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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

Application of remote sensing to state and regional problems

The author has identified the following significant results. The Lowndes County data base is essentially complete with 18 primary variables and 16 proximity variables encoded into the geo-information system. The single purpose, decision tree classifier is now operational. Signatures for the thematic extraction of strip mines from LANDSAT Digital data were obtained by employing both supervised and nonsupervised procedures. Dry, blowing sand areas of beach were also identified from the LANDSAT data. The primary procedure was the analysis of analog data on the I2S signal slicer.

Miller, W. F.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Development of automated power system management techniques

The basic approach in the automated power system management (APSM) implementation is to use one central microprocessor for the overall power system supervision and several local microprocessors dedicated to one or more major subassemblies to perform simple monitoring and control functions. Communication between the central and each local processor is through a dedicated two-wire network employing serial data transfer. The block diagrams of the processors, the data bus characteristics, and the software functions and organization are presented.

Imamura, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Trophic classification of Colorado lakes utilizing contact data, Landsat and aircraft-acquired multispectral scanner data

Multispectral scanner data, acquired over several Colorado lakes using Landsat-1 and aircraft, were used in conjunction with National Eutrophication Survey contact-sensed data to determine the feasibility of assessing lacustrine trophic levels. A trophic state index was developed using contact-sensed data for several trophic indicators (chlorophyll a, inverse of Secchi disk transparency, conductivity, total phosphorous, total organic nitrogen, algal assay yield). Relationships between the digitally processed multispectral scanner data, several trophic indicators, and the trophic index were examined using a supervised multispectral classification technique and regression techniques. Statistically significant correlations exist between spectral bands, several of the trophic indicators (chlorophyll a, Secchi disk transparency, total organic nitrogen), and the trophic state index. Color-coded photomaps were generated which depict the spectral aspects of trophic state. Multispectral scanner data acquired from satellite and aircraft platforms can be used to advantage in lake monitoring and survey programs.

Boland, D. H. P.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Free-flying Shuttle payloads - An extrapolation of sounding rocketry into the Shuttle era

A concept is described for flying scientific and other instruments on the Shuttle, using a free-flying payload. Low costs are maintained by minimizing interfaces with the Space Transportation System and by assembling the payload using modified sounding rocket hardware. This approach allows all Shuttle missions to be considered for scientific missions and gives the Spacelab program the freedom to concentrate on those missions which can take special advantage of supervision by the Orbiter crew.

Olney, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Wetland classification on the Alaskan North Slope

An interactive supervised wetland classification was performed on Landsat digital data for three sites on the North Slope of Alaska. Color-coded classification maps identifying 10 wetland subcategories were produced. Field observations, topographic maps, and aerial photographs were employed as collateral data in classifying and verifying the Landsat information.

Morrow, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Computer aided control of a mechanical arm

A method for computer-aided remote control of a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator arm involved in the on-orbit servicing of a spacecraft is presented. The control configuration features a supervisory type of control in which each of the segments of a module exchange trajectory is controlled automatically under human supervision, with manual commands to proceed to the next step and in the event of a failure or undesirable outcome. The implementation of the supervisory system is discussed in terms of necessary onboard and ground- or Orbiter-based hardware and software, and a one-g demonstration system built to allow further investigation of system operation is described. Possible applications of the system include the construction of satellite solar power systems, environmental testing and the control of heliostat solar power stations.

Derocher, W. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The role of World Data Centers and the Lunar and Planetary Institute in the international exchange of lunar and planetary data

The success of many lunar and planetary investigations has resulted in the accumulation of a mass of data in a myriad of formats and medias. The application of these data to comparative planetology, origin of the solar system, and potential industrial applications of space has made it necessary for scientists from many disciplines to have access to the data. The collections of these data are so diverse that it is often difficult to select what is needed based on catalog information alone. The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) proposes to bring the user and the data together. As a research support organization operated by the Universities Space Research Association, the LPI through its active Visiting Scientist Program, a balanced program of study workshops and topical conferences, and organized and supervised data collections has assisted scientists, educators, and students to review, study, and obtain the data necessary to the pursuit of their research.

Waranius, F. B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Improvements in lake water budget computations using Landsat data

A supervised multispectral classification was performed on Landsat data for Lake Okeechobee's extensive littoral zone to provide two types of information. First, the acreage of a given plant species as measured by satellite was combined with a more accurate transpiration rate to give a better estimate of evapotranspiration from the littoral zone. Second, the surface area coupled by plant communities was used to develop a better estimate of the water surface as a function of lake stage. Based on this information, more detailed representations of evapotranspiration and total water surface (and hence total lake volume) were provided to the water balance budget model for lake volume predictions. The model results based on information derived from satellite demonstrated a 94 percent reduction in cumulative lake stage error and a 70 percent reduction in the maximum deviation of the lake stage.

Gervin, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Korean coastal water depth/sediment and land cover mapping /1:25,000/ by computer analysis of Landsat imagery

Computer analysis was applied to single data Landsat MSS imagery of a coastal area near Seoul, Korea equivalent to a 1:50,000 topographic map, and featuring large dynamic sediment transport processes. Supervised image processing yielded a test classification map containing five water depth/sediment classes, two shoreline/tidal classes and five coastal land cover classes at a scale of 1:25,000 and with a training set accuracy of 76%; the training sets were selected by direct examination of the digitally displayed imagery. The unsupervised ISOCLAS (Senkus, 1976) clustering analysis was performed to assess the relative value of this approach to image classification in areas of sparse or nonexistent ground control. Results indicate that it is feasible to produce quantitative maps for detailed study of dynamic coastal processes given a Landsat image data base at sufficiently frequent time intervals.

Park, K. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Development of alternative data analysis techniques for improving the accuracy and specificity of natural resource inventories made with digital remote sensing data

An investigation was conducted into ways to improve the involvement of state and local user personnel in the digital image analysis process by isolating those elements of the analysis process which require extensive involvement by field personnel and providing means for performing those activities apart from a computer facility. In this way, the analysis procedure can be converted from a centralized activity focused on a computer facility to a distributed activity in which users can interact with the data at the field office level or in the field itself. A general image processing software was developed on the University of Minnesota computer system (Control Data Cyber models 172 and 74). The use of color hardcopy image data as a primary medium in supervised training procedures was investigated and digital display equipment and a coordinate digitizer were procured.

Lillesand, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Tres Marias Reservoir, Minas Gerais State: Study of the dispersion of suspended sediments in surface waters using orbital images

Computer compatible tapes from LANDSAT were used to compartmentalize the Ires Marias reservoir according to respective grey level spectral response. Interactive and automatic, supervised classification, was executed from the IMAGE-100 system. From the simple correlation analysis and graphic representation, it is shown that grey tone levels are inversely proportional to Secchi Depth values. It is further shown that the most favorable period to conduct an analysis of this type is during the rainy season.

Dejesusparada, N.↗
NASA NTRS1980

ICAP: An Interactive Cluster Analysis Procedure for analyzing remotely sensed data

An Interactive Cluster Analysis Procedure (ICAP) was developed to derive classifier training statistics from remotely sensed data. The algorithm interfaces the rapid numerical processing capacity of a computer with the human ability to integrate qualitative information. Control of the clustering process alternates between the algorithm, which creates new centroids and forms clusters and the analyst, who evaluate and elect to modify the cluster structure. Clusters can be deleted or lumped pairwise, or new centroids can be added. A summary of the cluster statistics can be requested to facilitate cluster manipulation. The ICAP was implemented in APL (A Programming Language), an interactive computer language. The flexibility of the algorithm was evaluated using data from different LANDSAT scenes to simulate two situations: one in which the analyst is assumed to have no prior knowledge about the data and wishes to have the clusters formed more or less automatically; and the other in which the analyst is assumed to have some knowledge about the data structure and wishes to use that information to closely supervise the clustering process. For comparison, an existing clustering method was also applied to the two data sets.

Wharton, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Fitness variables and the lipid profile in United States astronauts

The study examines the relationship between several measures of fitness and the lipid profile in United States astronauts. Data were collected on 89 astronauts, previously selected (PSA) and newly selected (NSA), during their annual physical examinations. Several similarities were seen in the two groups. The PSA (mean age of 46.1) had a lower maximum oxygen capacity (41.7 ml kg/min vs. 47.5 ml kg/min); when adjusted for age, it was no different from the NSA (mean age 33.5). The PSA had similar body composition with 15.7% - lower than expected for age. The lipid profiles of the two groups were basically the same with the differences being a function of age. Compared to a normative population, the astronauts had similar cholesterols, lower triglycerides, and higher HDLs. The astronaut profiles were generally more favorable than the age-matched controls, which is felt to be a result of the self-supervised conditioning program and annual preventive medicine consultation and education.

Berry, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Landsat for practical forest type mapping - A test case

Computer classified Landsat maps are compared with a recent conventional inventory of forest lands in northern Maine. Over the 196,000 hectare area mapped, estimates of the areas of softwood, mixed wood and hardwood forest obtained by a supervised classification of the Landsat data and a standard inventory based on aerial photointerpretation, probability proportional to prediction, field sampling and a standard forest measurement program are found to agree to within 5%. The cost of the Landsat maps is estimated to be $0.065/hectare. It is concluded that satellite techniques are worth developing for forest inventories, although they are not yet refined enough to be incorporated into current practical inventories.

Bryant, E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Rocket research and test at the NACA/NASA Wallops Island flight test range 1945-1959

Established by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to function under the supervision of the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division (PARD) of the Langley Research Center, the Wallops Island flight test range began operations in 1945. Before the end of the decade, researchers at Wallops Island had developed two techniques for studying transonic problems - the free-falling body technique and the wing-flow technique - accomplishments which won NACA the needed funds to develop a guided missile for the Army Armed Forces. PARD kept abreast of developments in solid rocket motor technology and added new rockets to its inventory as they became available, and by 1955 Wallops Island programs encompassed sounding-rocket and spaceflight research. By 1959, after the Wallops range had become a NASA facility, it had played essential roles in the development of such satellite programs as Echo and Project Mercury.

Shortal, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Stratification of forest vegetation for timber inventory using Landsat and collateral data

An automated forest stratification procedure based on Landsat and digital terrain data is reviewed. The system uses Landsat multispectral brightness values, a spatial texture channel, and digital terrain data information to divide Klamath National Forest vegetation into timber volume-homogeneous strata. The stratification process involves analyst-supervised class pooling editing, and the modeling of the regional type in a spatial manner using the digital terrain data. It is noted that for a given size and density class, the timber volume will change when the regional type changes, reflecting differences in growth potential.

Woodcock, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Computer control of a robotic satellite servicer

The advantages that will accrue from the in-orbit servicing of satellites are listed. It is noted that in a concept in satellite servicing which holds promise as a compromise between the high flexibility and adaptability of manned vehicles and the lower cost of an unmanned vehicle involves an unmanned servicer carrying a remotely supervised robotic manipulator arm. Because of deficiencies in sensor technology, robot servicing would require that satellites be designed according to a modular concept. A description is given of the servicer simulation hardware, the computer and interface hardware, and the software. It is noted that several areas require further development; these include automated docking, modularization of satellite design, reliable connector and latching mechanisms, development of manipulators for space environments, and development of automated diagnostic techniques.

Fernandez, K. R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Supervisory manipulation based on the concepts of absolute vs relative and fixed vs moving tasks

If a machine is to perform a given subtask autonomously, it will require an internal model which, combined with operator and environmental inputs, can be used to generate the manipulator functions necessary to complete the task. This paper will advance a technique based on linear transformations by which short, supervised periods of manipulation can be accomplished. To achieve this end a distinction will be made between tasks which can be completely defined during the training period, and tasks which can be only partially defined prior to the moment of execution. A further distinction will be made between tasks which have a fixed relationship to the manipulator base throughout the execution period, and tasks which have a continuously changing task/base relationship during execution. Finally, through a rudimentary analysis of the methods developed in this paper, some of the practical aspects of implementing a supervisory system will be illustrated

Brooks, T. L.↗