Predominant contribution of direct laser acceleration to high-energy electron spectra in a low-density self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator
Not Available
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “ELECTRONIC MODULE”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Modulated Continuous Wave Control for Energy-Efficient Electron-Nuclear Spin Coupling
Not Available
Casanova, J.↗
Measured Module Performance Variation and the Opportunity for Distributed Power Electronics: Analysis of 27 PV Arrays in the Southwestern U.S.
Abstract not provided
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Electron Pre-acceleration at Nonrelativistic High-Mach-number Perpendicular Shocks
We perform particle-in-cell simulations of perpendicular nonrelativistic collisionless shocks to study electron heating and pre-acceleration for parameters that permit the extrapolation to the conditions at young supernova remnants. Our high-resolution large-scale numerical experiments sample a representative portion of the shock surface and demonstrate that the efficiency of electron injection is strongly modulated with the phase of the shock reformation. For plasmas with low and moderate temperature (plasma beta β{sub p}=5⋅10{sup −4} and β{sub p}=0.5), we explore the nonlinear shock structure and electron pre-acceleration for various orientations of the large-scale magnetic field with respect to the simulation plane, while keeping it at 90° to the shock normal. Ion reflection off of the shock leads to the formation of magnetic filaments in the shock ramp, resulting from Weibel-type instabilities, and electrostatic Buneman modes in the shock foot. In all of the cases under study, the latter provides first-stage electron energization through the shock-surfing acceleration mechanism. The subsequent energization strongly depends on the field orientation and proceeds through adiabatic or second-order Fermi acceleration processes for configurations with the out-of-plane and in-plane field components, respectively. For strictly out-of-plane field, the fraction of suprathermal electrons is much higher than for other configurations, because only in this case are the Buneman modes fully captured by the 2D simulation grid. Shocks in plasma with moderate β{sub p} provide more efficient pre-acceleration. The relevance of our results to the physics of fully 3D systems is discussed.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Computerized Torque Control for Large dc Motors
Speed and torque ranges in generator mode extended. System of shunt resistors, electronic switches, and pulse-width modulation controls torque exerted by large, three-phase, electronically commutated dc motor. Particularly useful for motor operating in generator mode because it extends operating range to low torque and high speed.
Willett, Richard M.↗
Voyager 2 - Energetic ions and electrons in the Jovian magnetosphere
The passage of Voyager 2 through the Jovian magnetosphere demonstrated that this magnetosphere is highly variable, even as close as 10 Jupiter radii from the planet. The cosmic-ray subsystem measured the flux, elemental composition, and anisotropy of energetic particles. Its high sensitivity was particularly valuable during the long passage through the magnetotail, where particle fluxes were orders of magnitude less than in the inner magnetosphere and approached interplanetary values. The new data confirm earlier observations that the Jovian magnetosphere is a giant accelerator of particles - electrons, protons, and heavy ions, including sulfur. Both spatial and temporal changes are observed in the magnetosphere as compared to prior observations with Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1. It is suggested that the 10-hr modulation of interplanetary Jovian electrons may be associated with the arrival at the dawn magnetopause of a rarefaction region each planetary rotation.
Vogt, R. E.↗
Anisotropic transport in modulation doped quantum well structures
The degree of anisotropy in the anisotropic electron transport that has been observed in GaAs modulation-doped quantum wells grown by MBE on Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As is related to the thickness and growth parameters of this substrate, which is grown just prior to the inverted interface. It is presently observed that the inverted interface has an anisotropic roughness which affects the 77 K low field electron transport parallel to the interface, and gives rise to anisotropic electron scattering in the GaAs modulation-doped quantum well.
Radulescu, D. C.↗
Topological-insulator-based terahertz modulator
Three dimensional topological insulators, as a new phase of quantum matters, are characterized by an insulating gap in the bulk and a metallic state on the surface. Particularly, most of the topological insulators have narrow band gaps, and hence have promising applications in the area of terahertz optoelectronics. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an electronically-tunable terahertz intensity modulator based on Bi 1:5 Sb 0:5 Te 1:8 Se 1:2 single crystal, one of the most insulating topological insulators. A relative frequency-independent modulation depth of ~62% over a wide frequency range from 0.3 to 1.4 THz has been achieved at room temperature, by applying a bias current of 100 mA. The modulation in the low current regime can be further enhanced at low temperature. We propose that the extraordinarily large modulation is a consequence of thermally-activated carrier absorption in the semiconducting bulk states. Our work provides a new application of topological insulators for terahertz technology.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
A photoactive semisynthetic metalloenzyme exhibits complete selectivity for CO 2 reduction in water
An artificial metalloenzyme reduces CO 2 to CO using light, suggesting intramolecular electron transfer and secondary sphere effects modulate catalytic selectivity.
Chemistry↗
Realization of small intrinsic hysteresis with large magnetic entropy change in La{sub 0.8}Pr{sub 0.2}(Fe{sub 0.88}Si{sub 0.10}Al{sub 0.02}){sub 13} by controlling itinerant-electron characteristics
Tuning of phase-transition characteristics in La(Fe{sub x}Si{sub 1−x}){sub 13} was conducted in view of the correlation between microscopic itinerant electron natures and macroscopic thermodynamic (magnetocaloric) quantities. To realize a small hysteresis loss Q{sub H} accompanied by a large magnetic entropy change ΔS{sub M} in La(Fe{sub x}Si{sub 1−x}){sub 13}, two types of modulation based on itinerant electron characteristics, namely, the Fermi-level shift and the magnetovolume effect were combined by complex partial substitution of Al and Pr. Ab-initio calculations predict the reduction of a transition hysteresis owing to the Fermi-level shift after partial substitution of Al. On the other hand, the chemical pressure arisen from partial substitution of Pr enhances ΔS{sub M} through magnetovolume effect. The selective enhancement of ΔS{sub M} apart from Q{sub H} by the magnetovolume effect is well explained by the phenomenological Landau model. Consequently, ΔS{sub M} of La{sub 0.8}Pr{sub 0.2}(Fe{sub 0.88}Si{sub 0.10}Al{sub 0.02}){sub 13} is −18 J/kg K under a magnetic field change of 0–1.2 T, while the maximum value of Q{sub H} becomes 1/6 of that for La(Fe{sub 0.88}Si{sub 0.12}){sub 13}.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Measurement of effect of electron cyclotron heating in a tandem mirror plasma using a semiconductor detector array and an electrostatic energy analyzer
Temporally and spatially resolved soft x-ray and end-loss-electron analyses of the electron cyclotron heated plasmas are carried out by using a semiconductor detector array and an electrostatic energy analyzer in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. The flux and the energy spectrum of the end loss electrons are measured by a multi-grid energy analyzer. Recently, the electron cyclotron heating power modulation experiments have been started in order to generate and control the high heat flux and to make the edge localized mode-like intermittent heat load pattern for the divertor simulation studies by the use of these detectors for electron properties.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machines
NLR's advanced power electronics and electric machines (APEEM) research group develops world-class experimental and modeling capabilities to design and evaluate efficient and reliable power electronics and electric machines, as well as innovative thermal management systems to maximize their performance. They also design, fabricate, and characterize advanced power electronics packaging and are developing state-of-health monitoring techniques.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
A study of cosmic-ray positron and electron spectra in interplanetary and interstellar space and the solar modulation of cosmic rays
The differential energy spectra of cosmic-ray positrons and negatrons with energies between approximately 11 and 1500 MeV was measured during the period 1968-1971 using a balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer. These measurements fill a gap in the previously existing data and permit the determination of the interstellar spectra of cosmic-ray positrons and electrons. Knowledge of these spectra provides a crucial tool for studies of the distribution and density of matter and magnetic fields in the interstellar medium and the origin and dynamics of energetic particles contained in the fields. The differential energy spectrum of interstellar electrons may be represented as a power-law, j alpha T to the -1.8 power for 100 MeV approximately T approximately 2 GeV, but must flatten considerably at lower energies. From the measured electron charge composition, it is concluded that the majority of cosmic-ray electrons with energies above approximately 10 MeV originate in primary sources.
Cummings, A. C.↗
Spitzer Space Telescope Spectroscopy of the Kepler Supernova Remnant
The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope was used for observations of the Kepler supernova remnant, with all four instrument modules targeted on the bright infrared knot located at 17h30m35.80s,-21d28m54.0s (J2000). The low spectral resolution modules data show a dust continuum spectrum consistent with dust grains heated by high-energy electrons, while the high resolution modules data show atomic emission line ratios consistent with excitation by a high velocity shock of greater than 100 kilometers per second and electron densities of approximately 1,000 per centimeter. The abundance ratios for the six detected elements show signs of heavy-element enhancement. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Support for this work was provided by NASA's Office of Space Science.
Roellig, T. L.↗
Electron‐Deficient and Quinoid Central Unit Engineering for Unfused Ring‐Based A 1 –D–A 2 –D–A 1 ‐Type Acceptor Enables High Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells with High V oc and PCE Simultaneously
Abstract Here, a pair of A 1 –D–A 2 –D–A 1 unfused ring core‐based nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs), BO2FIDT‐4Cl and BT2FIDT‐4Cl is synthesized, which possess the same terminals (A 1 ) and indacenodithiophene unit (D), coupling with different fluorinated electron‐deficient central unit (difluorobenzoxadiazole or difluorobenzothiadiazole) (A 2 ). BT2FIDT‐4Cl exhibits a slightly smaller optical bandgap of 1.56 eV, upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, much higher electron mobility, and slightly enhanced molecular packing order in neat thin films than that of BO2FIDT‐4Cl . The polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on BT2FIDT‐4Cl:PM7 yield the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5% with a V oc of 0.97 V, which is higher than that of BO2FIDT‐4Cl ‐based devices (PCE of 10.4%). The results demonstrate that the subtle modification of A 2 unit would result in lower trap‐assisted recombination, more favorable morphology features, and more balanced electron and hole mobility in the PM7:BT2FIDT‐4Cl blend films. It is worth mentioning that the PCE of 12.5% is the highest value in nonfused ring NF‐SMA‐based binary PSCs with high V oc over 0.90 V. These results suggest that appropriate modulation of the quinoid electron‐deficient central unit is an effective approach to construct highly efficient unfused ring NF‐SMAs to boost PCE and V oc simultaneously.
Zhang, Chao↗
Evidence for primary interstellar cosmic-ray electrons
We have performed a comparative study of the absolute solar modulation of cosmic-ray positrons and electrons. We find that the interstellar electron spectrum, which is described by a power-law slope at higher energies, must flatten below about 100 MeV, that a significant fraction of interstellar cosmic-ray electrons must originate in primary sources, and that the rigidity dependence of the interplanetary cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient, R raised to the power of alpha, changes from alpha greater than zero at higher rigidities to alpha -1 below about 60 MV.
Cummings, A. C.↗
Development of fire resistant electronic configurations for use in oxygen enriched environments
The flammability requirements of the various manned space programs have required development of electronic configurations that would eliminate any flammability hazard to crews or missions. Initial test and development efforts were directed at the development of nonflammable or self-exsinguishing materials. It was soon realized that a more relevant approach in eliminating flammability hazards was to consider materials as to their application and configuration. Design concepts for electronic black boxes and modules were tested in oxygen enriched atmospheres, and it was found that various types of sealed configurations would generally eliminate any flammability hazard. The type of configuration and its construction was found to be of more importance in the elimination of flammability hazards in electronic configurations than the types of materials utilized in them. The design concepts developed for fire hazard free electronic configurations for use in manned space programs of electronic configurations for use in manned space programs are applicable for the design of electronic hardware for any use or environment.
F. J. Smith↗
Large Modulation of Charge Carrier Mobility in Doped Nanoporous Organic Transistors
Molecular doping of organic electronics has shown promise to sensitively modulate important device metrics. One critical challenge is the disruption of structure order upon doping of highly crystalline organic semiconductors, which significantly reduces the charge carrier mobility. This paper demonstrates a new method to achieve large modulation of charge carrier mobility via channel doping without disrupting the molecular ordering. Central to the method is the introduction of nanopores into the organic semiconductor thin films via a simple and robust templated meniscus-guided coating method. Using this method, the charge carrier mobility of C 8 -benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene transistors is boosted by almost sevenfold. This paper further demonstrates enhanced electron transport by close to an order of magnitude in a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor–acceptor polymer. Combining spectroscopic measurements, density functional theory calculations, and electrical characterizations, the doping mechanism is identified as partial-charge-transfer induced trap filling. The nanopores serve to enhance the dopant/organic semiconductor charge transfer reaction by exposing the π-electrons to the pore wall.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗