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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,027 records · Page 57
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Quantifying the Impact of Advanced Web Platforms on High Performance Computing Usage

The deployment of Science Gateways for High Performance Computing (HPC) systems can alter long-accepted usage patterns on supercomputing systems in positive ways as an ever-increasing number of users migrate their workflows to HPC systems. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has deployed two separate advanced web platforms, Open OnDemand and NICE DCV, for integration with HPC resources to improve web accessibility for HPC users. Researchers conducted a multi-year study on how HPC usage pat- terns changed in the presence of these platforms. This work reports the results of that study and quantifies the observed impacts, including adoption by visualization and Jupyter Notebook/Lab users, decreased job submission friction, rapid uptake of HPC by Windows users, and increased overall system utilization. The most significant impacts were observed from the deployment of Open OnDemand, and this work also identifies some best practices for Open OnDemand deployment for HPC datacenters.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Radiation Testing for High-Resolution Radiation-Hardened Camera System (Final CRADA Report)

The nuclear energy industry needs higher-image quality and higher rad-hard vision systems for refueling and inspection operations that are required every 12-18 months for all operating commercial reactors. During refueling operations, the serial numbers of fuel assemblies need to be visually verified in a challenging high radiation environment with dose rates on the order of 1kGy/hr. at the top of the core (approximately 10 days after shutdown). Vega Wave Systems has developed and built a radiation hard vision system that: 1. has high radiation hardness, 2. demonstrated best in the industry image quality, 3. has small size and weight, and 4. does not suffer from radiation-induced noise. ANL-1060 (02/13/2023) The proprietary Enduray vision system from Vega Wave Systems, Inc. is designed to withstand more than 400x the radiation level of the Vidicon-based systems, currently the highest radiation tolerant system in use today. The Van De Graaff (VDG) electron accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory is ideally suited for testing of Enduray vision system. VDG provides a broad band (up to 3 MeV) x-ray source that reasonably approximates the energy and spectrum of the gamma radiation expected at the top of a nuclear core 10 days after shutdown (~1kGy/hr.), is easily controlled for variable tests, and will not activate the parts under radiation for ease of timely and close inspection and characterization of the system in case of operational issues.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermal Performance Benchmarking; NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

This project proposes to seek out the SOA power electronics and motor technologies to thermally benchmark their performance. The benchmarking will focus on the thermal aspects of the system. System metrics including the junction-to-coolant thermal resistance and the parasitic power consumption (i.e., coolant flow rates and pressure drop performance) of the heat exchanger will be measured. The type of heat exchanger (i.e., channel flow, brazed, folded-fin) and any enhancement features (i.e., enhanced surfaces) will be identified and evaluated to understand their effect on performance. Additionally, the thermal resistance/conductivity of the power module’s passive stack and motor’s laminations and copper winding bundles will also be measured. The research conducted will allow insight into the various cooling strategies to understand which heat exchangers are most effective in terms of thermal performance and efficiency. Modeling analysis and fluid-flow visualization may also be carried out to better understand the heat transfer and fluid dynamics of the systems.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2017

Publisher Correction: Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule

The tool box for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some of the techniques visualize the mean geometrical structure, others image the single electron density or single electron orbitals. Molecules, however, are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is often decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depend on the positions and momenta of the other electrons and the nuclei. Such correlations have escaped direct observation by imaging techniques so far. We implement an imaging scheme which visualizes correlations between electrons by coincident detection of the electronic and nuclear fragments after high energy photofragmentation. We use this technique to examine parts of the H 2 two-electron wave function in which electron-electron correlation beyond the mean-field level is prominent and we visualize the dependence of the correlated two-electron wave function on the internuclear distance. High energy photoelectrons are shown to be a powerful tool for molecular imaging and our study paves the way for future time resolved imaging of electron correlations at free electron lasers and laser based X-ray sources. (The original version of this Article contained an error in the fifth sentence of the first paragraph of the 'Application on H 2 ' section of the Results, which incorrectly read 'The role of electron correlation is quite apparent in this presentation: Fig. 1a is empty for the uncorrelated Hartree-Fock wave function, since projection of the latter wave function onto the 2pσ u orbital is exactly zero, while this is not the case for the fully correlated wave function (Fig. 1d); also, Fig. 1b, c for the uncorrelated description are identical, while Fig. 1e, f for the correlated case are significantly different.' The correct version replaces 'Fig. 1e, f' with 'Fig. 2e and f'. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.)

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Multi-omics analysis provides insight to the Ignicoccus hospitalis - Nanoarchaeum equitans association

Studies of interspecies interactions are inherently difficult due to the complex mechanisms which enable these relationships. A model system for studying interspecies interactions is the marine hyperthermophiles Ignicoccus hospitalis and Nanoarchaeum equitans. Recent independently-conducted ‘omics’ analyses have generated insights into the molecular factors modulating this association. However, significant questions remain about the nature of the interactions between these archaea. We jointly analyzed multiple levels of omics datasets obtained from published, independent transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses. DAVID identified functionally-related groups enriched when I. hospitalis is grown alone or in co-culture with N. equitans. Enriched molecular pathways were subsequently visualized using interaction maps generated using STRING. Key findings of our multi-level omics analysis indicated that I. hospitalis provides precursors to N. equitans for energy metabolism. Analysis indicated an overall reduction in diversity of metabolic precursors in the I. hospitalis–N. equitans co-culture, which has been connected to the differential use of ribosomal subunits and was previously unnoticed. We also identified differences in precursors linked to amino acid metabolism, NADH metabolism, and carbon fixation, providing new insights into the metabolic adaptions of I. hospitalis enabling the growth of N. equitans. In conclusion, this multi-omics analysis builds upon previously identified cellular patterns while offering new insights into mechanisms that enable the I. hospitalis–N. equitans association. This study applies statistical and visualization techniques to a mixed-source omics dataset to yield a more global insight into a complex system, that was not readily discernable from separate omics studies.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cherenkov Video Imaging Allows for the First Visualization of Radiation Therapy in Real Time

Purpose: To determine whether Cherenkov light imaging can visualize radiation therapy in real time during breast radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: An intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was synchronized to the 3.25-μs radiation pulses of the clinical linear accelerator with the intensifier set × 100. Cherenkov images were acquired continuously (2.8 frames/s) during fractionated whole breast irradiation with each frame an accumulation of 100 radiation pulses (approximately 5 monitor units). Results: The first patient images ever created are used to illustrate that Cherenkov emission can be visualized as a video during conditions typical for breast radiation therapy, even with complex treatment plans, mixed energies, and modulated treatment fields. Images were generated correlating to the superficial dose received by the patient and potentially the location of the resulting skin reactions. Major blood vessels are visible in the image, providing the potential to use these as biological landmarks for improved geometric accuracy. The potential for this system to detect radiation therapy misadministrations, which can result from hardware malfunction or patient positioning setup errors during individual fractions, is shown. Conclusions: Cherenkoscopy is a unique method for visualizing surface dose resulting in real-time quality control. We propose that this system could detect radiation therapy errors in everyday clinical practice at a time when these errors can be corrected to result in improved safety and quality of radiation therapy.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2016

TU-A-201-00: Image Guidance Technologies and Management Strategies

Recent years have seen a widespread proliferation of available in-room image guidance systems for radiation therapy target localization with many centers having multiple in-room options. In this session, available imaging systems for in-room IGRT will be reviewed highlighting the main differences in workflow efficiency, targeting accuracy and image quality as it relates to target visualization. Decision-making strategies for integrating these tools into clinical image guidance protocols that are tailored to specific disease sites like H&N, lung, pelvis, and spine SBRT will be discussed. Learning Objectives: Major system characteristics of a wide range of available in-room imaging systems for IGRT. Advantages / disadvantages of different systems for site-specific IGRT considerations. Concepts of targeting accuracy and time efficiency in designing clinical imaging protocols.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

TU-A-201-01: Introduction to In-Room Imaging System Characteristics

Recent years have seen a widespread proliferation of available in-room image guidance systems for radiation therapy target localization with many centers having multiple in-room options. In this session, available imaging systems for in-room IGRT will be reviewed highlighting the main differences in workflow efficiency, targeting accuracy and image quality as it relates to target visualization. Decision-making strategies for integrating these tools into clinical image guidance protocols that are tailored to specific disease sites like H&N, lung, pelvis, and spine SBRT will be discussed. Learning Objectives: Major system characteristics of a wide range of available in-room imaging systems for IGRT. Advantages / disadvantages of different systems for site-specific IGRT considerations. Concepts of targeting accuracy and time efficiency in designing clinical imaging protocols.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

TU-A-201-02: Treatment Site-Specific Considerations for Clinical IGRT

Recent years have seen a widespread proliferation of available in-room image guidance systems for radiation therapy target localization with many centers having multiple in-room options. In this session, available imaging systems for in-room IGRT will be reviewed highlighting the main differences in workflow efficiency, targeting accuracy and image quality as it relates to target visualization. Decision-making strategies for integrating these tools into clinical image guidance protocols that are tailored to specific disease sites like H&N, lung, pelvis, and spine SBRT will be discussed. Learning Objectives: Major system characteristics of a wide range of available in-room imaging systems for IGRT. Advantages / disadvantages of different systems for site-specific IGRT considerations. Concepts of targeting accuracy and time efficiency in designing clinical imaging protocols.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Remote Monitoring System Design Requirements for Accountable Nuclear Materials at the Nevada National Security Site

The Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) worked with other sites within the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration weapons complex to develop design requirements for a Remote Monitoring System. System objectives included: Continuous monitoring of packaging (containers) within a Facility's buildings to meet Material Control and Accountability (MC&A) inventory requirements. Remotely access and receive monitoring data for tamper detection/alarm, tracking information, environmental conditions, equipment metadata (serial number, date of manufacture, etc.), and assessment video feeds. All data processing, storage/retrieval, and communications will be protected in a manner commensurate with its trust level and classification. Remotely collected and processed data will be securely stored, backed up, and archived. Current and historical data will accessible within and outside of a Building (location). Automated creation of reports and data visualization. Design features to facilitate the potential future integration with the Facility's physical security alarm and display system. The requirements may be used to develop an integrated conceptual design or may be used in a modular fashion to inform separate designs. The guiding principles in developing the system objectives include: For MC&A needs, remotely perform the physical inventory and evidence collection of tamper for Security Category I and II packaged material within a facility and be capable of satisfying guidelines establish by DOE M 470.4-6, “Nuclear Material Control and Accountability.” For personnel safety needs: Meet/satisfy Nuclear Explosive Safety requirements. Minimize the exposure of personnel to radiation to be as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) in accordance with NSTec Radiological Controls Manual. For DOE nuclear materials, Building environment shall be controlled to meet requirements for packaged nuclear materials specified in weapons laboratory literature.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

Mitigating Traffic Congestion Through Visual Cues: Advancing Transportation Safety and Efficiency

While humans have an innate ability to estimate speed and distance, this capability is inherently imprecise. This imprecision has significant implications for traffic systems, which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in movement. Even small variations in velocity and following distances between travelers can create congestion in high-traffic environments. The absence of an effective and widely adopted solution creates significant transportation inefficiency. However, emerging technologies offer promising ways to help mitigate this issue. This paper will analyze the effectiveness of visual cues in reducing traffic congestion. Specifically, this paper presents an experiment using addressable LEDs to evaluate their effectiveness in influencing pedestrian behavior. These programmable lights enable individual control over each LED in a strip, allowing for dynamic lighting effects that serve as useful visual cues. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that visual cues, such as addressable LED guidance, can effectively influence traveler behavior and contribute to reducing traffic congestion.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Toward Intelligent Multimodal Holography for Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Dynamic Ion Separation

Molecular-level visualization of ion transport and separation dynamics in complex environments is crucial for advancing energy systems, water purification, and critical materials recovery. Achieving this requires imaging platforms that combine structural sensitivity, chemical specificity, and real-time operation. Digital off-axis holography (DOAH) provides high-throughput, label-free quantitative phase imaging but inherently lacks chemical selectivity. Integrating DOAH with complementary spectroscopic channels such as fluorescence or hyperspectral imaging introduces the needed molecular specificity, while also creating challenges in multimodal data fusion, synchronization, and computational throughput. Artificial intelligence offers a powerful route to address these limitations by uniting physics-based reconstruction with data-driven interpretation. In this Perspective, we outline a framework for intelligent multimodal holography and demonstrate its potential using a preliminary AI-driven test case. Raw DOAH holograms of lanthanide solutions subjected to magnetic field gradients were analyzed using multi-agent AI workflows that autonomously selected reconstruction tools, extracted NMF components, and generated scientific claims consistent with true paramagnetic and diamagnetic behavior. This demonstration shows how AI-enabled reasoning can deliver real-time chemical–structural interpretation directly from raw holograms. Together, these advances define a path toward adaptive, intelligent holography platforms capable of supporting in situ chemical separations, dynamic ion transport analysis, and next-generation interfacial science.

Ricchiuti, Giovanna↗
DOE OSTI2021

Advances and challenges in CO2 foam technologies for enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs

Utilization of surfactants for generating foam has the potential for fluid-mobility control during CO2 flooding processes, leading to improved oil recovery. This manuscript is a review of the most important aspects for the design of CO2-foams with mobility control in carbonate reservoirs, including recent advances in novel surfactants and analytical techniques for analysis of surfactant adsorption on carbonate minerals and their thermal stability. Several key parameters and properties regarding foam transport in porous media are reviewed such as, the minimum pressure gradient required for foam generation, the effects of the partition coefficient of a CO2-soluble surfactant on foam transport in rock cores, visualization of foam flow by either microfluidic or PET/CT imaging processes in heterogeneous or fractured systems and the effect of oil on foam transport under reservoir conditions. Also are discussed the most recent advances of two major foam modeling methods, including the semi-empirical STARS foam model and the population balance model, as well as CO2 foam pilot tests and the factors governing their successes.

Jian, Guoqing↗
DOE OSTI2024

Gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation effects on polymers in an advanced bone cement mixer device

The medical device industry has been investigating ways to increase the use of alternatives to cobalt-60 gamma radiation and ethylene-oxide gas sterilization, such as electron beam (E-beam) and X-ray radiation, due to regulatory and market pressures. One impediment to switching to E-beam or X-ray technology for sterilization is the lack of data on the effects of these radiation sources on medical device polymers. To provide such data this work considers irradiation and testing of a common single-use medical bone cement mixing system, the Stryker Advanced Cement Mixer (ACM®), that is composed of seven polymer materials. The ACM® devices considered here were processed to sterilization-relevant doses (15, 25, 50, and 70 kGy) using three radiation technologies: gamma, E-beam, and X-ray. The system and its polymer components were tested for product functionality, as well as mechanical and visual properties to determine how exposure effects may be influenced by radiation technology and dose level. We found that although there were instances of statistically significant differences in effects between the gamma-irradiated products and those irradiated with E-beam and X-ray, those effects were negligible in terms of retained functionality of the product and retained mechanical properties of the polymer components. Overall, results of this study demonstrate that, for of the effects studied, E-beam and X-ray are viable alternatives to cobalt-60 gamma radiation for sterilization of the polymer-based device investigated.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Using indium tin oxide material to implement the imaging of microwave plasma ignition process

In this paper, a method is introduced to get global observation of microwave plasma ignition process at high pressure. A microwave resonator was designed with an indium tin oxide coated glass at bottom. Microwave plasma ignition was implemented in methane and air mixture at 10 bars by a 2 ms-3 kW-2.45 GHz microwave pulse, and the high speed images of the ignition process were obtained. The images visually proved that microwave plasma ignition could lead to a multi-point ignition. The system may also be applied to obtain Schlieren images, which is commonly used to observe the development of flame kernel in an ignition process.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

pnnl/DPVPROT

Distributed photovoltaics protection software toolkit The code package includes several important functions for design and analysis of new grid protection schemes, for scenarios of distributed photovoltaic (DPV) generation approaching 100% of the peak feeder load, i.e., high-penetration DPV. Convert distribution feeder models, used by planning engineers, to electromagnetic transient (EMT) models that produce waveforms for advanced relay algorithms. Visualize the results of protection scheme operation. Tools to determine distance relay settings on distribution systems. Tools to predict the performance of time-domain, incremental distance relay algorithms

McDermott, Tom↗