduction characteristics of two types of RRAM devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Kinetics of State Switching in Quasi-One-Dimensional Nanosystems. Statistical Model of the Influence of Defects

The role of native and radiation-induced defects in the state switching kinetics for one-dimensional systems (nanowires, molecular single-chain magnets, biological macromolecules, and many others) has been studied. An analytical approach to the description of the influence of randomly located defects on the dynamics of new-phase domains is developed using an analogy with stochastic processes in queueing theory. This method makes it possible to calculate threshold phenomena and the dependence of switching fields on material parameters.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Robust Online Sequential RVFLNs for Data Modeling of Dynamic Time-Varying Systems with Application of an Ironmaking Blast Furnace

In a world where the increasing complexity of modern industrial processes brings difficulties for accurate mathematical modeling, taking advantage of data has become an efficient solution to complex dynamic process modeling issue. In this paper, we develop a novel robust online sequential version of random vector functional-link networks (RVFLNs) for data-driven modeling of dynamic time-varying system and applied it in a blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process. First, to overcome the time-varying dynamics of process and to enable the RVFLNs to learn online with avoiding data saturation, an improved online sequential version of RVFLNs (OS-RFVLNs) is first presented by online sequential learning with forgetting factor. This improved OS-RVFLNs algorithm is not only suitable for the real-time and large data transfer situation, but also can adjust the sensitivity of the algorithm to different samples with the help of the introduced forgetting factor. Second, since the output weights of the improved OS-RVFLNs as well as other RVFLNs algorithms are obtained by the least squares approach, a robustness problem may occur when the training dataset is contaminated with various outliers. To solve this problem, a Cauchy distribution weighted M-estimator is introduced to improve the robustness of the improved OS- RVFLNs. For this proposed robust OS-RVFLNs (R-OS- RVFLNs), since the weights of different outlier data are properly determined by the Cauchy distribution function, their corresponding contribution on modeling can be properly distinguished. Thus robust and better modeling results can be achieved. Experiments using actual industrial data of BF ironmaking process and comparative studies have demonstrated that the proposed method produces a better estimation accuracy and stronger robustness than other methods.

Blast furnace (BF), Modelling, Dynamic systems↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerating Neutrino Event Generation in MARLEY Using CUDA-Based RNG and GPU Parallelization

MARLEY is a simulation tool that helps scientists study how low-energy neutrinos interact with matter. To work properly, MARLEY uses random numbers thousands of times in each simulation. These random numbers are important for modeling things like how neutrinos collide with atoms and what particles they produce. Right now, MARLEY runs on a regular computer processor (CPU) and uses a built-in random number generator called the Mersenne Twister. This setup works, but it can be slow, especially when trying to simulate many events. This research focuses on making MARLEY run faster by moving the random number generation and some of the repetitive calculations from the CPU to a graphics processing unit (GPU), which can handle many tasks at the same time. We use CUDA (a tool for programming NVIDIA GPUs) and cuRAND (a GPU-based random number library) to test faster alternatives to the current random number system. We compare different GPU-based generators, like curand_mtgp32, xorwow, and philox, to see which ones are the quickest and still give reliable results. Early tests show that using the GPU can make MARLEY simulations much faster. This project not only helps improve current simulation performance but also moves closer to a full simulation chain where all stages can run on modern GPU hardware.

Dunkley, Kimieka [Florida A-M]↗
DOE OSTI2017

How Far Is Quasar UV/Optical Variability from a Damped Random Walk at Low Frequency?

Studies have shown that UV/optical light curves of quasars can be described using the prevalent damped random walk (DRW) model, also known as the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. A white noise power spectral density (PSD) is expected at low frequency in this model; however, a direct observational constraint to the low-frequency PSD slope is difficult due to the limited lengths of the light curves available. Meanwhile, quasars show scatter in their DRW parameters that is too large to be attributed to uncertainties in the measurements and dependence on the variation of known physical factors. In this work we present simulations showing that, if the low-frequency PSD deviates from the DRW, the red noise leakage can naturally produce large scatter in the variation parameters measured from simulated light curves. The steeper the low-frequency PSD slope, the larger scatter we expect. Based on observations of SDSS Stripe 82 quasars, we find that the low-frequency PSD slope should be no steeper than −1.3. The actual slope could be flatter, which consequently requires that the quasar variabilities should be influenced by other unknown factors. We speculate that the magnetic field and/or metallicity could be such additional factors.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗