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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,027 records · Page 57
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Remediation of Technetium in Vadose Zone Sediments Using Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Gases

The feasibility of applying a combination of H 2 S and NH 3 gases for Tc-99 remediation in vadose zone sediments evaluated in laboratory experiments showed a significant mobility decrease from 75 to 95% leachable Tc-99 in untreated sediments to 15 to 48% leachable Tc-99 after gas treatment. Individual H 2 S or NH 3 gas treatment of sediments had little lasting effect. For the combined gas treatment, the H 2 S gas created reducing conditions at the pore water/mineral interface that pertechnetate was temporarily reduced/precipitated. The NH 3 gas created alkaline pore water, which induces some mineral dissolution and subsequent aluminosilicate precipitation as the pH neutralizes, which may coat Tc-99 surface phases and render them less mobile. Surface phase analysis showed Tc-99 associated with weathered basalt clasts and sulfur, possibly from the precipitation of TcS x . Treatment performance was nearly the same at different Tc-99 concentration (34 to 6500 pCi/g), water content (1 to 8%), and gas injection rate, but was sensitive to gas concentrations. Low gas concentrations (< 3%) had insufficient reductant or slower mineral dissolution. High gas concentrations (>30%) formed NH 4 SH precipitate. The 15 - 23% mobile Tc-99 remaining after gas treatment may be caused by limited time for aluminosilicates to precipitate in experiments. Nitrogen species concentrations showed no nitrate or nitrite production and a significant decrease in the sediment microbial population over three months, suggesting nitrification of added ammonia was inhibited. Overall, this study showed that combined H 2 S and NH 3 gas treatment of low water content sediments was a robust technology to significantly decrease Tc-99 mobility.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Impacts of Marine Ecodynamics on the Dimethyl Sulfide(DMS) Production

Given the new explicit Phaeocystis representation, the DMS distribution shows significant improvements, especially regarding the amplitude and location of high latitude peaks. The production of DMS varies with climate. It is therefore necessary to couple the dynamics DMS module in climate projections.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Analysis Report documenting the Assessment of the Solubility of Lead, EDTA and other Organic Ligands in non-Sulfide systems performed under TP 08-02 and under TP 20-01

The objective of this report is to accept or reject the hypothesis that the experiments conducted under TP 08-02 Revision 0 (Ismail et al., 2008) were affected by CO 2 (g) intrusion and sample contamination. The test of the hypothesis is accomplished by comparing the experimental data collected under the protocols of TP 08-02 Revision O and TP 20-01 Revision O (Kirkes and Zhang, 2020). The protocols of TP 20-01 Revision 0 minimize the possibilities of CO 2 (g) intrusion and sample contamination. The experimental data sets obtained under both TPs will be assessed statistically to see if they are identical or not.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sulfide at WIPP

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Platte, Tim [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM)↗
DOE OSTI2016

How Clonal Is Clonal? Genome Plasticity across Multicellular Segments of a “Candidatus Marithrix sp.” Filament from Sulfidic, Briny Seafloor Sediments in the Gulf of Mexico

“Candidatus Marithrix” is a recently described lineage within the group of large sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoaceae, Gammaproteobacteria). This genus of bacteria comprises vacuolated, attached-living filaments that inhabit the sediment surface around vent and seep sites in the marine environment. A single filament is ca. 100 µm in diameter, several millimeters long, and consists of hundreds of clonal cells, which are considered highly polyploid. Based on these characteristics, “Candidatus Marithrix” was used as a model organism for the assessment of genomic plasticity along segments of a single filament using next generation sequencing to possibly identify hotspots of microevolution. Using six consecutive segments of a single filament sampled from a mud volcano in the Gulf of Mexico, we recovered ca. 90% of the “Candidatus Marithrix” genome in each segment. There was a high level of genome conservation along the filament with average nucleotide identities between 99.98 and 100%. Different approaches to assemble all reads into a complete consensus genome could not fill the gaps. Each of the six segment datasets encoded merely a few hundred unique nucleotides and 5 or less unique genes—the residual content was redundant in all datasets. Besides the overall high genomic identity, we identified a similar number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the clonal segments, which are comparable to numbers reported for other clonal organisms. An increase of SNPs with greater distance of filament segments was not observed. The polyploidy of the cells was apparent when analyzing the heterogeneity of reads within a segment. Here, a strong increase in single nucleotide variants, or “intrasegmental sequence heterogeneity” (ISH) events, was observed. These sites may represent hotspots for genome plasticity, and possibly microevolution, since two thirds of these variants were not co-localized across the genome copies of the multicellular filament.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Single Crystal Growth of Synthetic Sulfide- and Phosphide-Based Minerals for Physical Measurements

In this work, we review recent advances in the use of high-temperature solution growth that allow for the growth of single crystalline samples of synthetic minerals. We outline how low-melting binary or ternary solutions are attractive solvents for solution growth and provide examples of the growth of bismuthinite (Bi 2 S 3 ), galena (PbS) and parkerite (Ni 3 Bi 2 S 2 ). We then focus on the Rh-S, Pd-S and Ni-P phase spaces to discuss how the low-melting regions near transition metal-main group eutectic compositions make excellent solvents for crystal growth of several binary and ternary minerals containing both high melting and volatile elements as well as for the discovery of new materials. We end by discussing the growth of synthetic canfieldite (Ag 8 SnS 6 ) and argyrodite (Ag 8 GeS 6 ) from Ag 2 S–Sn-S-based solutions.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗