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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er20Cu6(Pb3S14)3 by Materials Project

Er20Cu6(Pb3S14)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty inequivalent Er3+ sites. In the first Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–47°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.77 Å. In the second Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ErS7 pentagonal bipyramids, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with five ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–63°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.82 Å. In the third Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with five ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–48°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.79 Å. In the fourth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with five ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–54°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.82 Å. In the fifth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with five ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–55°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.81 Å. In the sixth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with five ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–57°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.78 Å. In the seventh Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–40°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.79 Å. In the eighth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–39°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.74 Å. In the ninth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–37°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.76 Å. In the tenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–38°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.76 Å. In the eleventh Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–39°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.75 Å. In the twelfth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, edges with five ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–41°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.78 Å. In the thirteenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with two ErS6 octahedra, edges with two ErS6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–47°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.74 Å. In the fourteenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with two ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, edges with two ErS6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–63°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.81 Å. In the fifteenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with two ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, edges with two ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–48°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.77 Å. In the sixteenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with two ErS6 octahedra, edges with two ErS6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–54°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.79 Å. In the seventeenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with two ErS6 octahedra, edges with two ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–55°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.79 Å. In the eighteenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with two ErS6 octahedra, edges with two ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 38–57°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.76 Å. In the nineteenth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.61–3.22 Å. In the twentieth Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to seven S2- atoms to form distorted ErS7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–71°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.61–3.18 Å. There are six inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ErS6 octahedra, corners with two CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 10°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.37 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ErS6 octahedra, corners with two CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 8°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.38 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ErS6 octahedra, corners with two CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 10°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.38 Å. In the fourth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ErS6 octahedra, corners with two CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 8°. There are one shorter (2.31 Å) and three longer (2.36 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. In the fifth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ErS6 octahedra, corners with two CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.37 Å. In the sixth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, corners with two CuS4 tetrahedra, and edges with four ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 9°. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and three longer (2.36 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. There are nine inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.47 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.45 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.43 Å. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.83–3.51 Å. In the fifth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.48 Å. In the sixth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.40 Å. In the seventh Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.83–3.22 Å. In the eighth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.81–3.21 Å. In the ninth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.83–3.22 Å. There are forty-two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Er3+ and one Pb2+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Er3+ and one Pb2+ atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Er3+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Er3+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Er3+ and three Pb2+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Er3+ and three Pb2+ atoms. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Er3+, one Cu1+, and two Pb2+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Er3+, one Cu1+, and two Pb2+ atoms. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Er3+, one Cu1+, and two Pb2+ atoms. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Er3+, one Cu1+, and two Pb2+ atoms. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Er3+, one Cu1+, and two Pb2+ atoms. In the twelfth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Er3+, one Cu1+, and two Pb2+ atoms. In the thirteenth S2- site, S2- is b

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BiPb3Au by Materials Project

BiPb3Au crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/mnm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Au is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one Au, six Pb, and two equivalent Bi atoms. The Au–Au bond length is 2.84 Å. There are two shorter (3.05 Å) and four longer (3.19 Å) Au–Pb bond lengths. Both Au–Bi bond lengths are 2.97 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Au and one Bi atom. The Pb–Bi bond length is 3.44 Å. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Au atoms. Bi is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Au and two equivalent Pb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ti8Pb8O23 by Materials Project

Ti8Pb8O23 is Pb(Zr_(1-x)Ti_x)O3-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Ti+3.75+ sites. In the first Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.81–2.27 Å. In the second Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–18°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.40 Å. In the third Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.46 Å. In the fourth Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–18°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.40 Å. In the fifth Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–2.42 Å. In the sixth Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–19°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.79–2.41 Å. In the seventh Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–18°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.40 Å. In the eighth Ti+3.75+ site, Ti+3.75+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.41 Å. There are eight inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.84 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.83 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.85 Å. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.84 Å. In the fifth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.85 Å. In the sixth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.84 Å. In the seventh Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.85 Å. In the eighth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.84 Å. There are twenty-three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ti+3.75+ and four Pb2+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ti+3.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pd3(PbSe)2 by Materials Project

Pd3(PbSe)2 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pd is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four Pb and two equivalent Se atoms. There are two shorter (3.03 Å) and two longer (3.04 Å) Pd–Pb bond lengths. Both Pd–Se bond lengths are 2.48 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded to six equivalent Pd and two equivalent Se atoms to form corner-sharing PbPd6Se2 hexagonal bipyramids. Both Pb–Se bond lengths are 3.18 Å. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a hexagonal planar geometry to six equivalent Pd atoms. Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pd and one Pb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg5Pb by Materials Project

Mg5Pb crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded to twelve Mg atoms to form MgMg12 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent PbMg10 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent PbMg10 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent MgMg12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.34 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mg and four equivalent Pb atoms. All Mg–Pb bond lengths are 3.25 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Mg and two equivalent Pb atoms. Both Mg–Pb bond lengths are 3.23 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded to four equivalent Mg and two equivalent Pb atoms to form distorted MgMg4Pb2 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent MgMg4Pb2 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent MgMg4Pb2 cuboctahedra. Both Mg–Pb bond lengths are 3.30 Å. In the fifth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mg and two equivalent Pb atoms. Both Mg–Pb bond lengths are 3.25 Å. Pb is bonded to ten Mg atoms to form distorted PbMg10 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PbMg10 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent MgMg12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent MgMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent PbMg10 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tm12Fe2Pb3 by Materials Project

Tm12Fe2Pb3 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Tm sites. In the first Tm site, Tm is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Fe and three Pb atoms. The Tm–Fe bond length is 2.92 Å. There are a spread of Tm–Pb bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.79 Å. In the second Tm site, Tm is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Fe and two equivalent Pb atoms. Both Tm–Fe bond lengths are 2.82 Å. Both Tm–Pb bond lengths are 3.50 Å. Fe is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight Tm and one Fe atom. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.42 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded to twelve Tm atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing PbTm12 cuboctahedra. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Tm atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Bi3Pd12Pb by Materials Project

Pd12PbBi3 is beta Cu3Ti-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded to eight Pd, one Pb, and three Bi atoms to form PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with four BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, a faceface with one PbPd12 cuboctahedra, faces with three BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.90–2.94 Å. The Pd–Pb bond length is 2.90 Å. There are one shorter (2.92 Å) and two longer (2.93 Å) Pd–Bi bond lengths. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded to eight Pd, two equivalent Pb, and two equivalent Bi atoms to form PdBi2Pd8Pb2 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve PdBi4Pd8 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with six BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.00 Å. There are one shorter (2.89 Å) and one longer (2.95 Å) Pd–Pb bond lengths. Both Pd–Bi bond lengths are 2.94 Å. In the third Pd site, Pd is bonded to eight Pd and four Bi atoms to form PdBi4Pd8 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve PdBi4Pd8 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with six BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with four BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pd–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.86–2.99 Å. There are a spread of Pd–Bi bond distances ranging from 2.88–2.98 Å. In the fourth Pd site, Pd is bonded to eight Pd, two equivalent Pb, and two equivalent Bi atoms to form PdBi2Pd8Pb2 cuboctahedra that share corners with four PdBi2Pd8Pb2 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. Both Pd–Pb bond lengths are 2.93 Å. Both Pd–Bi bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the fifth Pd site, Pd is bonded to eight Pd and four Bi atoms to form PdBi4Pd8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four PdBi2Pd8Pb2 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with six BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.93 Å) and two longer (2.96 Å) Pd–Bi bond lengths. In the sixth Pd site, Pd is bonded to eight Pd, one Pb, and three Bi atoms to form PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra that share corners with eight equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with ten PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, faces with four BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. The Pd–Pb bond length is 2.93 Å. There are two shorter (2.93 Å) and one longer (2.95 Å) Pd–Bi bond lengths. Pb is bonded to twelve Pd atoms to form PbPd12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight PdBi2Pd8Pb2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with six BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. There are two inequivalent Bi sites. In the first Bi site, Bi is bonded to twelve Pd atoms to form BiPd12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight PdBi2Pd8Pb2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with six BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra. In the second Bi site, Bi is bonded to twelve Pd atoms to form BiPd12 cuboctahedra that share corners with two equivalent BiPd12 cuboctahedra, corners with sixteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with four BiPd12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent PbPd12 cuboctahedra, faces with four BiPd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PdBi3Pd8Pb cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg16Al12Pb by Materials Project

Mg16Al12Pb is gamma-brass-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Mg and six Al atoms. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.16 Å. There are a spread of Mg–Al bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.12 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six Mg, five Al, and one Pb atom. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.18 Å. There are a spread of Mg–Al bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.27 Å. The Mg–Pb bond length is 3.11 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to seven Mg, five Al, and one Pb atom. There are two shorter (3.15 Å) and two longer (3.19 Å) Mg–Mg bond lengths. There are a spread of Mg–Al bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.15 Å. The Mg–Pb bond length is 3.58 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mg, twelve Al, and one Pb atom. There are a spread of Mg–Al bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.27 Å. The Mg–Pb bond length is 3.15 Å. In the fifth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to seven Mg and five Al atoms. Both Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.21 Å. There are a spread of Mg–Al bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.19 Å. There are three inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eight Mg and three Al atoms. There are one shorter (2.70 Å) and two longer (2.75 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to eight Mg and three Al atoms. Both Al–Al bond lengths are 2.80 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to seven Mg, three Al, and one Pb atom. There are one shorter (2.76 Å) and one longer (2.85 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. The Al–Pb bond length is 3.16 Å. Pb is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to seven Mg and six equivalent Al atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Lu12Fe2Pb3 by Materials Project

Lu12Fe2Pb3 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Lu sites. In the first Lu site, Lu is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Fe and two equivalent Pb atoms. Both Lu–Fe bond lengths are 2.82 Å. Both Lu–Pb bond lengths are 3.50 Å. In the second Lu site, Lu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Fe and three Pb atoms. The Lu–Fe bond length is 2.88 Å. There are a spread of Lu–Pb bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.73 Å. Fe is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight Lu and one Fe atom. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.42 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Lu atoms. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded to twelve Lu atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing PbLu12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pr2Zn5Pb by Materials Project

Pr2Zn5Pb crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pr sites. In the first Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to thirteen Zn and two equivalent Pb atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Zn bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.34 Å. Both Pr–Pb bond lengths are 3.40 Å. In the second Pr site, Pr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to ten Zn and four equivalent Pb atoms. There are a spread of Pr–Zn bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.70 Å. All Pr–Pb bond lengths are 3.35 Å. There are three inequivalent Zn sites. In the first Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Pr and six Zn atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.57–2.91 Å. In the second Zn site, Zn is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five Pr, three equivalent Zn, and one Pb atom. The Zn–Pb bond length is 2.78 Å. In the third Zn site, Zn is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five Pr, four equivalent Zn, and one Pb atom. The Zn–Pb bond length is 2.71 Å. Pb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Pr and three Zn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Th5Pb4 by Materials Project

Th5Pb4 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Th sites. In the first Th site, Th is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Pb atoms. All Th–Pb bond lengths are 3.50 Å. In the second Th site, Th is bonded to seven Pb atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing ThPb7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Th–Pb bond distances ranging from 3.25–3.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded to six equivalent Th atoms to form distorted face-sharing PbTh6 octahedra. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Th atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rh3(PbSe)2 by Materials Project

Rh3(PbSe)2 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rh is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four Pb and two equivalent Se atoms. There are two shorter (2.91 Å) and two longer (2.98 Å) Rh–Pb bond lengths. Both Rh–Se bond lengths are 2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded to six equivalent Rh and two equivalent Se atoms to form corner-sharing PbRh6Se2 hexagonal bipyramids. Both Pb–Se bond lengths are 3.14 Å. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Rh atoms. Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Rh and one Pb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Emergent Behavior at the Calcite–Water Interface during Reactive Transport in a Simple Microfluidic Channel

Geochemical reactive transport processes in natural mineral-fluid systems may produce a wide array of emergent phenomena that are difficult to predict from basic principles and to reproduce in model systems. In this study, we present experimental results obtained from a simple microfluidic system with which we explored the consequences of reacting the calcite (104) cleavage surface with an acidic Pb-bearing solution (pH = 3.5, [Pb] total = 5 mM) as a function of flow rate. This system is relevant to passive remediation systems for Pb-rich acid mine drainage. We observed periodic banding in the amounts of Pb sorption at flow velocities ≥ 926 μm s -1 , where the band spacing was spatially correlated with the amount of calcite dissolution and the development of micropyramidal topography on the calcite (104) surface. The equivalent coverage of Pb deposited in these Pb-rich bands was at least several monolayers per unit cell, yet there was no evidence for precipitation of any secondary Pb phase implying incorporation of Pb within the near-surface calcite lattice. We also observed spatial variations in nucleation and growth of euhedral secondary Pb-carbonate minerals hydrocerusite and cerussite at flow rates ≤ 278 μm s -1 ,. These findings demonstrate potential for exploiting the rich phenomenology afforded by the interplay among transport phenomena and chemical kinetics in experimental systems designed to yield deeper insights into geochemical self-organization.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Ab initio study of mechanical and thermal properties of GeTe-based and PbSe-based high-entropy chalcogenides

GeTe-based and PbSe-based high-entropy compounds have outstanding thermoelectric (TE) performance and crucial applications in mid and high temperatures. Recently, the optimization of TE performance of high-entropy compounds has been focused on reducing thermal conductivity by strengthening the phonon scattering process to improve TE performance. We report a first-principles investigation on nine GeTe-based high-entropy chalcogenide solid solutions constituted of eight metallic elements (Ag, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Cd, Mn, and Sn) and 13 PbSe-based high-entropy chalcogenide solid solutions: Pb 0.99-y Sb 0.012 Sn y Se 1-2x Te x S x (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and y = 0) and Pb 0.99-y Sb 0.012 Sn y Se 1-2x Te x S x (y = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and x = 0.25). We have investigated the mechanical properties focusing on Debye temperature (Θ D ), thermal conductivity (κ), Grüneisen parameter (γ α ), dominant phonon wavelength (λ dom ), and melting temperature (T m ). We find that the lattice thermal conductivity is significantly reduced when GeTe is alloyed into the following compositions: Ge 0.75 Sb 0.13 Pb 0.12 Te, Ge 0.61 Ag 0.11 Sb 0.13 Pb 0.12 Bi 0.01 Te, and Ge 0.61 Ag 0.11 Sb 0.13 Pb 0.12 Mn 0.05 Bi 0.01 Te. This reduction is due to the mass increase and strain fluctuations. The results also show that Ge 0.61 Ag 0.11 Sb 0.13 Pb 0.12 Bi 0.01 Te solid solution has the lowest Young’s modulus (30.362 GPa), bulk and shear moduli (18.626 and 12.359 GPa), average sound velocity (1653.128 m/sec), Debye temperature (151.689 K), lattice thermal conductivity (0.574 W.m –1 .K –1 ), dominant phonon wavelength (0.692 Å), and melting temperature (535.91 K). Moreover, Ge 0.61 Ag 0.11 Sb 0.13 Pb 0.12 Bi 0.01 Te has the highest Grüneisen parameter with a reduced and temperature-independent lattice thermal conductivity. The positive correlation between Θ D and κ is revealed. Alloying of PbSe-based high-entropy by Sb, Sn, Te, and S atoms at the Se and Pb sites resulted in much higher shear strains resulted in the reduction of phonon velocity, a reduced Θ D , and a lower lattice thermal conductivity.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sustainable lead management in halide perovskite solar cells

Despite the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization, the toxic lead (Pb) ions in PSCs pose a potential threat to the environment, health and safety. Managing Pb via recycling represents a promising approach to mitigating its toxicity. However, managing Pb from commonly used organic solvents has been challenging due to the lack of suitable Pb adsorbents. Here, we report a new adsorbent for both separation and recovery of Pb from PSC pollutants. The synthesized iron-incorporated hydroxyapatite possesses a strongly negatively charged surface that improves electrostatic interaction through surface-charge delocalization, thus leading to enhanced Pb adsorption. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of a complete Pb management process, including the purification of Pb-containing non-aqueous solvents below 15 parts per 10 9 , a level compliant with the standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency, as well as recycling of 99.97% of Pb ions by forming lead iodide.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Molecular beam epitaxy growth and characterization of GePb alloys

Pb based group-IV alloys such as GePb have been gaining interest as a potential alternative for infrared detectors, quantum materials, and high-speed electronic devices. Challenges remain in their growth due to the extremely low solid solubility of Pb in the Ge–Pb system. This paper reports molecular beam epitaxy growth of GePb alloy thin films on Ge(100) substrates. Effusion cells of Ge and Pb are used to control the flux ratio independently. The optimal substrate temperature is found to be near the thermocouple temperature of 300 °C based on the characterization of the grown films using high-resolution x-ray diffraction. A large change in the Ge:Pb beam equivalent pressure ratio from 10:1 to 1:1 results in only a minimal increase of the Pb composition from 0.74% to 2.84% as estimated from Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images show a large volume of Pb islands on the surface that form into either long trapezoidal rods or uniform droplets, with increasing Pb flux and growth time the density of Pb islands increased.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Generalizable Evaluated Approach, Applying Advanced Geospatial Statistical Methods, to Identify High Lead Exposure Locations at Census Tract Scale: Michigan Case Study

BACKGROUND: Despite great progress in reducing environmental lead (Pb) levels, many children in the United States are still being exposed. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to develop a generalizable approach for systematically identifying, verifying, and analyzing locations with high prevalence of children’s elevated blood Pb levels (EBLLs) and to assess available Pb models/indices as surrogates, using a Michigan case study. METHODS: We obtained ~1:9 million BLL test results of children <6 years of age in Michigan from 2006–2016; we then evaluated them for data representativeness by comparing two percentage EBLL (%EBLL) rates (number of children tested with EBLL divided by both number of children tested and total population). We analyzed %EBLLs across census tracts over three time periods and between two EBLL reference values (≥5 vs. ≥10 μg/dL) to evaluate consistency. Locations with high %EBLLs were identified by a top 20 percentile method and a Getis-Ord Gi* geospatial cluster “hotspot” analysis. For the locations identified, we analyzed convergences with three available Pb exposure models/indices based on old housing and sociodemographics. RESULTS: Analyses of 2014–2016 %EBLL data identified 11 Michigan locations via cluster analysis and 80 additional locations via the top 20 percentile method and their associated census tracts. Data representativeness and consistency were supported by a 0.93 correlation coefficient between the two EBLL rates over 11 y, and a Kappa score of ~0:8 of %EBLL hotspots across the time periods (2014–2016) and reference values. Many EBLL hotspot locations converge with current Pb exposure models/indices; others diverge, suggesting additional Pb sources for targeted interventions. DISCUSSION: This analysis confirmed known Pb hotspot locations and revealed new ones at a finer geographic resolution than previously available, using advanced geospatial statistical methods and mapping/visualization. It also assessed the utility of surrogates in the absence of blood Pb data. This approach could be applied to other states to inform Pb mitigation and prevention efforts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9705

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2004

The Decompression Sickness and Venous Gas Emboli Consequences of Air Breaks During 100% Oxygen Prebreathe

Not enough is known about the increased risk of hypobaric decompression sickness (DCS) and production of venous (VGE) and arterial (AGE) gas emboli following an air break in an otherwise normal 100% resting oxygen (O2) prebreathe (PB), and certainly a break in PB when exercise is used to accelerate nitrogen (N2) elimination from the tissues. Current Aeromedical Flight Rules at the Johnson Space Center about additional PB payback times are untested, possibly too conservative, and therefore not optimized for operational use. A 10 min air break at 90 min into a 120 min PB that includes initial dual-cycle ergometry for 10 min will show a measurable increase in the risk of DCS and VGE after ascent to 4.3 psia compared to a 10 min break at 15 min into the PB, or when there is no break in PB. Data collection with humans begins in 2005, but here we first evaluate the hypothesis using three models of tissue N2 kinetics: Model I is a simple single half-time compartment exponential model, Model II is a three compartment half-time exponential model, and Model III is a variable half-time compartment model where the percentage of maximum O2 consumption for the subject during dual-cycle ergometry exercise defines the half-time compartment. Model I with large rate constants to simulate an exercise effect always showed a late break in PB had the greatest consequence. Model II showed an early break had the greatest consequence. Model III showed there was no difference between early or late break in exercise PB. Only one of these outcomes will be observed when humans are tested. Our results will favor one of these models, and so advance our understanding of tissue N2 kinetics, and of altitude DCS after an air break in PB.

Conkin, J.↗