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At least 1,027 records · Page 57
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Spline-based Rayleigh-Ritz methods for the approximation of the natural modes of vibration for flexible beams with tip bodies

Rayleigh-Ritz methods for the approximation of the natural modes for a class of vibration problems involving flexible beams with tip bodies using subspaces of piecewise polynomial spline functions are developed. An abstract operator theoretic formulation of the eigenvalue problem is derived and spectral properties investigated. The existing theory for spline-based Rayleigh-Ritz methods applied to elliptic differential operators and the approximation properties of interpolatory splines are useed to argue convergence and establish rates of convergence. An example and numerical results are discussed.

Rosen, I. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Spline-based Rayleigh-Ritz methods for the approximation of the natural modes of vibration for flexible beams with tip bodies

Rayleigh-Ritz methods for the approximation of the natural modes for a class of vibration problems involving flexible beams with tip bodies using subspaces of piecewise polynomial spline functions are developed. An abstract operator-theoretic formulation of the eigenvalue problem is derived and spectral properties investigated. The existing theory for spline-based Rayleigh-Ritz methods applied to elliptic differential operators and the approximation properties of interpolatory splines are used to argue convergence and establish rates of convergence. An example and numerical results are discussed.

Rosen, I. G.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Asymmetric recombination and electron spin relaxation in the semiclassical theory of radical pair reactions

We describe how the semiclassical theory of radical pair recombination reactions recently introduced by two of us [D. E. Manolopoulos and P. J. Hore, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 124106 (2013)] can be generalised to allow for different singlet and triplet recombination rates. This is a non-trivial generalisation because when the recombination rates are different the recombination process is dynamically coupled to the coherent electron spin dynamics of the radical pair. Furthermore, because the recombination operator is a two-electron operator, it is no longer sufficient simply to consider the two electrons as classical vectors: one has to consider the complete set of 16 two-electron spin operators as independent classical variables. The resulting semiclassical theory is first validated by comparison with exact quantum mechanical results for a model radical pair containing 12 nuclear spins. It is then used to shed light on the spin dynamics of a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triad containing considerably more nuclear spins which has recently been used to establish a “proof of principle” for the operation of a chemical compass [K. Maeda, K. B. Henbest, F. Cintolesi, I. Kuprov, C. T. Rodgers, P. A. Liddell, D. Gust, C. R. Timmel, and P. J. Hore, Nature (London) 453, 387 (2008)]. We find in particular that the intriguing biphasic behaviour that has been observed in the effect of an Earth-strength magnetic field on the time-dependent survival probability of the photo-excited C{sup ·+}PF{sup ·−} radical pair arises from a delicate balance between its asymmetric recombination and the relaxation of the electron spin in the carotenoid radical.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Beyond AdS 2 /dCFT 1 : insertions in two Wilson loops

We consider two-point correlators of local operator insertions in a system of two Wilson-Maldacena loops in $\mathcal{N}$ = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on both sides of the AdS/CFT correspondence. On the holographic side the correlator of two Wilson-Maldacena loops is given by a classical string world-sheet which in one phase connects two asymptotically AdS 2 regions and in the other phase is given by two disconnected AdS 2 caps; this configuration breaks supersymmetry as well as conformal invariance. We present a complete systematic account of the string world-sheet fluctuations, including the fermionic sector, and study the behavior of the holographic two-point correlators. On the field theory side we compute certain two-point correlators of local operator insertions by resumming sets of ladder diagrams. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of previously developed methods in tackling this non-conformal, non-susy regime.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Oxidative Stability of Pt Supported on Nb-Doped TiO 2

Commercial fuel cell electrocatalyst degradation results from carbon electrocatalyst support oxidation at high operating potential transients. Guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Nb-doped TiO 2 (NTO) was synthesized, which exhibits a unique combination of high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and high porosity. Here, this catalyst retained 78 % of its initial electrochemically active surface area compared with 57.6 % retained by Pt/C following the DOE/FCCJ protocol for accelerated stability test. Strong metal–support interactions, which were predicted by DFT calculations and confirmed experimentally by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and kinetics measurements, resulted in 21 % higher oxygen reduction reaction mass activity (at 0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) on Pt/NTO compared with commercial Pt/C. The ex situ activity and durability of Pt/NTO translated to a fuel cell. The rise in electrode ohmic resistance and non-electrode concentration overpotential indicate that improving the conductivity of NTO and optimizing the catalyst ink formulation are critical next steps in the development of Pt/NTO-catalyzed proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Calabi-Yau CFTs and random matrices

Using numerical methods for finding Ricci-flat metrics, we explore the spectrum of local operators in two-dimensional conformal field theories defined by sigma models on Calabi-Yau targets at large volume. Focusing on the examples of K3 and the quintic, we show that the spectrum, averaged over a region in complex structure moduli space, possesses the same statistical properties as the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrix theory.

superstring vacua↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for same-charge top-quark pair production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for the production of top-quark pairs with the same electric charge ($tt$ or $\overline{tt}$) is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb −1 . Events with two same-charge leptons and at least two b-tagged jets are selected. Neural networks are employed to define two selections sensitive to additional couplings beyond the Standard Model that would enhance the production rate of same-sign top-quark pairs. No significant signal is observed, leading to an upper limit on the total production cross-section of same-sign top-quark pairs of 1.6 fb at 95% confidence level. Corresponding limits on the three Wilson coefficients associated with the $\mathcal{O}^{(1)}_{tu}$, $\mathcal{O}^{(1)}_{Qu}$, and $\mathcal{O}^{(8)}_{Qu}$ operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework are derived.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Constraints on standard model effective field theory for a Higgs boson produced in association with W or Z bosons in the H → $\textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}}$ decay channel in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) analysis with dimension-six operators probing nonresonant new physics effects is performed in the Higgs-strahlung process, where the Higgs boson is produced in association with a W or Z boson, in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The final states in which the W or Z boson decays leptonically and the Higgs boson decays to a pair of bottom quarks are considered. The analyzed data were collected by the CMS experiment between 2016 and 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . An approach designed to simultaneously optimize the sensitivity to Wilson coefficients of multiple SMEFT operators is employed. Likelihood scans as functions of the Wilson coefficients that carry SMEFT sensitivity in this final state are performed for different expansions in SMEFT. The results are consistent with the predictions of the standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Axion like particles and the inverse seesaw mechanism

Light pseudoscalars known as axion like particles (ALPs) may be behind physical phenomena like the Universe transparency to ultra-energetic photons, the soft -ray excess from the Coma cluster, and the 3.5 keV line. We explore the connection of these particles with the inverse seesaw (ISS) mechanism for neutrino mass generation. We propose a very restrictive setting where the scalar field hosting the ALP is also responsible for generating the ISS mass scales through its vacuum expectation value on gravity induced nonrenormalizable operators. A discrete gauge symmetry protects the theory from the appearance of overly strong gravitational effects and discrete anomaly cancellation imposes strong constraints on the order of the group. In conclusion, the anomalous U(1) symmetry leading to the ALP is an extended lepton number and the protective discrete symmetry can be always chosen as a subgroup of a combination of the lepton number and the baryon number.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Celestial gluon amplitudes from the outside in

We show that, given a two-dimensional realization of the celestial OPE in self-dual Yang-Mills, we can find a scalar source around which scattering amplitudes replicate correlation functions computed from the 2D ‘gluon’ operators in a limit where a dynamic massless scalar decouples. We derive conditions on the two-dimensional three-point correlation function so that such a source exists and give two particular examples of this construction, one in which gluons are constructed from vertex operators in the semiclassical limit of Liouville theory and another in which the soft gluons arise from generalized free fields. Finally, we identify a bulk dual to the level of the boundary Kac-Moody algebra and discuss moving beyond the decoupling limit.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Off-shell single-top-quark production in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

We present a fully differential and spin-dependent t-channel single-top-quark calculation at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD including off-shell effects by using the complex mass scheme in the Standard Model (SM) and in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We include all relevant SMEFT operators at 1/Λ$^{2}$ that contribute at NLO in QCD for a fully consistent comparison to the SM at NLO. In addition, we include chirality flipping operators that do not interfere with the SM amplitude and contribute only at 1/Λ$^{4}$ with a massless b-quark. Such higher order effects are usually captured by considering anomalous right-handed Wtb and left-handed Wtb tensor couplings. Despite their formal suppression in the SMEFT, they describe an important class of models for new physics. Our calculation and analysis framework is publicly available in MCFM.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

A conformal truncation framework for infinite-volume dynamics

Here, we present a new framework for studying conformal field theories deformed by one or more relevant operators. The original CFT is described in infinite volume using a basis of states with definite momentum, P , and conformal Casimir, C. The relevant deformation is then considered using lightcone quantization, with the resulting Hamiltonian expressed in terms of this CFT basis. Truncating to states with C ≤ C max , one can numerically find the resulting spectrum, as well as other dynamical quantities, such as spectral densities of operators. This method requires the introduction of an appropriate regulator, which can be chosen to preserve the conformal structure of the basis. We check this framework in three dimensions for various perturbative deformations of a free scalar CFT, and for the case of a free O(N) CFT deformed by a mass term and a non-perturbative quartic interaction at large- N . In all cases, the truncation scheme correctly reproduces known analytic results. As a result, we also discuss a general procedure for generating a basis of Casimir eigenstates for a free CFT in any number of dimensions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Higgs coupling measurements and the scale of new physics

A primary goal of present and future colliders is measuring the Higgs couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles. Any observed deviation from the SM predictions for these couplings is a sign of new physics whose energy scale can be bounded from above by requiring tree-level unitarity. In this paper, we extend previous work on unitarity bounds from the Higgs cubic coupling to Higgs couplings to vector bosons and top quarks. We find that HL-LHC measurements of these couplings compatible with current experimental bounds may point to a scale that can be explored at the HL-LHC or a next-generation collider. Our approach is completely model-independent: we assume only that there are no light degrees of freedom below the scale of new physics, and allow arbitrary values for the infinitely many couplings beyond the SM as long as they are in agreement with current measurements. We also extend and clarify the methodology of this analysis, and show that if the scale of new physics is above the TeV scale, then the deviations can be described by the leading higher-dimension gauge invariant operator, as in the SM effective field theory.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sterile neutrino dark matter within the ν SMEFT

Sterile neutrinos with masses at the keV scale and mixing to the active neutrinos offer an elegant explanation of the observed dark matter (DM) density. However, the very same mixing inevitably leads to radiative photon emission and the non-observation of such peaked X-ray lines rules out this minimal sterile neutrino DM hypothesis. We show that in the context of the Standard Model effective field theory with sterile neutrinos (νSMEFT), higher dimensional operators can produce sterile neutrino DM in a broad range of parameter space. In particular, νSMEFT interactions can open the large mixing parameter space due to their destructive interference, through operator mixing or matching, in the X-ray emission. We also find that, even in the zero mixing limit, the DM density can always be explained by νSMEFT operators. The testability of the studied νSMEFT operators in searches for electric dipole moments, neutrinoless double beta decay, and pion decay measurements is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bootstrapping the 3d Ising model at finite temperature

We estimate thermal one-point functions in the 3d Ising CFT using the operator product expansion (OPE) and the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition. Several operator dimensions and OPE coefficients of the theory are known from the numerical bootstrap for flat-space four-point functions. Taking this data as input, we use a thermal Lorentzian inversion formula to compute thermal one-point coefficients of the first few Regge trajectories in terms of a small number of unknown parameters. We approximately determine the unknown parameters by imposing the KMS condition on the two-point functions (σσ) and (ϵϵ). As a result, we estimate the one-point functions of the lowest-dimension $\mathbb{Z}_2$-even scalar ϵ and the stress energy tensor T μν . Our result for (σσ) at finite-temperature agrees with Monte-Carlo simulations within a few percent, inside the radius of convergence of the OPE.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Entanglement Cost for Infinite-Dimensional Physical Systems

We prove that the entanglement cost equals the regularized entanglement of formation for any infinite-dimensional quantum state ρ ΑΒ with finite quantum entropy on at least one of the subsystems A or B. This generalizes a foundational result in quantum information theory that was previously formulated only for operations and states on finite-dimensional systems. The extension to infinite-dimensional systems is nontrivial because the conventional tools for establishing both the direct and converse bounds, i.e., strong typicality, monotonicity, and asymptotic continuity, are no longer directly applicable. To address this problem, we construct a new entanglement dilution protocol for infinite-dimensional states implementable by local operations and a finite amount of one-way classical communication (one-way LOCC), using weak and strong typicality multiple times. We also prove the optimality of this protocol among all protocols, even under infinite-dimensional separable operations, by developing an argument based on alternative forms of monotonicity and asymptotic continuity of the entanglement of formation for infinite-dimensional states. Along the way, we derive a new integral representation for the quantum entropy of infinite-dimensional states, which we believe to be of independent interest. Our results allow us to fully characterize an important operational entanglement measure—the entanglement cost—for all infinite-dimensional physical systems.

Complexity↗
DOE OSTI2018

Projection-Based Correlated Wave Function in Density Functional Theory Embedding for Periodic Systems

In this report we present a level shift projection operator-based embedding method for systems with periodic boundary conditions—where the “active” subsystem can be described using either density functional theory (DFT) or correlated wave function (WF) methods and the “environment” is described using DFT. Our method allows for k-point sampling, is shown to be exactly equal to the canonical DFT solution of the full system under the limit that we use the full system basis to describe each subsystem, and can treat the active subsystem either with periodic boundary conditions—in what we term “periodic-in-periodic” embedding—or as a molecular cluster—in “cluster-in-periodic” embedding. We explore each of these methods and show that cluster WF-in-periodic DFT embedding can accurately calculate the absorption energy of CO on to a Si(100)-2×1 surface.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Theoretical uncertainties in the nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double beta decay: The transition operator

We explore the theoretical uncertainties related to the transition operator of neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay. The transition operator used in standard calculations is a product of one-body currents, that can be obtained phenomenologically as in Tomoda [1] or Šimkovic et al. [2]. However, corrections to the operator are hard to obtain in the phenomenological approach. Instead, we calculate the 0νββ decay operator in the framework of chiral effective theory (EFT), which gives a systematic order-by-order expansion of the transition currents. At leading orders in chiral EFT we reproduce the standard one-body currents of Refs. [1] and [2]. Corrections appear as two-body (2b) currents predicted by chiral EFT. We compute the effects of the leading 2b currents to the nuclear matrix elements of 0νββ decay for several transition candidates. The 2b current contributions are related to the quenching of Gamow-Teller transitions found in nuclear structure calculations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗