Capillary matrix and fuel cell development study, part 2 Final report
Weight reduction and configuration of fuel cell
Michel, R.↗
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Modification of a fuel-cell engine for control by a digital computer
A manually operated fuel-cell system was modified to be monitored and controlled by a digital computer. The purpose was to have a test item with which to study possible system-computer interface problems. The modification consisted of installing solenoid valves, circuitry, transducers, and limit switches on the system. These modifications permit computer control of load current, reactant purge, water removal, and electrolyte concentration and computer initiation of system shutdown.
Hagedorn, N. H.↗
Regenerative fuel cell study
The completion of the study is reported for the regenerative fuel cell subsystem (RFCS) as an energy storage process for use aboard the space shuttle launched modular space station (MSS). The MSS mission requirements, and RFCS are discussed, and a comparison between RFCS and a nickel cadmium battery subsystem is presented. Development costs are also discussed.
Wynveen, R. A.↗
Technology status: Batteries and fuel cells
The current status of research and development programs on batteries and fuel cells and the technology goals being pursued are discussed. Emphasis is placed upon those technologies relevant to earth orbital electric energy storage applications.
Fordyce, J. S.↗
Electrocatalyst advances for hydrogen oxidation in phosphoric acid fuel cells
The important considerations that presently exist for achieving commercial acceptance of fuel cells are centered on cost (which translates to efficiency) and lifetime. This paper addresses the questions of electrocatalyst utilization within porous electrode structures and the preparation of low-cost noble metal electrocatalyst combinations with extreme dispersions of the metal. Now that electrocatalyst particles can be prepared with dimensions of 10 A, either singly or in alloy combinations, a very large percentage of the noble metal atoms in a crystallite are available for reaction. The cost savings for such electrocatalysts in the present commercially driven environment are considerable.
Stonehart, P.↗
Regenerative fuel cells for space applications
After several years of development of the regenerative fuel cell (RFC) as the electrochemical storage system to be carried by the future space station, the official stance has now been adopted that nickel hydrogen batteries would be a better system choice. RFCs are compared with nickel hydrogen and other battery systems for space platform applications.
Appleby, A. John↗
Materials characterization of phosphoric acid fuel cell system
The component materials used in the fabrication of phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) must have mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical stability to withstand the moderately high temperature (200 C) and pressure (500 kPa) and highly oxidizing nature of phosphoric acid. This study discusses the chemical and structural stability, performance and corrosion data on certain catalysts, catalyst supports, and electrode support materials used in PAFC applications.
Venkatesh, Srinivasan↗
Catalyst and electrode research for phosphoric acid fuel cells
An account is given of the development status of phosphoric acid fuel cells' high performance catalyst and electrode materials. Binary alloys have been identified which outperform the baseline platinum catalyst; it has also become apparent that pressurized operation is required to reach the desired efficiencies, calling in turn for the use of graphitized carbon blacks in the role of catalyst supports. Efforts to improve cell performance and reduce catalyst costs have led to the investigation of a class of organometallic cathode catalysts represented by the tetraazaannulenes, and a mixed catalyst which is a mixture of carbons catalyzed with an organometallic and a noble metal.
Antoine, A. C.↗
Air-cooled, hydrogen-air fuel cell
An air-cooled, hydrogen-air solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly operatively associated with a fluid flow plate having at least one plate cooling channel extending through the plate and at least one air distribution hole extending from a surface of the cathode flow field into the plate cooling channel.
Shelekhin, Alexander B.↗
Electrode and interconnect for miniature fuel cells using direct methanol feed
An improved system for interconnects in a fuel cell. In one embodiment, the membranes are located in parallel with one another, and current flow between them is facilitated by interconnects. In another embodiment, all of the current flow is through the interconnects which are located on the membranes. The interconnects are located between two electrodes.
Narayanan, Sekharipuram R.↗
Performance of direct methanol fuel cells with sputter-deposited anode catalyst layers
Performance of direct methanol fuel cells with sputter-deposited Pt-Ru anodes was investigated.
Oxide↗
Techno-Economic Analysis of Hydrogen-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems
This technical report presents findings from a techno-economic analysis that assessed the cost and performance implications of fueling solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology with hydrogen fuel. The exothermic hydrogen oxidation reaction results in various impacts when compared to a natural gas SOFC system, which benefits from an endothermic methane reforming reaction. The excess heat generated from the system requires management, thereby increasing system costs. An application where the excess heat can be used in a combined heat and power application seems to be the most economical use of a hydrogen fueled SOFC system.
08 HYDROGEN↗
High‐Performance and Durable Fuel Cells using Co/Sr‐Free Fluorite‐Based Mixed Conducting (Pr,Ce)O 2‐δ Cathode
Abstract A major challenge to overcome in demonstrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to be suitable as efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices capable of addressing pressing clean energy and environmental needs is to surmount chemical and thermo‐mechanical instabilities in their operational phase. To date, perovskite‐based mixed conducting cathodes, which include inherent Co and Sr elements for enhanced reactivity and conductivity, have been intensively studied. These Co/Sr‐based oxides, however, exhibit severe thermochemical expansion and suffer from Sr surface segregation, ultimately degrading the electrode performance. Here, high‐performance and durable SOFCs are demonstrated by employing a Co/Sr‐free fluorite‐based mixed conducting (Pr,Ce)O 2‐δ (PCO) cathode eminently compatible with fluorite‐based solid electrolytes. The nanocolumnar PCO electrode developed in this study provides not only a remarkable low level of electrode resistance (e.g., ≈0.05 Ω cm 2 at 600 °C) but also exceptional long‐term stability (e.g., a degradation rate 15 times slower compared to the state‐of‐the‐art La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3‐δ perovskite). The competitive peak power densities of an anode‐supported single cell with the PCO cathode are also successively achieved, recording a value of 0.92 W cm −2 at 600 °C. These findings herald the development of new Co/Sr‐free electrodes for SOFCs at intermediate temperatures.
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
Development of cathodic electrocatalysts for use in low temperature H2/O2 fuel cells with an alkaline electrolyte Quarterly report 1 Oct. - 31 Dec. 1966
Carbides, nitrides, nitrocarbides, and carbonitrides of iron examined for catalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction in potassium hydroxide - peroxide fuel cells
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY↗
Small fuel cell to eliminate pressure caused by gassing in high energy density batteries Final report, 30 Jun. 1965 - 30 Jun. 1966
Gas pressure reduction in silver-zinc batteries by installing miniature hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell
GAS PRESSURE↗
Development of cathodic electrocatalysts for use in low temperature H2/O2 fuel cells with an alkaline electrolyte Third quarterly report, Jan. 1 - Mar. 31, 1966
Metal, alloy, and metal compound testing for corrosion resistance and activity as oxygen electrodes for hydrox fuel cell with alkaline electrolyte
MATERIAL TESTING↗
Enhanced Electrocatalytic and Cathode‐Electrolyte Interfacial Properties With a Pr‐Based Simple Perovskite/Ruddlesden‐Popper Nanocomposite Cathode in Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
The sluggish kinetics and poor stability of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remain the primary bottleneck for achieving high performance in protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) at intermediate temperatures (400–650°C). In this work, a Pr-based nanocomposite cathode comprised of simple perovskite phase (PrNi 0.7 Co 0.3 O 3-δ ) and Ruddlesden-Popper phase (Co-doped Pr 4 Ni 3 O 10+δ ) is developed. Although PrNi 0.7 Co 0.3 O 3-δ solely stands as a good cathode with facile proton transfer, combining the superior catalytic activity against oxygen on the Ruddlesden-Popper phase boosts the ORR performance further. The designed nanocomposite cathode outperforms the simple perovskite cathode, attributed to enhanced oxygen absorption and surface diffusion with the Ruddlesden-Popper phase. A precursor-based cathode deposition technique is also developed to achieve cathode grain sizes of ∼100 nm. A single cell with the nanocomposite cathode delivers a peak power density of 1.38 W cm −2 at 650°C, among the highest in reported PCFCs with Pr-based cathodes, with a small degradation rate of 0.145 mV h −1 during 250 h stability test. Further investigation of cathode-electrolyte interface revealed interfacial PrO 2 phase formation, promoted by abundant Pr 6 O 11 in the nanocomposite precursor powder, thereby improving both ohmic resistance and stability. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the nanocomposite cathode and underscore its advantages on interfacial properties.
08 - HYDROGEN↗
Study of fuel cells using storable rocket propellants quarterly report no. 2, 18 may - 17 aug. 1965
Catalysts for Aerozine-50 reforming and nitrogen tetroxide decomposition for development of rocket fuel cells operating on storable propellant
AEROZINE↗