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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,045 records · Page 58
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

How Did Westward Volcaniclastic Deposits Accumulate in the Deep Sea Following the January 2022 Eruption of Hunga Volcano?

Most volcanic eruptions on Earth take place below the ocean surface and remain largely unobserved. Reconstruction of past submerged eruptions has thus primarily been based on the study of seafloor deposits. Rarely before the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano (Kingdom of Tonga) have we been able to categorically link deep-sea deposits to a specific volcanic source. This eruption was the largest in the modern satellite era, producing a 58-km-tall plume, a 20-m high tsunami, and a pressure wave that propagated around the world. The eruption induced the fastest submarine density currents ever measured, which destroyed submarine telecommunication cables and traveled at least 85 km to the west to the neighboring Lau Basin. Here we report findings from a series of remotely operated vehicle dives conducted 4 months after the eruption along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center-Valu Fa Ridge. Hunga-sourced volcaniclastic deposits 7–150 cm in thickness were found at nine sites, and collected. Study of the internal structure, grain size, componentry, glass chemistry, and microfossil assemblages of the cores show that these deposits are the distal portions of at least two ~100-km-runout submarine density currents. We identify distinct physical characteristics of entrained microfossils that demonstrate the dynamics and pathways of the density currents. Microfossil evidence suggests that even the distal parts of the currents were erosive, remobilizing microfossil-concentrated sediments across the Lau Basin. Remobilization by volcaniclastic submarine density currents may thus play a greater role in carbon transport into deep sea basins than previously thought.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Geometry of soft scalars at one loop

We extend the soft theorems for scattering amplitudes of scalar effective field theories to one-loop order. Our analysis requires carefully accounting for the fact that the soft limit is not guaranteed to commute with evaluating IR-divergent loop integrals; new results for the soft limit of general scalar one-loop integrals are presented. The geometric soft theorem remains unmodified for any derivatively-coupled scalar effective field theory, and we conjecture that this statement holds to all orders. In contrast, the soft theorem receives nontrivial corrections in the presence of potential interactions, analogous to the case of non-Abelian gauge theories. We derive the universal leading-order correction to the scalar soft theorem arising from potential interactions at one loop. Explicit examples are provided that illustrate the general results.

differential and algebraic geometry↗
DOE OSTI2025

Proceedings of the UT-GOM2-2 Hydrate Pressure Coring Expedition

In the summer and fall of 2023, the University of Texas (UT) Deepwater Hydrate Coring Expedition (UT-GOM2-2) drilled, cored, made downhole measurements, and analyzed samples from the seafloor to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone at Site H, in the Walker Ridge Protracted Area Block 313 (Site H, WR313), in the Terrebonne Basin, deepwater Gulf of America (Gulf of Mexico).

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Stability-preserving Lossy Compression for Large-scale Partial Differential Equations

Checkpoint/Restart (C/R) strategies are vital for fault tolerance in PDE-based scientific simulations, yet traditional checkpointing incurs significant I/O overhead. Lossy compression offers a scalable solution by reducing checkpoint data size, but conventional methods often lack control over physical invariants (e.g., energy), leading to instability such as oscillations or divergence in Partial Differential Equations (PDE) systems. This paper introduces a stability-preserving compression approach tailored for PDE simulations by explicitly controlling kinetic and potential energy perturbations to ensure stable restarts. Extensive experiments conducted across diverse PDE configurations demonstrate that our method maintains numerical stability with minimal error magnification—even across multiple checkpoint-restart cycles—outperforming state-of-the-art lossy compressors. Parallel evaluations on the Frontier supercomputer show up to 8.4× improvement in checkpoint write performance and 6.3× in read performance, while maintaining relative L2 errors ∼ 2e-6 throughout continued simulation. These results provide practical guidance for balancing compression accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency in large-scale PDE applications.

Gong, Qian [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000235704142)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Renewable Energy Landscapes: Southwest and Pacific Northwest Workshops

To connect landscape architects and the energy sector, the University of Arizona and the University of Oregon hosted two virtual workshops with support from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in January 2023. These workshops were intended to co-create new principles and perspectives for designing renewable energy landscapes for the Southwest and Pacific Northwest, respectively, balancing place-based perspectives and at-scale deployment. Working across six design pathways through three phases, participants in the Southwest Workshop established and prioritized design opportunities by identifying relevant actions that are high impact, low effort; high impact, high effort; low impact, high effort; low impact, low effort. In contrast, participants in the Pacific Northwest Workshop produced a series of design options for the three sites to support broader efforts to visualize energy infrastructure deployment. The workshop outcomes reflect the current state of innovation in designing renewable energy landscapes. Collective understanding is largely focused on the practical—what is feasible in this moment—rather than pushing the boundaries on what might be possible. Achieving that next step requires that we first catch up to existing innovation in implementation and design since it is not yet commonplace. These workshops served as the first step in reimagining the potential of energy infrastructure across landscapes.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hyperstealth dark matter and long-lived particles

A new dark matter candidate is proposed that arises as the lightest baryon from a confining 𝑆⁢𝑈⁡(𝑁) gauge theory which equilibrates with the Standard Model only through electroweak interactions. Surprisingly, this candidate can be as light as a few GeV. The lower bound arises from the intersection of two competing requirements: (i) the equilibration sector of the model must be sufficiently heavy, at least several TeV, to avoid bounds from colliders, and (ii) the lightest dark meson (that may be the dark 𝜂′, 𝜎, or the lightest glueball) has suppressed interactions with the SM and must decay before big bang nucleosynthesis. The low-energy dark sector consists of one flavor that is electrically neutral and an almost electroweak singlet. The dark matter candidate is the lightest baryon consisting of 𝑁 of these light flavors leading to a highly suppressed elastic scattering rate with the Standard Model (SM). The equilibration sector consists of vectorlike dark quarks that transform under the electroweak group, ensuring that the dark sector can reach thermal equilibrium with the SM in the early Universe. The lightest dark meson lifetimes vary between 10 −3 ≲ 𝑐⁢𝜏 ≲ 10 7 m, providing an outstanding target for LHC production and experimental detection. We delineate the interplay between the lifetime of the light mesons, the suppressed direct detection cross section of the lightest baryon, and the scale of equilibration sector that can be probed at the LHC.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A global dataset of terrestrial biological nitrogen fixation

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the main natural source of new nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems, supporting terrestrial productivity, carbon uptake, and other Earth system processes. We assembled a comprehensive global dataset of field measurements of BNF in all major N-fixing niches across natural terrestrial biomes derived from the analysis of 376 BNF studies. The dataset comprises 32 variables, including site location, biome type, N-fixing niche, sampling year, quantification method, BNF rate (kg N ha −1 y −1 ), the percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%N dfa ), N fixer or N-fixing substrate abundance, BNF rate per unit of N fixer abundance, and species identity. Overall, the dataset combines 1,207 BNF rates for trees, shrubs, herbs, soil, leaf litter, woody litter, dead wood, mosses, lichens, and biocrusts, 152 herb %N dfa values, 1,005 measurements of N fixer or N-fixing substrate abundance, and 762 BNF rates per unit of N fixer abundance for a total of 424 species across 66 countries. This dataset facilitates synthesis, meta-analysis, upscaling, and model benchmarking of BNF fluxes at multiple spatial scales.

Reis Ely, Carla R. [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis,↗
DOE OSTI2026

QProR: An Efficient Framework for Quantity-of-Interest Based Progressive Retrieval with Guaranteed Error Control

Scientific applications generate an unprecedented volume of data, overwhelming the network and file systems’ bandwidth and posing challenges for efficient and scalable data retrieval and analysis. Progressive data compression offers a promising solution by enabling on-demand retrieval at reduced size. However, existing progressive methods either fail to bound the errors in essential quantities of interest (QoIs) derived from raw data or suffer from suboptimal retrieval efficiency. In this work, we propose QProR, an efficient QoI-based progressive framework that optimizes progressive retrieval for target QoIs. Our key contributions include: (1) a systematic framework that integrates error-controlled lossy compressors with bitplane encoding while decoupling the two processes for high flexibility and adaptability; (2) a novel weighted bitplane encoding method which incorperates QoI knowledge into data refactoring to enhance retrieval efficiency; (3) an optimized retrieval strategy that accounts for the varying impacts of different variables on multivariate QoIs; (4) comprehensive evaluations using six real-world datasets from multiple scientific applications and thorough comparisons against state of the arts. Experimental results demonstrate that QProR achieves up to 80.38% reduction in the retrieval size under the same requested QoI error tolerance, when compared with the best-performing existing methods. When transferring 384 GB of scientific data to remote sites, QProR delivers up to 1.68 × speedup in the end-to-end data transfer performance.

Li, Wenbo [University of Kentucky]↗
DOE OSTI2025

NorthWest Cleantech Innovation Network

To help overcome these barriers for clean tech/climate tech entrepreneurs in the Pacific Northwest, the Northwest Cleantech Innovation Network (NWCIN) was established in October 2021 with support from the Department of Energy. Launched as a consortium of three organizations: VertueLab, the CleanTech Alliance (CTA) and University of Washington Clean Energy Testbeds (WCET), the NWCIN successfully leveraged the strengths and expertise of each organization to deliver four assistance programs: Cascadia Cleantech Accelerator (CCA), an 18-week yearly cohort-based virtual program providing business and technical mentorship Lab2Launch (L2L), a program to educate and connect entrepreneurs to regional research institution resources and technologies available to license Federal Funding Assistance (FFA), to provide support to companies from Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Alaska that are applying for SBIR/STTR and other federal grants Cleantech Hardware Innovation Prototyping (CHIP) to provide access to facilities and lab/office space at the Washington

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗