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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,027 records · Page 57
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Scalable, biologically sourced depolymerizable polydienes with intrinsically weakened carbon–carbon bonds

Currently, there are few examples of circularly recyclable polymers with all-carbon backbones, probably owing to the challenge of using selective C–C bond cleavage to efficiently produce monomers in recycling processes. Furthermore, here we demonstrate a series of biologically sourced polymuconate polymers synthesized via simple free-radical polymerization that exhibit intrinsically weakened C–C bonds and controlled chemical recycling to monomers. Modifying the side chains and copolymerization ratios allows a wide range of mechanical property tuning, achieving performances comparable to those of commercial plastics such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and polybutadiene. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment for production at a scale of 100 kilotons per year show that the materials are currently slightly more expensive and environmentally intensive compared with conventional rubbers. However, use of recycled materials via depolymerization can greatly decrease the cost and environmental impacts of polymuconate production (for example, down to US$1.59 per kilogram) to outperform its commercial counterparts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Self-heating and failure in scalable graphene devices

Self-heating induced failure of graphene devices synthesized from both chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and epitaxial means is compared using a combination of infrared thermography and Raman imaging. Despite a larger thermal resistance, CVD devices dissipate >3x the amount of power before failure than their epitaxial counterparts. The discrepancy arises due to morphological irregularities implicit to the graphene synthesis method that induce localized heating. As a result, morphology, rather than thermal resistance, therefore dictates power handling limits in graphene devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Doping and electronic properties of GaAs grown by close-spaced vapor transport from powder sources for scalable III–V photovoltaics

We report the use of a simple close-spaced vapor transport technique for the growth of high-quality epitaxial GaAs films using potentially inexpensive GaAs powders as precursors. The free carrier type and density (10 16 to 10 19 cm –3 ) of the films were adjusted by addition of Te or Zn powder to the GaAs source powder. We show using photoelectrochemical and electron beam-induced current analyses that the minority carrier diffusion lengths of the n- and p-GaAs films reached ~3 μm and ~8 μm, respectively. Hall mobilities approach those achieved for GaAs grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition, 1000–4200 cm 2 V –1 s –1 for n-GaAs and 50–240 cm V –1 s –1 for p-GaAs depending on doping level. We conclude that the electronic quality of GaAs grown by close-spaced vapor transport is similar to that of GaAs made using conventional techniques and is thus sufficient for high-performance photovoltaic applications.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Scalable fabrication of efficient organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells with doctor-bladed active layers

Organolead trihalide perovskites (OTPs) are nature abundant materials with prospects as future low-cost renewable energy sources boosted by the solution process capability of these materials. Here we report the fabrication of efficient OTP devices by a simple, high throughput and low-cost doctor-blade coating process which can be compatible with the roll-to-roll fabrication process for the large scale production of perovskite solar cell panels. The formulation of appropriate precursor inks by removing impurities is shown to be critical in the formation of continuous, pin-hole free and phase-pure perovskite films on large area substrates, which is assisted by a high deposition temperature to guide the nucleation and grain growth process. The domain size reached 80–250 μm in 1.5–2 μm thick bladed films. By controlling the stoichiometry and thickness of the OTP films, highest device efficiencies of 12.8% and 15.1% are achieved in the devices fabricated on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and cross-linked N4,N4'-bis(4-(6-((3-ethyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)hexyl)phenyl)–N4,N4'-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine covered ITO substrates. Furthermore, the carrier diffusion length in doctor-bladed OTP films is beyond 3.5 μm which is significantly larger than in the spin-coated films, due to the formation of crystalline grains with a very large size by the doctor-blade coating method.

Deng, Yehao↗
DOE OSTI2018

Scalable slot-die coating of high performance perovskite solar cells

Perovskite based photovoltaic devices hold the promise to greatly reduce the cost of solar energy production; however, this potential depends greatly on the ability to deposit perovskite active layers using large scale deposition methods such as slot-die coating without sacrificing efficiency. Using a perovskite precursor ink with long wet-film processing window, we demonstrate efficient perovskite solar cells based on slot-die coated perovskite layer. We found almost no difference in the photophysical and structural details of perovskite films that were deposited by spin coating to films deposited by slot-die coating. Furthermore, we explored various slot-die coating parameters to determine their effect on the performance of the device metrics. In addition to slot-die coating, we demonstrate the versatility of this wide wet-film processing window by fabricating perovskite solar cells with active layers deposited by spin coating, blade coating, and spray coating that all exhibited similar performance.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Investigating dry room compatibility of sulfide solid-state electrolytes for scalable manufacturing

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are viewed as promising next-generation energy storage devices, due to their enhanced safety by replacing organic liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). The high ionic conductivity and low Young's modulus of sulfide SSEs make them suitable candidates for commercial ASSBs. Nevertheless, sulfide SSEs are generally reported to be unstable in ambient air. Moreover, instead of gloveboxes used for laboratory scale studies, large scale production of batteries is usually conducted in dry rooms. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the chemical evolution of a sulfide electrolyte, Li 6 PS 5 Cl (LPSCl), during air exposure and to evaluate its dry room compatibility. When LPSCl is exposed to ambient air, hydrolysis, hydration, and carbonate formation can occur. Moreover, hydrolysis can lead to irreversible sulfur loss and therefore LPSCl cannot be fully recovered in the subsequent heat treatment. During heat treatment, exposed LPSCl undergoes dehydration, decomposition of carbonate species, and reformation of the LPSCl phase. Lastly, LPSCl was found to exhibit good stability in a dry room environment and was subject to only minor conductivity loss due to carbonate formation. The dry room exposed LPSCl sample was tested in a LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 |LiIn half-cell, exhibiting no significant loss of electrochemical performance compared with the pristine LPSCl, proving it to be compatible with dry room manufacturing processes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Scalable and adaptable two-ligand co-solvent transfer methodology for gold bipyramids to organic solvents

Large and faceted nanoparticles, such as gold bipyramids, presently require synthesis using alkyl ammonium halide ligands in aqueous conditions to stabilize the structure, which impedes subsequent transfer and suspension of such nanoparticles in low polarity solvents despite success with few nanometer gold nanoparticles of shapes such as spheres. Phase transfer methodologies present a feasible avenue to maintain colloidal stability of suspensions and move high surface energy particles into organic solvent environments. Here, we present a method to yield stable suspensions of gold bipyramids in low-polarity solvents, including methanol, dimethylformamide, chloroform, and toluene, through the requisite combination of two capping agents and the presence of a co-solvent. By utilizing PEG-SH functionalization for stability, dodecanethiol (DDT) as the organic-soluble capping agent, and methanol to aid in the phase transfer, gold bipyramids with a wide-range of aspect ratios and sizes can be transferred between water and chloroform readily and maintain colloidal stability. Subsequent transfer to various organic and low-polarity solvents is then demonstrated for the first time.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Simple and Scalable Streaming: The GRETA Data Pipeline

The Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETA) is a state of the art gamma-ray spectrometer being built at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to be first sited at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University. A key design requirement for the spectrometer is to perform gamma-ray tracking in near real time. To meet this requirement we have used an inline, streaming approach to signal processing in the GRETA data acquisition system, using a GPU-equipped computing cluster. The data stream will reach 480 thousand events per second at an aggregate data rate of 4 gigabytes per second at full design capacity. We have been able to simplify the architecture of the streaming system greatly by interfacing the FPGA-based detector electronics with the computing cluster using standard network technology. A set of highperformance software components to implement queuing, flow control, event processing and event building have been developed, all in a streaming environment which matches detector performance. Prototypes of all high-performance components have been completed and meet design specifications.

Cromaz, Mario↗
DOE OSTI2014

Scalable synthesis of layer-controlled WS{sub 2} and MoS{sub 2} sheets by sulfurization of thin metal films

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as exciting 2D materials beyond graphene due to their promising applications in the field of electronics and optoelectronics. Hence, the ability to produce controllable and uniformly thick TMD sheets over a large area is of utmost important for large-scale applications. Here, a facile method of synthesizing large-area, layer-controlled WS{sub 2}, and MoS{sub 2} sheets by sulfurization of their corresponding thin metal films is reported. A metal film, which is deposited by magnetron sputtering method, can be adjusted to produce, with great control, the desired sheet thickness down to a monolayer. Various characterization techniques, such as Raman, photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy, were used to evaluate the grown films. The results confirmed some of the exotic properties of TMDs such as the thickness dependent band-gap transition (indirect to direct band gap) and Raman shift. Devices made directly on the as-grown film showed modest mobility, ranging from 0.005 to 0.01 cm{sup 2} V{sup −1}s{sup −1}. Our synthesis method is simple and could also be used to synthesize other TMDs.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗