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At least 1,027 records · Page 57

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NASA NTRS1972

Remote measurement of chlorophyll concentration and secchi-depth using the principal components of the ocean's color spectrum

Statistical results and conclusions are presented, based on direct comparisons of the ocean's color and chlorophyll concentration. The ocean color and ground truth data for this analysis were collected during Mission 140 of NASA's NP3A earth resources aircraft over the period from 6 through 14 August 1970. During this experiment, chlorophyll and light attenuation data were collected. All sets of comparative observations are simultaneous in the sense that the ship began sampling when the aircraft came overhead.

Mueller, J. L.↗

NASA NTRS1971

Coverage by land, sea, and airplane surveys, 1900-1967.

The worldwide coverage of the earth by land, sea, and aircraft magnetic surveys since the beginning of the 20th century is shown on three world maps for surface surveys spanning the periods of 1900-1930, 1930-1955, and 1955-1967, respectively, on a fourth map for ship-towed magnetometer surveys performed after 1956, and on a fifth map for 1953-1966 airborne survey data. The technique used, involving a position plotting of each measurement with a microfilm plotter, results in the appearance of heavily surveyed regions as completely darkened areas. The coverage includes measurements at about 100,000 land stations, airborne measurements at over 90,000 points, and marine measurements at over 25,000 points. The marine measurements cover over 1,000,000 km of trackline.

Fabiano, E.↗

NASA NTRS1971

What can nuclear energy do for society.

Nuclear fuel is a compact and abundant source of energy. Its cost per unit of energy is less than that of fossil fuel. Disadvantages of nuclear fuel are connected with the high cost of capital equipment required for releasing nuclear energy and the heavy weight of the necessary shielding. In the case of commercial electric power production and marine propulsion the advantages have outweighed the disadvantages. It is pointed out that nuclear commercial submarines have certain advantages compared to surface ships. Nuclear powerplants might make air-cushion vehicles for transoceanic ranges feasible. The problems and advantages of a nuclear aircraft are discussed together with nuclear propulsion for interplanetary space voyages.

Rom, F. E.↗

NASA NTRS1972

The role of time-frequency in satellite position determination systems.

Tests were conducted by NASA on radio navigation satellite systems that employ the use of time-frequency determination. The satellites used for this purpose were the ATS 1 and 3, and the Nimbus 3 and 4. Several systems were tested in order to examine the feasibility of three satellite navigation concepts: (1) multiple satellite range measurements, (2) satellite range rate, or range and range rate measurements and (3) satellite angle measurements. Test results indicate that locations of ships and aircraft can be determined to within 3-5 km, one sigma, by these satellite methods, and that location accuracy is both a function of the RF employed and of the extent of knowledge of the satellite orbit.

Ehrlich, E.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Scanning beacon locator system: A concept

If aircraft and ships are equipped with beacons capable of communicating with satellites, rescue efforts may speed up significantly. In event of disaster, beacons can transmit distress message to satellite which, in turn, will relay message to nearest rescue center, indicating distress location.

Shores, P. W.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Gas chromatography of volatile organic compounds

System has been used for problems such as analysis of volatile metabolities in human blood and urine, analysis of air pollutants, and in tobacco smoke chemistry. Since adsorbent is reusable after porper reconditioning, method is both convenient and economical. System could be used for large scale on-site sampling programs in which sample is shipped to central location for analysis.

Zlatkis, A.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Remote sensing of ocean currents

The author has identified the following significant results. Monthly field experiments in support of the NOAA investigation of ocean color boundary determination using ERTS data have been conducted since June 1972. The color boundary between the Loop Current and coastal water has been detected by airborne cameras with ERTS type bandpass filters, at altitudes of 7300 meters. Ship and aircraft data hint that the boundary may be enhanced due to increased phytoplankton populations caused by convergence of the surface waters. The term edge effect has been coined to describe this phenomenon.

Maul, G. A.↗

NASA NTRS1972

A Wind Tunnel Flight Correlation of Apollo 15 Sonic Boom

A correlation of sonic boom pressure signatures recorded during reentry of the Apollo 15 command module with wind-tunnel signatures extrapolated to flight distances has been made for Mach numbers of 1.16 and 4.57. The flight pressure signatures were recorded by pressure sensors located onboard ships positioned near the ground track while the wind-tunnel signatures were measured during tests of a 0.016-scale model of the command module. The agreement between estimates based on wind-tunnel data and flight measurements was better at Mach 4.57 than at Mach 1.16.

Hicks, R. M.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Satellite communication and navigation for mobile users

Efforts made to utilize space technology for solving communication and navigation problems faced by mobile users in earth orientated situations are outlined. Applications include transoceanic airline communications, reliable long range ship-shore communications, emergency communications in regions with rough terrain, and military operations.

Bernstein, S. L.↗

NASA NTRS1972

A method for defining down-wind evacuation areas for transportation accidents involving toxic propellant spills

Evacuation areas for accidental spills of toxic propellants along rail and highway shipping routes are defined to help local authorities reduce risks to people from excessive vapor concentrations. These criteria along with other emergency information are shown in propellant spill cards. The evacuation areas are based on current best estimates of propellant evaporation rates from various areas of spill puddles. These rates are used together with a continuous point-source, bi-normal model of plume dispersion. The rate at which the toxic plume disperses is based on a neutral atmospheric condition. This condition, which results in slow plume dispersion, represents the widest range of weather parameters which could occur during the day and nighttime periods. Evacuation areas are defined by the ground level boundaries of the plume within which the concentrations exceed the toxic Threshold Limit Value (TLV) or in some cases the Emergency Exposure Limit (EEL).

Siewert, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Study of the marine environment of the northern Gulf of California

There are no author-identified significant results in this report. Progress in studies of the marine environment of the northern Gulf of California is described. A ship was chartered in Mexico, staffed with local seamen, equipped for oceanographic work, and is now conducting monthly cruises of 47 stations, collecting ground observations for correlation with ERTS-1 imagery in the Arizona Regional Ecological Test Site laboratory in Tucson. Progress is reported on fabrication of instrument buoys equipped with marine-adapted DCP's to transmit ground observations via satellite to Tucson. Data handling processes are described. Coordination of work with Mexican scientists is detailed.

Hendrickson, J. R.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Northwest passage: Trade route for large air cushion vehicles

A conceptual vehicle and powerplant (10,000-ton) nuclear-powered air-cushion vehicle (ACV) that could open the Northwest Passage and other Arctic passages to commercial traffic is identified. The report contains a description of the conceptual vehicle, including the powerplant and operations, an assessment of technical feasibility, estimates of capital and operating costs, and identification of eligible cargo and markets. A comparison of the nuclear ACV freighter with nuclear container ships shows that for containerized or roll-on/roll-off cargo the ACV would provide greatly reduced transit time between North Atlantic and North Pacific ports at a competitive cost.

Anderson, J. L.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Application of selected methods of remote sensing for detecting carbonaceous water pollution

The use of aerial photography to determine the nature and extent of water pollution from carbonaceous materials is discussed. Flights were conducted over the Galveston Bay estuarine complex. Ground truth data were developed from field sampling of the waters in a region near the Houston Ship Channel. Tests conducted in the field were those for the following physical and chemical factors: (1) ph, (2) dissolved oxygen, (3) temperature, and (4) light penetration. Laboratory analyses to determine various properties of the water are described and the types of instruments used are identified. Results of the analyses are presented as charts and graphs.

Davis, E. M.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Application of remote sensing

Remote sensing and aerial photographic interpretation are discussed along with the specific imagery techniques used for this research. The method used to select sites, the results of data analyses for the Houston metropolitan area, and the location of dredging sites along the Houston Ship Channel are presented. The work proposed for the second year of the project is described.

Graff, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Flight service evaluation of PRD-49/epoxy composite panels in wide bodied commercial transport aircraft

L-1011 aircraft fairing panel configurations were selected as test parts to compare the fabrication, costs and service performance characteristics of PRD-49 and fiberglass. These parts are currently fiberglass reinforced structure and the purpose of this program is to evaluate the results of direct substitution of PRD-49 fabric for the fiberglass. Three ship sets of these panels have been fabricated for a five year flight service evaluation on three L-1011 commercial airlines operating in widely diverse route structures. The standard tools and machining techniques used for fiberglass parts are unacceptable for cutting, trimming, and drilling the tougher PRD-49 fibers. Therefore, a machining development study was undertaken to provide the necessary new tools and machining techniques. After incorporating these new developments in the fabrication and installation of the panels, a manufacturing cost study revealed that the labor hours were only increased by about 12.5 percent.

Wooley, J. H.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Task 1: Water Depth Management, 1388

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 MSS data taken on October 10, 1972, of the Little Bahama Bank are being used to demonstrate the use of ERTS-1 data for mapping of shallow water features for the purpose of upgrading world navigation charts. Marked reflectance differences occur for the shallow water areas in bands 4, 5, and 6. Digital processing of two adjacent data tapes within the ERTS-1 frame covering an area of about 40 by 40 miles has been completed. Correlation of depth measurements to 5 meters has been successful. A mathematical model for depth measurements using ratio of voltages in band 4 and 5 has been successfully developed and is being tested for accuracy. Additional studies for areas near Puerto Rico and in northern Lake Michigan will be undertaken. Satellite data will also provide geographical evidence for verifying existence or nonexistence of doubtful shoal waters now appearing on world charts and considered to be hazardous to shipping.

Polcyn, F. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

A wind tunnel flight correlation of Apollo 16 sonic boom

A correlation of sonic boom pressure signatures recorded during reentry of the Apollo 16 command module with wind-tunnel signatures extrapolated to flight distances was made for Mach numbers of 1.83 and 9.71. The flight pressure signatures were recorded by microphones located onboard ships positioned near the ground track, whereas the wind tunnel signatures were measured during a test of a 0.016-scale model of the command module. The agreement between estimates based on wind tunnel data and flight measurements was good at the tested Mach numbers.

Garcia, F., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Dynamics of suspended sediment plumes in Lake Ontario

The author has identified the following significant results. Owing to the normally heavy cloud cover over the lake during the winter, just one ERTS-1 frame was received during the report period. This imagery, obtained January 29, 1973 shows that the highly turbid waters from the Welland Canal and Port Dalhousie harbor commonly seen during the shipping season were not in evidence. Instead, only a broad band of slightly turbid waters extending about 2 to 3 miles into the lake is visible from just west of Port Dalhousie to the Niagara River outlet. A broad band of altocumulus clouds east of the Niagara River precluded study of nearly all of the New York shoreline.

Pluhowski, E. J.↗