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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,027 records · Page 57
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Bioenergy and Climate Change in Ukraine: How climate can impact the sustainability of bioenergy production

The Russian invasion has exacerbated Ukraine’s energy security issues, prompting a shift toward diversifying energy supply sources. Additionally, strategic documents aim to align Ukraine’s energy system with EU climate requirements, focusing on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and advancing decarbonization efforts. This report focuses on the expansion of bioenergy as an alternative source of energy in Ukraine. Current assessments suggest that Ukraine has substantial bioenergy potential, primarily from agricultural residues and energy crops. However, the challenges posed by climate change and the ongoing war might impact the outcome of these projections. This report highlights the importance of integrating climate factors into energy modeling using tools like the integrated assessment models to provide a comprehensive understanding of Ukraine’s bioenergy potential under various climate scenarios. It also emphasizes the need for climate-smart agriculture and forestry practices to mitigate risks, enhance energy efficiency, and support resilient crop supplies. Recommendations for stakeholders include diversification of the energy supply sources, developing adaptation strategies, diversifying bioenergy feedstocks, and ensuring robust decision-making to navigate the impacts of climate change on Ukraine’s energy system.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Idaho National Laboratory CY 2024 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Analysis, Methodology, and Results for Radionuclides

This report documents the methodology and results for calculating the effective dose equivalent (EDE) to the maximally exposed individual (MEI) from atmospheric radionuclide emissions from Idaho National Laboratory (INL) sources in Calendar Year (CY) 2024. The calculations were performed in accordance with requirements in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, “Protection of the Environment,” Part 61, “National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs),” Subpart H, “National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities” (40 CFR 61, Subpart H). UDFs were calculated using the computer model CAP88-PC for unit (1 Ci/yr) emission rates at INL Site facilities and INL in-town (Idaho Falls) facilities and stored in Microsoft Access databases. The UDFs—in this case, mrem/Ci—were then combined with radionuclide-specific release (emission) rates for each facility-specific source to compute doses at predetermined public receptor locations, including the MEI locations. This report contains the dose results and a description of the methodology and tools used to compute the doses.

07 - ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Leveraging Gaussian Mixture Models for Detecting Anomalies in Time-Series Data

Test systems must be capable of classifying measured data as expected or anomalous in real time. Anomalous results may portend system failure, and, if undetected, may result in damage to the unit, test equipment, or potential harm to personnel. This report investigates the use of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) as a clustering tool in classifying time-series data.

Wilke, Rudeger H.T. [Sandia National Laboratories ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fiber-Optic Raman Probe for On-line EAF Slag Analysis

Here, in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking, the push for improved efficiency requires accurate analysis of the chemical composition of its slag system to control slag foaming, provide refractory protection, and maintain high furnace iron yield. Therefore, the ability to obtain real-time slag chemistry data would provide a useful tool to improve the control and efficiency of the process. The work reported here aims to assess the structure and chemistry of EAF slags at high temperatures using a portable fiber-optic Raman probe. As a result, the ability to relate Raman spectra peaks to chemistry and structure is demonstrated in experimental result with EAF slags at 1550°C.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1983

Flight test trajectory control analysis

Recent extensions to optimal control theory applied to meaningful linear models with sufficiently flexible software tools provide powerful techniques for designing flight test trajectory controllers (FTTCs). This report describes the principal steps for systematic development of flight trajectory controllers, which can be summarized as planning, modeling, designing, and validating a trajectory controller. The techniques have been kept as general as possible and should apply to a wide range of problems where quantities must be computed and displayed to a pilot to improve pilot effectiveness and to reduce workload and fatigue. To illustrate the approach, a detailed trajectory guidance law is developed and demonstrated for the F-15 aircraft flying the zoom-and-pushover maneuver.

Walker, R.↗
NASA NTRS1988

User's manual for interactive LINEAR: A FORTRAN program to derive linear aircraft models

An interactive FORTRAN program that provides the user with a powerful and flexible tool for the linearization of aircraft aerodynamic models is documented in this report. The program LINEAR numerically determines a linear system model using nonlinear equations of motion and a user-supplied linear or nonlinear aerodynamic model. The nonlinear equations of motion used are six-degree-of-freedom equations with stationary atmosphere and flat, nonrotating earth assumptions. The system model determined by LINEAR consists of matrices for both the state and observation equations. The program has been designed to allow easy selection and definition of the state, control, and observation variables to be used in a particular model.

Antoniewicz, Robert F.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Constraints on the differentiation of the Earth from the coupled Sm-146,147-Nd-142,143 systematics

The coupled Sm-Nd systematics are a powerful (albeit analytically challenging) tool for investigating the geodynamic history of the Earth. We have previously reported evidence for a 33 ppm difference of an Isua sample relative to our terrestrial standard. Interpretation yields a formation age range for the depleted mantle (DM) source reservoir of 4.45-4.55 Ga. This is consistent with an epoch of LREE-enriched melt extraction from the mantle (proto-crust formation), soon after magma ocean freeze-up following the putative Moon forming giant impact.

Jacobsen, S. B.↗
NASA NTRS1994

A Model-Based Expert System for Space Power Distribution Diagnostics

When engineers diagnose system failures, they often use models to confirm system operation. This concept has produced a class of advanced expert systems that perform model-based diagnosis. A model-based diagnostic expert system for the Space Station Freedom electrical power distribution test bed is currently being developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The objective of this expert system is to autonomously detect and isolate electrical fault conditions. Marple, a software package developed at TRW, provides a model-based environment utilizing constraint suspension. Originally, constraint suspension techniques were developed for digital systems. However, Marple provides the mechanisms for applying this approach to analog systems such as the test bed, as well. The expert system was developed using Marple and Lucid Common Lisp running on a Sun Sparc-2 workstation. The Marple modeling environment has proved to be a useful tool for investigating the various aspects of model-based diagnostics. This report describes work completed to date and lessons learned while employing model-based diagnostics using constraint suspension within an analog system.

Quinn, Todd M.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Optical measurements in rocket engine liquid sprays

The performance of liquid propellant rocket engines is dependent upon many elements of the entire system. One of the most fundamental and most critical is the performance of the injector elements. Their characterization is an important part of the development of combustion devices. Optical measurements within these environments have proven to be invaluable tools in quantifying the physical environment of two phase flows. The effort reported herein involves the measurement of drop velocity, drop size, and most importantly mass flux using Phase-Doppler Particle Anemometry within a spray generated by a single swirl injector element operating in atmospheric pressure conditions. The mass flux has been determined and validated by mechanical patternation methods and by profile integration of the mass flux.

Feikema, Douglas A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Structural Optimization for Reliability Using Nonlinear Goal Programming

This report details the development of a reliability based multi-objective design tool for solving structural optimization problems. Based on two different optimization techniques, namely sequential unconstrained minimization and nonlinear goal programming, the developed design method has the capability to take into account the effects of variability on the proposed design through a user specified reliability design criterion. In its sequential unconstrained minimization mode, the developed design tool uses a composite objective function, in conjunction with weight ordered design objectives, in order to take into account conflicting and multiple design criteria. Multiple design criteria of interest including structural weight, load induced stress and deflection, and mechanical reliability. The nonlinear goal programming mode, on the other hand, provides for a design method that eliminates the difficulty of having to define an objective function and constraints, while at the same time has the capability of handling rank ordered design objectives or goals. For simulation purposes the design of a pressure vessel cover plate was undertaken as a test bed for the newly developed design tool. The formulation of this structural optimization problem into sequential unconstrained minimization and goal programming form is presented. The resulting optimization problem was solved using: (i) the linear extended interior penalty function method algorithm; and (ii) Powell's conjugate directions method. Both single and multi-objective numerical test cases are included demonstrating the design tool's capabilities as it applies to this design problem.

El-Sayed, Mohamed E.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Imaging Carbon Nanotubes in High Performance Polymer Composites via Magnetic Force Microscope

Application of carbon nanotubes as reinforcement in structural composites is dependent on the efficient dispersion of the nanotubes in a high performance polymer matrix. The characterization of such dispersion is limited by the lack of available tools to visualize the quality of the matrix/carbon nanotube interaction. The work reported herein demonstrates the use of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) as a promising technique for characterizing the dispersion of nanotubes in a high performance polymer matrix.

Lillehei, Peter T.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Multidisciplinary Multiobjective Optimal Design for Turbomachinery Using Evolutionary Algorithm

This report summarizes Dr. Lian s efforts toward developing a robust and efficient tool for multidisciplinary and multi-objective optimal design for turbomachinery using evolutionary algorithms. This work consisted of two stages. The first stage (from July 2003 to June 2004) Dr. Lian focused on building essential capabilities required for the project. More specifically, Dr. Lian worked on two subjects: an enhanced genetic algorithm (GA) and an integrated optimization system with a GA and a surrogate model. The second stage (from July 2004 to February 2005) Dr. Lian formulated aerodynamic optimization and structural optimization into a multi-objective optimization problem and performed multidisciplinary and multi-objective optimizations on a transonic compressor blade based on the proposed model. Dr. Lian s numerical results showed that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the blade weight and increase the stage pressure ratio in an efficient manner. In addition, the new design was structurally safer than the original design. Five conference papers and three journal papers were published on this topic by Dr. Lian.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2002

Deep Space Network equipment performance, reliability, and operations management information system

The Deep Space Mission System (DSMS) Operations Program Office and the DeepSpace Network (DSN) facilities utilize the Discrepancy Reporting Management System (DRMS) to collect, process, communicate and manage data discrepancies, equipment resets, physical equipment status, and to maintain an internal Station Log. A collaborative effort development between JPL and the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex delivered a system to support DSN Operations.

discrepancy reporting DSN operations web-based too↗
NASA NTRS2008

State of the Art Assessment of Simulation in Advanced Materials Development

Advances in both the underlying theory and in the practical implementation of molecular modeling techniques have increased their value in the advanced materials development process. The objective is to accelerate the maturation of emerging materials by tightly integrating modeling with the other critical processes: synthesis, processing, and characterization. The aims of this report are to summarize the state of the art of existing modeling tools and to highlight a number of areas in which additional development is required. In an effort to maintain focus and limit length, this survey is restricted to classical simulation techniques including molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations.

Wise, Kristopher E.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Use of Remote Sensing Data to Enhance NWS Storm Damage Toolkit

In the wake of a natural disaster such as a tornado, the National Weather Service (NWS) is required to provide a very detailed and timely storm damage assessment to local, state and federal homeland security officials. The Post ]Storm Data Acquisition (PSDA) procedure involves the acquisition and assembly of highly perishable data necessary for accurate post ]event analysis and potential integration into a geographic information system (GIS) available to its end users and associated decision makers. Information gained from the process also enables the NWS to increase its knowledge of extreme events, learn how to better use existing equipment, improve NWS warning programs, and provide accurate storm intensity and damage information to the news media and academia. To help collect and manage all of this information, forecasters in NWS Southern Region are currently developing a Storm Damage Assessment Toolkit (SDAT), which incorporates GIS ]capable phones and laptops into the PSDA process by tagging damage photography, location, and storm damage details with GPS coordinates for aggregation within the GIS database. However, this tool alone does not fully integrate radar and ground based storm damage reports nor does it help to identify undetected storm damage regions. In many cases, information on storm damage location (beginning and ending points, swath width, etc.) from ground surveys is incomplete or difficult to obtain. Geographic factors (terrain and limited roads in rural areas), manpower limitations, and other logistical constraints often prevent the gathering of a comprehensive picture of tornado or hail damage, and may allow damage regions to go undetected. Molthan et al. (2011) have shown that high resolution satellite data can provide additional valuable information on storm damage tracks to augment this database. This paper presents initial development to integrate satellitederived damage track information into the SDAT for near real ]time use by forecasters and decision makers.

Jedlove, Gary J.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Summary of NDE of Additive Manufacturing Efforts in NASA

(1) General Rationale for Additive Manufacturing (AM): (a) Operate under a 'design-to-constraint' paradigm, make parts too complicated to fabricate otherwise, (b) Reduce weight by 20 percent with monolithic parts, (c) Reduce waste (green manufacturing), (e) Eliminate reliance on Original Equipment Manufacturers for critical spares, and (f) Extend life of in-service parts by innovative repair methods; (2) NASA OSMA NDE of AM State-of-the-Discipline Report; (3) Overview of NASA AM Efforts at Various Centers: (a) Analytical Tools, (b) Ground-Based Fabrication (c) Space-Based Fabrication; and (d) Center Activity Summaries; (4) Overview of NASA NDE data to date on AM parts; and (5) Gap Analysis/Recommendations for NDE of AM.

Waller, Jess↗
NASA NTRS2021

Multi-Physics Based Thermo-Well Fatigue Design Tool

In this study, mathematical-based models for fatigue life were developed for Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)/thermo-wells in high-pressure, cryogenic flow environments. A literature review that identified bench-scale stainless steel fatigue data at cryogenic temperatures that can be used to validate fatigue life mathematical models was pursued. Developing the ability to predict the fatigue life of RTDs/thermo-wells in high-pressure, cryogenic flow environments, especially liquid oxygen (LOX), will lead to a lower incidence of RTD damage and failure during propulsion test activities. During this performance period, the project was transitioned to a computational RTD/thermos-well fatigue modeling effort rather than the previously proposed experimental fatigue testing in FY19 since the computational modeling approach will provide a better fundamental understanding of fatigue behavior at cryogenic temperatures prior to pursuing potentially costly experimental tests. Due to COVID-19 issues impairing access to some needed university partnerships, tools and lab facilities, FY20efforts are continuing into FY21 and will be reported upon in greater detail in the FY21 report

Harry Ryan↗