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At least 1,027 records · Page 57
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1990

Source parameters of earthquakes and intraplate deformation beneath the Shillong Plateau and the northern Indoburman ranges

The fault-plane solutions and focal depths are determined for 17 earthquakes beneath the Shillong Plateau and the northern Indoburman ranges by combining results from the inversion of long-period P and SH waveforms and amplitudes, from polarities of first motions, and from the identification of pP and sP phases on short-period seismograms. Fault-plane solutions of 15 earthquakes show mixtures of thrust and strike-slip faulting, but the P axes for these events are nearly horizontal and consistently oriented N-NE-S-SW. All of these earthquakes occurred at depths greater than 29 km. Beneath the Shillong Plateau, one event occurred at a depth of 52 km. The relatively large depths for earthquakes in an intraplate setting suggest that the Indian lithosphere in this area is especially cold.

Chen, Wang-Ping↗
NASA NTRS1990

An atmospheric analysis of the carbon-rich white dwarf G35 - 26

The first detailed atmospheric analysis of the DQ white dwarf G35 - 26 is presented. The analysis is based on published spectra and on helium-rich, homogeneous, blanketed LTE models containing carbon, hydrogen, and small amounts of N, O, and Ca, and on the assumption that G35 - 26 is a single star. The observed spectra are fitted against the model spectra, and T(eff), log(g), and abundances of H, He, C are determined along with upper limits on N, O, and Ca. The mass and zero temperature Hamada-Salpeter (ZTHS) radius, distance, parallax, and tangential velocity are derived. The mass, 1.2-1.33 solar, is the highest yet observed for a single white dwarf if the star is on the ZTHS relation. O + Ne + Mg white dwarf in this mass range are predicted by theory and G35 - 26 may be the first such object discovered. Given an ZTHS radius, the distance is between 33 and 69 pc.

Thejll, Peter↗
NASA NTRS1990

Deep narrow band imagery of the diffuse ISM in M33

Very deep narrow band images were obtained for several fields in the local group spiral galaxy M33 using a wide field reimaging Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera on the 1.5 m telescope at Palomar Observatory. The reimaging system uses a 306 mm collimator and a 58 mm camera lens to put a 16 minute by 16 minute field onto a Texas Instruments 800 x 800 pixel CCD at a resolution of 1.2 arcseconds pixel (-1). The overall system is f/1.65. Images were obtained in the light of H alpha (S II) lambda lambda 6717, 6731, (O III) lambda 5007, and line-free continuum bands 100A wide, centered at 6450A and 5100A. Assuming a distance of 600 kpc to M33 (Humphreys 1980, Ap. J., 241, 587), this corresponds to a linear scale of 3.5 pc pixel (-1), and a field size of 2.8 kpc x 2.8 kpc. Researchers discuss the H alpha imagery of a field centered approx. equal to 8 minutes NE of the nucleus, including the supergiant HII region complex NGC 604. Two 2000 second H alpha images and two 300 second red continuum images were obtained of two slightly offset fields. The fields were offset to allow for discrimination between real emission and possible artifacts in the images. All images were resampled to align them with one of the H alpha frames. The continuum images were normalized to the line images using the results of aperture photometry on a grid of stars in the field, then the rescaled continuum data were directly subtracted from the line data.

Hester, J. Jeff↗
NASA NTRS1989

The 100 and 160 micron maps of the dust reemission from the nucleus and inner-arm regions of NGC 6946

Dust reemission from the Scd galaxy NGC 6946 has been measured at 100 and 160 microns with the 32-channel University of Chicago Far-Infrared Camera. Researchers present fully sampled maps of the nucleus and inner spiral arms at 45 seconds resolution. The far-infrared morphology of the galaxy is a bright peak centered on a diffuse disk, where the peak occurs about 24 seconds NE of the Dressel and Condon optical center. The 100/160 micron color temperature is correlated with the H alpha surface brightness. Assuming the distance from Earth to the galaxy is 10.1 Mpc, researchers determine that Tc is 32 K at the nucleus and at radius 5.4 kpc, where there is a concentration of H II regions. In the intermediate annulus of relatively low H alpha surface brightness, the temperature drops to a local minimum of 25 K at radius 3 kpc. The ratio of reradiated to transmitted stellar luminosity is approx. 3.0 at the nucleus and approx. 0.9 for the disk. The optical depth at 100 micron increases from .0005 at the edges of our map to .0035 at the far infrared radiation (FIR) peak. Combining our observations with a fully sampled map of similar spatial extent in CO(1 greater than 0), researchers determine that the ratio F sub IR/I sub CO at the center of the galaxy is almost twice that for the disk, where the value is more or less constant.

Engargiola, Gregory↗
NASA NTRS1990

Nova LMC 1990 no. 1: The first extragalactic neon nova

International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observations of nova LMC (Large Magellanic Cloud) 1990 No. 1, the first neon (or ONeMg) nova observed outside the Galaxy are presented. The observations were obtained from 17 Jan. to Mar. 1990, with especially dense coverage during the first 25 days of the outburst. (The neon nova categorization is based on the detection of forbidden Ne 3-4 lines in optical spectra; the ultraviolet neon lines were not detected.) During the first 30 days of the outburst, the radiative losses were dominated by the N 5 delta 1240 and C 4 delta 1550 lines. The maximum ejection velocity was approximately 8000 km/s, based on the blue absorption edge of the C 4 P-Cygni profile. Early in the outburst of Nova LMC 1990 No. 1 the UV luminosity alone was approximately 3 times 10 to the 38th power erg/sec, implying that the bolometric luminosity was well in excess of the Eddington luminosity for a one solar mass object.

Sonneborn, George↗
NASA NTRS1991

Laser Doppler velocimetry for continuous flow solar-pumped iodine laser system

A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system was employed to measure the flow velocity profile of iodide vapor inside laser tubes of 36 mm ID and 20 mm ID. The LDV, which was operated in the forward scatter mode used a low power (15 mW) He-Ne laser beam. Velocity ranges from 1 m/s was measured to within one percent accuracy. The flow velocity profile across the laser tube was measured and the intensity of turbulence was determined. The flow of iodide inside the laser tube demonstrated a mixture of both turbulence and laminar flow. The flowmeter used for the laser system previously was calibrated with the LDV and found to be in good agreement.

Tabibi, Bagher M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

LN2 spray droplet size measurement via ensemble diffraction technique

The size of subcooled liquified nitrogen droplets are measured with a 5 mW He-Ne laser as a function of pressure difference (delta P) across flat spray and full cone pressure atomizing nozzles. For delta P's of 3 to 30 psid, the spray sauter mean diameter (SMD) ranged between 250 to 50 microns. The pressure range tested is representative of those expected during cryogenic fluid transfer operations in space. The droplet sizes from the flat spray nozzles were greater than those from the full cone nozzle. A power function of the form, SMD varies as delta P(exp a), describes the spray SMD as a function of the delta P very well. The values of a were -0.36 for the flat spray and -0.87 for the full cone. The reduced dependence of the flat spray SMD on the delta P was probably because of: (1) the absence of a swirler that generates turbulence within the nozzle to enhance atomization, and (2) a possible increase in shearing stress resulting from the delayed atomization due to the absence of turbulence. The nitrogen quality, up to 1.5 percent is based on isenthalpic expansion, did not have a distinct and measurable effect on the spray SMD. Both bimodal and monomodal droplet size population distributions were measured. In the bimodal distribution, the frequency of the first mode was much greater than the frequency of the second mode. Also, the frequency of the second mode was low enough such that a monomodal approximation probably would give reasonable results.

Saiyed, N. H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Airborne water vapor DIAL system and measurements of water and aerosol profiles

The Lidar Applications Group at NASA Langley Research Center has developed a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system for the remote measurement of atmospheric water vapor (H2O) and aerosols from an aircraft. The airborne H2O DIAL system is designed for extended flights to perform mesoscale investigations of H2O and aerosol distributions. This DIAL system utilizes a Nd:YAG-laser-pumped dye laser as the off-line transmitter and a narrowband, tunable Alexandrite laser as the on-line transmitter. The dye laser has an oscillator/amplifier configuration which incorporates a grating and prism in the oscillator cavity to narrow the output linewidth to approximately 15 pm. This linewidth can be maintained over the wavelength range of 725 to 730 nm, and it is sufficiently narrow to satisfy the off-line spectral requirements. In the Alexandrite laser, three intracavity tuning elements combine to produce an output linewidth of 1.1 pm. These spectral devices include a five-plate birefringent tuner, a 1-mm thick solid etalon and a 1-cm air-spaced etalon. A wavelength stability of +/- 0.35 pm is achieved by active feedback control of the two Fabry-Perot etalons using a frequency stabilized He-Ne laser as a wavelength reference. The three tuning elements can be synchronously scanned over a 150 pm range with microprocessor-based scanning electronics. Other aspects of the DIAL system are discussed.

Higdon, Noah S.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Abundance anomalies of carbon and nitrogen in the IUE spectra of Algol-type interacting binaries

There are two primary ways in which the products of nucleosynthesis in stellar interiors may appear at the surface of a star. These are mixing and/or loss of the original unburned stellar envelope. In interacting binaries, overflow can contribute dramatically to envelope loss. The simplest abundance anomalies to be expected from nuclear burning of hydrogen, helium, or carbon would be under or over abundances H, He, C, O, Ne, and Mg. In addition, it is expected that carbon is initially severely depleted, while nitrogen is enhanced during hydrogen burning via the CNO cycle in stars above two solar masses. Other, more subtle anomalies are also expected, and elements heavier than magnesium can be created during very late evolution by nuclear burning in massive stars. Consequently, it is expected that abundance anomalies of various kinds should occur in interacting binaries where one or both stars have lost significant amounts of mass.

Mccluskey, Carolina P. S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

HUT observations of carbon monoxide in the coma of Comet Levy (1990c)

Observations of comet Levy (1990c) were made with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope during the Astro-1 Space Shuttle mission on 10 Dec. 1990. The spectrum, covering the wavelength range 415 to 1850 A at a spectral emission of 3 A (in first order), shows the presence of carbon monoxide and atomic hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur in the coma. Aside from H I Lyman-beta, no cometary features are detected below 1200 A, although cometary O I and O II would be masked by the same emissions present in the day airglow spectrum. The 9.4 x 116 arcsec aperture corresponds to 12,000 x 148,000 km at the comet. The derived production rate of CO relative to water, 0.13 + or - 0.02, compared with the same ratio derived from IUE observations (made in Sep. 1990) which sample a much smaller region of the coma, 0.04 + or - 0.01, suggests the presence of an extended source of CO, as was found in comet Halley. Upper limits on Ne and Ar abundance are within an order of magnitude or solar abundances.

Feldman, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1989

GRO source candidates: (A) Nearby modest-size molecular clouds; (B) Pulsar with Wolf-Rayet companion that has lost its H-envelope

Within 100 pc of the sun there are over a hundred cirrus clouds with masses of approx. 60 solar mass and dense molecular clouds with masses of approx. 4 solar mass. If the local interstellar density of cosmic rays is also present in these clouds, the flux of neutral pion from the decay of gamma rays from the core of a cloud at a distance of 20 pc is approx. 13 x 10(exp -8) photons/sq cm/s. The flux from the more extensive cirrus cloud is approx 4 x 10(exp -7) photons/sq cm/s. A relativistic beam of particles generated by a compact stellar object and incident upon a large, close companion can be a strong gamma ray line source if more of the beam energy is used in interactions with C and O and heavier nuclei and less with H and He. This would be the case if the companion has lost its hydrogen envelope and nucleosynthesized much of its He into C, O, and Ne. Such objects are Wolf-Rayet stars and it is believed that some Wolf-Rayet stars do, in fact, have compact companions. For a beam of protons of 10(exp 37) erg/s, the flux at 1 kpc of the 4.4 MeV C-12 line could be as high as 5 x 10(exp -6) photons/sq cm/s. The fluxes of the deexcitation lines from the spallation products of O-16 are also presented.

Silberberg, R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Iron K-shell emission from NGC 1068

The X-ray iron line emission from NGC 1068 is modeled using the new multiline, multilevel, non-LTE radiative transport code Altair and a detailed atomic model for Ne-like through-stripped iron. The X-rays passing through the ionized gas induce iron K-alpha line emission. The atomic model was constructed to describe in detail the K-shell ionization and K-alpha line emission, as well as to calculate the ionization state properly. A greater equivalent width than previously predicted is found because the observed K-alpha line is produced not only by fluorescence but also by line scattering of the continuum into the line of sight. The K-alpha equivalent width and energy are functions not only of the ionization parameter, but also of the column depth and temperature. For a likely model of NGC 1068, it is found that the iron abundance is about twice solar, but that modifications of this model may permit a smaller abundance.

Band, David L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Determining experimentally induced variation in coniferous canopy chemistry with Airborne Imaging Spectrometer data

Experimental treatments in a Douglas-fir forest in NE New Mexico were carried out to determine whether differences in forest canopy chemistry could be detected using data from the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS-2). Experimental treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer additions, sawdust additions, and control plots. After AIS-2 data were collected, the digital number of a given pixel was extracted from each channel, yielding 128 values that were used to form a spectrum. Four spectra were extracted from each treatment plot. Multiple stepwise linear regressions between first and second difference transformations of AIS-2 spectra and the canopy characteristics of biomass, nitrogen concentration, and nitrogen content were performed. The results showed a coefficient of multiple determination of 0.71 between first-difference AIS-2 spectra and measured nitrogen concentration in foliage, indicating that it may be possible to predict nitrogen concentration in Douglas fir using AIS-2 spectra.

Swanberg, N. A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Far-infrared lines from G45.13 + 0.14 A and K3-50 A - Density fluctuations in compact H II regions

Properties of two compact H II regions, K3-50 A and G45.13 + 0.14 A, were investigated by measuring FIR fluxes from forbidden O III 51.8 and 88.4 micron lines, forbidden N III 57.3 micron line, forbidden S III 33.5 micron line, and forbidden Ne III 36.0 micron line of these regions, using a cooled grating spectrometer on NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory. For both H II regions, the ratio of the two FIR O(2+) lines indicates an electron density of about 1000/cu cm, which for K3-50 A is a factor of 10 to 100 lower than the density determined from optical line observations of the lower excitation species S(+) and N(+) and than the peak rms density deduced from radio continuum measurements by Turner and Matthews (1984). Detailed spherically symmetric models of the two sources were constructed using all available measurements.

Colgan, Sean W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Conditions for accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs

Recent discovery of an unexpectedly large number of low-mass binary pulsars (LMBPs) in globular clusters has instigated active discussions on the evolutionary origin of binary pulsars. Prompted by the possibility that at least some of LMBPs originate from accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of white dwarfs, a reexamination is conducted as to whether or not AIC occurs for the new models of O + Ne + Mg white dwarfs and solid C + O white dwarfs that can ignite explosive nuclear burning at significantly lower central densities than in the previous models. Even with low critical densities, AIC is still much more likely than explosion for both types of white dwarfs. Possible regions for AIC are presented in a diagram of mass accretion rate vs initial mass of the white dwarfs.

Nomoto, Ken'ichi↗
NASA NTRS1990

Cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26, and He-3 in olivine from Maui lavas

This paper reports the presence of cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 in olivines from the Maui Haleakala basalts in which cosmogenic He-3 and Ne-21 were discovered. Based on production-rate calibrations in quartz crystals from late Pleistocene granite exposures in the Sierra Nevada, the Haleakala crater erosion rates derived from Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations agree within 10 percent and give a mean rate of 12 m/Myr, about 40 percent greater than the rate of 8.5 m/Myr previously derived from He-3 measurements. These results establish the feasibility of the simultaneous use of radioactive and stable cosmogenic nuclides for studies of exposure-ages and erosion-rates in basaltic and andesitic terrains.

Nishiizumi, K.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Non-Maxwellian electron distributions in models of the solar atmosphere

In this paper, the solar models of Fontenla et al. (1990) are extended to coronal temperatures using optically thin radiative losses and a semicircular loop geometry. The effects of a non-Maxwellian high-energy tail of the electron distribution function is tested by performing a Fokker-Planck calculation of the tail. The results show that the downward conductive heat flux is very clsoe to that given by Braginskii (1965) for small departures from a Maxwellian distribution. The effects of the high-energy tail of the electron distribution on element ionization are computed and found to be negligible for all ionization states of O, Ne, and Si. It is concluded that, for quiet sun loop models in stationary energy balance, the ionization state of all elements is not significantly affected by the non-Maxwellian tail of the electron velocity distribution, and that the heat flux can be computed by considering only small first-order departures from the Maxwellian distribution.

Macneice, P.↗
NASA NTRS1991

NGC 1068 - Resolution of nuclear structure in the optical continuum

The HST Planetary Camera has been used to obtain an optical continuum image of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. The image reveals a bright nucleus embedded in an irregular cloudlike structure which is well-differentiated against the background of the galaxy. The nucleus is resolved, with an FWHM of about 0.15 arcsec, or 11 pc. There is no evidence for any unresolved nuclear component. The precise geometry of the scattering region cannot yet be inferred. The cloud surrounding the nucleus is elongated in the NE-SSW direction and has extreme dimensions of 3.5 arcsec x 1.7 arcsec. The brightness centroid is situated 0.4 arcsec SW of the nucleus. It is concluded that the light from the cloud is contributed largely by stars, but that the appearance of the cloud is distinctly dissimilar to what is expected from young or old stellar systems and bears to simple relationship to the numerous features that have heretofore been resolved at other wavelengths.

Lynds, Roger↗