A new sequential homogeneous pixel selection algorithm for distributed scatterer InSAR
Not Available
Chen, Bingqian↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Homogenization”
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Correlations of multiscale structural evolution and homogeneous flows in metallic glass ribbons
Studying the flow behavior is critical to understand the deformation mechanism of amorphous solids. However, detecting the basic flow events in amorphous solids is challenging. Here, by simultaneous SAXS/WAXS, elementary flow carriers in wound metallic glasses are identified from flow-induced structural heterogeneities with a radius of gyration of 2.5~3.5 nm. Their size increases and morphology changes from sphere-like to rod-like under flow. Moreover, the atomic structure exhibits an unusual change to a more disordered state during winding/annealing at the temperature of ~0.8 T g . This work provides an atomic-to-nanoscale description of the flow carriers of amorphous solids during deformation. Impact Statement The elementary flow carriers in metallic glasses have a radius of gyration of 2.5~3.5 nm. During flow, their size increases and morphology changes from sphere-like to rod-like.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
THE HOMOGENEOUS PROPERTIES OF H{alpha}-SELECTED GALAXIES AT (0.05 < z < 0.15)
We show that the H{alpha} line (6563 A) alone is an extremely effective criterion for identifying galaxies that are uniform in color (red), luminosity-weighted age (old), and morphology (bulge-dominated). By combining the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Data Release 6) with the New York University Value-Added Galaxy Catalog, we have photometric and spectroscopic indices for over 180,000 galaxies at (0.05 < z < 0.15). We separate the galaxies into three samples: (1) galaxies with H{alpha} equivalent width, EW <0 A (i.e., no emission), (2) galaxies with morphological Sersic index n > 2 (bulge-dominated), and (3) galaxies with n > 2 that are also red in (g' - r'). We find that the H{alpha}-selected galaxies consistently have the smallest color scatter: for example, at z {approx} 0.05 the intrinsic scatter in apparent (g' - r') for the H{alpha} sample is only 0.0287 {+-} 0.0007 compared to 0.0682 {+-} 0.0014 for the Sersic sample. Applying a color cut to the n > 2 sample does decrease the color scatter to 0.0313 {+-} 0.0007, but a measurable fraction of star-forming and/or active galactic nucleus galaxies (up to 9.3%) remain. All of the EW(H{alpha}) <0 A galaxies have n > 2, i.e., they are bulge-dominated systems. The spectra for the three samples confirm that the H{alpha}-selected galaxies have the highest D4000 values and are, on average, nearly twice as old as the Sersic-selected samples. With the advent of multi-object near-infrared spectrographs, H{alpha} alone can be used to reliably isolate truly quiescent galaxies dominated by evolved stellar populations at any epoch from z {approx} 0 up to z {approx} 2.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
IN-SYNC I: Homogeneous stellar parameters from high-resolution apogee spectra for thousands of pre-main sequence stars
Over two years, 8859 high-resolution H-band spectra of 3493 young (1-10 Myr) stars were gathered by the multi-object spectrograph of the APOGEE project as part of the IN-SYNC ancillary program of the SDSS-III survey. Here we present the forward modeling approach used to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, radial velocities, rotational velocities, and H-band veiling from these near-infrared spectra. We discuss in detail the statistical and systematic uncertainties in these stellar parameters. In addition, we present accurate extinctions by measuring the E(J – H) of these young stars with respect to the single-star photometric locus in the Pleiades. Finally, we identify an intrinsic stellar radius spread of about 25% for late-type stars in IC 348 using three (nearly) independent measures of stellar radius, namely, the extinction-corrected J-band magnitude, the surface gravity, and the Rsin i from the rotational velocities and literature rotation periods. We exclude that this spread is caused by uncertainties in the stellar parameters by showing that the three estimators of stellar radius are correlated, so that brighter stars tend to have lower surface gravities and larger Rsin i than fainter stars at the same effective temperature. Tables providing the spectral and photometric parameters for the Pleiades and IC 348 have been provided online.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Tidal dissipation in a homogeneous spherical body. I. Methods
A formula for the tidal dissipation rate in a spherical body is derived from first principles to correct some mathematical inaccuracies found in the literature. The development is combined with the Darwin-Kaula formalism for tides. Our intermediate results are compared with those by Zschau and Platzman. When restricted to the special case of an incompressible spherical planet spinning synchronously without libration, our final formula can be compared with the commonly used expression from Peale and Cassen. However, the two turn out to differ, as in our expression the contributions from all Fourier modes are positive-definite, which is not the case with the formula from Peale and Cassen. Examples of the application of our expression for the tidal damping rate are provided in the work by Makarov and Efroimsky (Paper II) published back to back with the current paper.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Is the cosmic transparency spatially homogeneous?
We study the constraints on the cosmic opacity using the latest BAO and Union2 SNIa data in this paper and find that the best fit values seem to indicate that an opaque universe is preferred in redshift regions 0.20-0.35, 0.35-0.44 and 0.60-0.73, whereas, a transparent universe is favored in redshift regions 0.106-0.20, 0.44-0.57 and 0.57-0.60. However, our result is still consistent with a transparent universe at the 1σ confidence level, even though the best-fit cosmic opacity oscillates between zero and some nonzero values as the redshift varies.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Noether symmetries of some homogeneous universe models in curvature corrected scalar-tensor gravity
We explore Noether gauge symmetries of FRW and Bianchi I universe models for perfect fluid in scalar-tensor gravity with extra term R{sup −1} as curvature correction. Noether symmetry approach can be used to fix the form of coupling function ω(φ) and the field potential V(φ). It is shown that for both models, the Noether symmetries, the gauge function as well as the conserved quantity, i.e., the integral of motion exist for the respective point like Lagrangians. We determine the form of coupling function as well as the field potential in each case. Finally, we investigate solutions through scaling or dilatational symmetries for Bianchi I universe model without curvature correction and discuss its cosmological implications.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
The Raychaudhuri equation in homogeneous cosmologies
In this work we address the issue of studying the conditions required to guarantee the Focusing Theorem for both null and timelike geodesic congruences by using the Raychaudhuri equation. In particular we study the case of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker as well as more general Bianchi Type I spacetimes. The fulfillment of the Focusing Theorem is mandatory in small scales since it accounts for the attractive character of gravity. However, the Focusing Theorem is not satisfied at cosmological scales due to the measured negative deceleration parameter. The study of the conditions needed for congruences convergence is not only relevant at the fundamental level but also to derive the viability conditions to be imposed on extended theories of gravity describing the different expansion regimes of the universe. We illustrate this idea for f(R) gravity theories.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Probing homogeneity with standard candles
We show that standard candles can provide some valuable information about the density contrast, which could be particularly important at redshifts where other observations are not available. We use an inversion method to reconstruct the local radial density profile from luminosity distance observations assuming background cosmological parameters obtained from large scale observations. Using type Ia Supernovae, Cepheids and the cosmological parameters from the Planck mission we reconstruct the radial density profiles along two different directions of the sky. We compare these profiles to other density maps obtained from luminosity density, in particular Keenan et al. 2013 and the 2M++ galaxy catalogue. The method independently confirms the existence of inhomogeneities, could be particularly useful to correctly normalize density maps from galaxy surveys with respect to the average density of the Universe, and could clarify the apparent discrepancy between local and large scale estimations of the Hubble constant. When better observational supernovae data will be available, the accuracy of the reconstructed density profiles will improve and will allow to further investigate the existence of structures whose size is beyond the reach of galaxy surveys.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
3-D Simulations of earthquakes rupture jumps: 1. Homogeneous pre-stress conditions
SUMMARY Observational and modelling studies indicate that earthquake ruptures can jump between fault sections as large as ∼3 and ∼5 km for compressional and extensional offsets, respectively. Here, we compare characteristics of the rupture jump process on parallel but offset fault sections from traditional 3-D dynamic rupture simulations governed by slip weakening friction using the finite element code, FaultMod, to those from quasi-dynamic simulations governed by rate- and state-dependent friction (rate-state friction) using the code RSQSim. These simulations use spatially uniform initial stresses. For a variety of measures the rupture renucleation position on the offset fault, the rate-state friction and slip weakening friction models produce very similar results. The principal difference is the additional occurrence of delayed rupture jumps that arise from the time- and stress-dependent nucleation that is characteristic of rate-state friction. For immediate rupture jumps, models with slip weakening friction span greater offsets than those with rate-state friction. However the jump distances are nearly identical when delayed rupture jumps are included in the comparisons. We propose that delayed rupture jumps are the likely mechanism for adjacent large-earthquake pairs and clusters. Based on the similarity of renucleation positions with both dynamic and quasi-dynamic models, we conclude that the renucleation positions for rupture initiation on the receiver fault (separated by less than ∼3 km from the source fault) are primarily controlled by static stress changes induced by slip on the initiating fault. However, in light of the slightly greater maximum jump distances (>3 km) seen with the dynamic slip weakening friction model, dynamic stress changes from seismic waves play an increasingly important role as offset distances increase.
, RSQSim↗
The gMOSS: the galaxy survey and galaxy populations of the large homogeneous field
ABSTRACT We present the gMOSS (Galaxies of Medium-band One-meter Schmidt telescope Survey) catalogue of ∼19 000 galaxies in 20 filters (4 broad-band SDSS and 16 medium-band filters). We observed 2.386 deg2 on the central part of the HS47.5-22 field with the 1-m Schmidt telescope of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory. The gMOSS is a complete flux-limited sample of galaxies with a threshold magnitude of r SDSS ≤ 22.5 AB. From photometric measurements with 16 medium-band filters and u SDSS, we get spectral energy distributions for each object in the field, which are used for further analysis. Galaxy classification and photometric redshift estimation based on spectral template matching with zebra software. The obtained redshift accuracy is σNMAD < 0.0043. Using the SED-fitting cigale code, we obtained the main properties of the stellar population of galaxies, such as rest-frame (u − r)res colour, stellar mass, extinction, and mass-weighted age with a precision of 0.16 ± 0.07 mag, 0.14 ± 0.04 dex, 0.27 ± 0.1 mag, and 0.08 ± 0.04 dex, respectively. Using a dust-corrected colour–mass diagram, we divided the full sample into populations of red and blue galaxies and considered the dependencies between stellar mass and age. Throughout cosmic time, red sequence galaxies remain older and more massive than blue cloud galaxies. The star formation history of a complete subsample of galaxies selected in the redshift range 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.015 with <$\mathrm{log} M \mathrm{\gt }_\mathrm{[M_\odot ]}$>8.3 shows an increase in the SFRD up to z ∼ 3, under the results obtained in earlier studies.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Chandra measurements of gas homogeneity and turbulence at intermediate radii in the Perseus Cluster
ABSTRACT We present a Chandra study of surface brightness fluctuations in the diffuse intracluster medium of the Perseus Cluster. Our study utilizes deep, archival imaging of the cluster core as well as a new mosaic of 29 short $\, 5\,$-ks observations extending in eight different directions out to radii of $r_{500} \sim 2.2\, r_{2500}$. Under the assumption that the distribution of densities at a given radius is log-normally distributed, two important quantities can be derived from the width of the log-normal density distribution on a given spatial scale: the density bias, that is equal to the square root of the clumping factor C; and the one-component turbulent velocity, vk,1D. We forward-model all contributions to the measured surface brightness, including astrophysical and particle background components, and account for the Poisson nature of the measured signal. Measuring the distribution of surface brightness fluctuations in 1 arcmin2 regions, spanning the radial range $0.3\rm {-}2.2\, r_{2500}$ ($7.8\rm {-}57.3\,$ arcmin), we find a small to moderate average density bias of around $3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at radii below $1.6\, r_{2500}$. We also infer an average turbulent velocity at these radii of V1D < 400 km s−1. Direct confirmation of our results on turbulent velocities inferred from surface brightness fluctuations should be possible using the X-ray calorimeter spectrometers to be flown aboard the XRISM and Athena observatories.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Milky Way analogues in MaNGA: multiparameter homogeneity and comparison to the Milky Way
ABSTRACT The Milky Way provides an ideal laboratory to test our understanding of galaxy evolution, owing to our ability to observe our Galaxy over fine scales. However, connecting the Galaxy to the wider galaxy population remains difficult, due to the challenges posed by our internal perspective and to the different observational techniques employed. Here, we present a sample of galaxies identified as Milky Way analogues on the basis of their stellar masses and bulge-to-total ratios, observed as part of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey. We analyse the galaxies in terms of their stellar kinematics and populations as well as their ionized gas contents. We find our sample to contain generally young stellar populations in their outskirts. However, we find a wide range of stellar ages in their central regions, and we detect central active galactic nucleus-like or composite-like activity in roughly half of the sample galaxies, with the other half consisting of galaxies with central star-forming emission or emission consistent with old stars. We measure gradients in gas metallicity and stellar metallicity that are generally flatter in physical units than those measured for the Milky Way; however, we find far better agreement with the Milky Way when scaling gradients by galaxies’ disc scale lengths. From this, we argue much of the discrepancy in metallicity gradients to be due to the relative compactness of the Milky Way, with differences in observing perspective also likely to be a factor.
Boardman, N.↗
Asymmetry of the atomic-level stress tensor in homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials
Not provided.
Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
Homogeneous reduced moment in a gapful scalar chiral kagome antiferromagnet
We present a quantitative experimental investigation of the scalar chiral magnetic order with in Nd 3 Sb 3 Mg 2 O 14 . Static magnetization reveals a net ferromagnetic ground state, and inelastic neutron scattering from the hyperfine coupled nuclear spin reveals a local ordered moment of 1.76(6) μB, just 61(2)% of the saturated moment size. The experiments exclude static disorder as the source of the reduced moment. A 38(1)μeV gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum inferred from heat capacity rules out thermal fluctuations and suggests a multipolar explanation for the moment reduction. Furthermore, we compare Nd 3 Sb 3 Mg 2 O 14 to Nd pyrochlores and show that Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 is in a spin fragmented state using nuclear Schottky heat capacity.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Anisotropic homogeneous linewidth of the heavy-hole exciton in (110)-oriented GaAs quantum wells
Not Available
Singh, Rohan↗
Failures of homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies in extended quasidilaton massive gravity
We analyze the extended quasidilaton massive gravity model around a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmological background. We present a careful stability analysis of asymptotic fixed points. We find that the traditional fixed point cannot be approached dynamically, except from a perfectly fine-tuned initial condition involving both the quasidilaton and the Hubble parameter. A less-well examined fixed-point solution, where the time derivative of the zeroth Stückelberg field vanishes ${\stackrel{{}}{{\phi}}}^{0}=0$, encounters no such difficulty, and the fixed point is an attractor in some finite region of initial conditions. We examine the question of the presence of a Boulware-Deser ghost in the theory. We show that the additional constraint that generically allows for the elimination of the Boulware-Deser mode is only present under special initial conditions. We find that the only possibility corresponds to the traditional fixed point and the initial conditions are the same fine-tuned conditions that allow the fixed point to be approached dynamically.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗