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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Virtual Synchronous Machine Grid-Forming Inverter Model Specification (REGFM_B1)

This report describes a generic virtual synchronous machine (VSM) grid-forming inverter (GFM) model - REGFM_B1. The initial model specification was proposed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), General Electric (GE), and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (SGRE) also provided inputs to the specification. The model specification has been revised multiple times based on the discussions between all the contributors listed in this report. This work was funded by the Universal Interoperability for Grid-Forming Inverters (UNIFI) Consortium. This generic model is developed to help the utility industry understand the concept of VSM GFMs. The model could be used to represent equipment for long-term planning studies where vendor-specific models are not available. As equipment mature and improve, generic models will be updated to capture the new functionalities of GFMs. It is not intended that these models will always remain representative of all future GFM technologies.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Using interfaces to: create strongly-coupled magnetic-ferroelectrics

Starting at the level of electrons and atoms our long-term goal is to rationally design complex oxide heterostructures and interface-materials with targeted emergent behaviors. This is not a matter of simply optimizing material parameters, but rather begins with understanding a mechanism to control the interplay between the diverse microscopic degrees of freedom prevalent in complex oxides in order to create targeted macroscopic phenomena and ends with the design of new material realizations. These realizations are in turn created with atomic-layer precision, structurally assessed to see that they are the intended realization, and finally their relevant properties are measured. During this program we have developed the scientific ideas necessary to apply this materials-by-design paradigm to the creation of materials offering electrical control of magnetism. At the heart of our approach lies a partnership between theory, synthesis, and characterization. These are the areas of expertise of the three co-PIs, who have worked closely together since their arrival at Cornell. During this project bold ideas on where to put the atoms to provide electrical control of magnetism were met with the latest methods of synthesis science and electron microscopy in an attempt create targeted new multiferroics. Our work applying this materials-by-design methodology to multiferroics has enjoyed multiple successes. The Co-PIs have invented new mechanisms for multiferroics, which provide strong coupling between polarization and magnetism, and reduced them to practice. Specifically, we pioneered multiferroics based on spin-phonon coupling, rotation-driven multiferroicity, and novel geometric multiferroics. Importantly, the latter two of these mechanisms enable the deterministic switching of magnetism by an applied electric field, which is key to the application of multiferroics to future device technologies. Most recently, we performed detailed theoretical analysis on a system involving the combination of magnetoelectric and colossal magnetoresistance behaviors and predict that electrical control of a metal-insulator transition is possible in appropriately strained SmBaMn2O6. The research enabled by this grant led to 63 publications in leading refereed journals including Nature, Nature Materials, Physical Review Letters, and Advanced Materials demonstrating a materials-by-design paradigm to the creation of materials offering electrical control of magnetism.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

PCAST: Letter to the President on Future Opportunities for Science and Technology to Impact the Nation

The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) is the sole body of advisors from outside the federal government charged with making science, technology, and innovation policy recommendations to the President and the White House. Established by Executive Order, it is an independent Federal Advisory Committee comprised of distinguished individuals from industry, academia, and non-profit organizations with a range of perspectives and expertise. On January 15, 2025, PCAST sent a letter to the President on the crucial role that science and technology plays in empowering our nation.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wholly Sustainable, Cost-Effective Carbon Fiber-Nylon Compounds CRADA 592 (Final Report)

Carbon fiber composites have attracted considerable attention due to the potential for substantial mass savings, with many examples now implemented in the low-volume luxury car market. However, migration to higher volume applications has been hindered by: (a) high material cost, (b) high processing times, and (c) perception of low Sustainability. This project will address all three of these barriers: (a) carbon fiber material to replace aluminum in structural components at a cost penalty of no more than $5/Kg-saved (aka weight buy), (b) fitting into high-rate processes for automotive production like injection molding, and (c) end-to-end Sustainable material – based on post industrial waste carbon fiber and nylon 66 and ability to recycle end-of-life auto parts. The opportunity lies in combining DowAksa capabilities in carbon fiber manufacturing, resin chemistry intermediate production with the unique testing capabilities inherent within PNNL. The teams from PNNL and DowAksa held several meetings virtually and in-person in Michigan and at PNNL, including a lab tour at PNNL. Throughout, the teams discussed DowAksa material sources, commercially available recycled base materials, and preliminary material properties. The teams also engaged in multiple discussions and evaluations of potential automotive applications based on the ideas suggested by PNNL. The teams discussed several potential automotive applications in which recycled carbon fiber and recycled PA resin can be used. The PNNL team identified 38 cast aluminum components that can potentially be assessed for redesign using the DowAksa materials system. The PNNL team also identified 27 polyamide components. The teams discussed the lists and narrowed it down to a handful of applications that are exterior and interior to common vehicle architectures. The team also considered semi-structural and structural components and short-listed the highest potential candidates, such as cross-car-beam. The cross-car beam was considered to be highly suitable and potentially viable demonstration applications based on the properties of the materials as well as the weight savings potentials and the reduction in embodied energy by utilizing wholly sustainable materials, since both materials, carbon fiber and resin, were derived from recycled materials. The next step was to reach out to potential OEMs and/or Tier1s who were interested in exploring such technology for future applications. However, the project was terminated, and no further discussions or exchange of information took place. No new data were generated, including no IP and no publications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Remote Sensing and Fluxes Upscaling for Real-world Impact (Workshop Report)

The "Remote Sensing and Fluxes Upscaling for Real-world Impact" workshop, held on July 9-10, 2024, at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, was a collaborative effort led by the AmeriFlux Management Project, NEON, and the Carbon Dew Community of Practice. The event brought together over 200 registrants and approximately 100 attendees each day, including leading experts, researchers, and practitioners. The primary focus was on bridging the gap between cutting-edge research and practical applications in environmental monitoring by integrating remote sensing and flux data. Key themes included the importance of site-level measurements for validating remote sensing products, providing nature-based climate solutions, and addressing challenges such as instrument costs and the need for standardized methods. At the regional scale, discussions centered on addressing spatial heterogeneity and using high-resolution remote sensing and machine learning methods to enhance data interpretation. Global scale challenges included data consistency, gap filling, and accurate emission source identification, with opportunities for international collaboration and standardized practices to improve global carbon budget assessments. The workshop emphasized the critical need for integrating data across local, regional, and global scales through explicit scale-matching and developed a workflow for scaling flux data using "straight shot" and "explicit nesting" approaches. The event highlighted the importance of connecting scientific research with real-world applications in carbon, energy, and water management, ensuring that advancements translate into tangible societal benefits. These insights will guide future research, technology transfer, and collaboration, maximizing the potential of environmental fluxes to address real-world challenges.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Novel Carbon Storage Monitoring Methods

Conference presentation at American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Annual Meeting, San Diego, California, October 27–31, 2024. We presented a high-level overview of many novel and sustainable carbon storage monitoring methods that are at various stages of planning or demonstration to accelerate the deployment of CCS technologies at future CCS sites across the United States. Our work impacts the general CCS industry by providing novel and more sustainable methods for tracking CO 2 plume migration and performing assurance monitoring. Our work primarily benefits three parties: 1) CCS community members through knowledge sharing of lessons learned; 2) CCS operators through commercialization of additional methods, including improvements on workflows and simplification of fieldwork; and 3) stakeholders of CCS projects through implementation of low-impact and more autonomous monitoring solutions.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2025

Analog Signal Multiplexing System for the IOTA Proton Injector

he Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) Facility at FNAL is a dedicated research and development center focused on advancing particle accelerator technologies for future applications worldwide. Currently, a key objective of FAST Opera-tions is to commission the 2.5 MeV IOTA Proton Injec-tor (IPI) and enable proton injection into the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring. The low and medium-energy sections of the IPI include four frame-style dipole trims and two multi-function cor-rectors with independently controlled coils, requiring readout of 32 analog channels for current and voltage monitoring in total. To reduce cost and optimize rack space within the PLC-based control system, a 32-to-4 analog signal multiplexing system was designed and implemented. This system enables real-time readback of excitation parameters from all magnetic correctors. This paper presents the design, construction, implementation, and performance of the multiplexing system.

MacLean, Daniel R. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000210103↗
DOE OSTI2025

Recent Collaborations and Innovations to Demonstrate Next-Generation Techniques for Monitoring Subsurface Carbon Storage

World Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Conference, Bergen, Norway, September 1–4, 2025. This talk provides a high-level overview of many novel and sustainable carbon storage-monitoring methods to accelerate the deployment of CCUS technologies at future CCUS sites across the United States. The Energy & Environmental Research Center’s work impacts the general CCUS industry by providing novel low-impact methods for tracking the injected plume’s migration and more autonomous data collection and processing techniques for performing assurance monitoring. Specifically, the results benefit 1) CCUS community members through knowledge sharing of lessons learned; 2) CCUS operators through commercialization of additional methods, including improvements to workflows and simplification of fieldwork; and 3) CCUS project stakeholders through implementation of low-impact and more autonomous monitoring solutions.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hydrogen Production Cost from Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysis

Rigorous stakeholder-vetted techno-economic analysis (TEA) was conducted to estimate the cost of hydrogen (H 2 ) production using Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide (PSO) electrolysis. The analysis evaluates Current (2025) and Future (2035) technology cases at centralized plant scales of 50 and 500 metric tonnes per day (MTD), assuming electricity, water, and air as the only system inputs. Untaxed, unsubsidized levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is projected to range from 2020 $\$$1.81 to $\$$2.47/kg H 2 at an electricity price of $\$$0.03/kWh and 97% capacity factor under Nth-of-a-kind (NOAK) deployment assumptions. Total installed capital cost was developed using bottom-up Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) stack cost modeling and detailed balance-of-plant estimates, including mechanical and electrical subsystems, installation, site preparation, engineering, and contingency. Stack performance assumptions include thermoneutral operation, degradation over time, and periodic replacement. LCOH was calculated using the Hydrogen Analysis (H2A) discounted cash flow model in constant 2020 dollars. Results indicate PSO electrolysis has potential for competitive hydrogen production costs under low-cost electricity and mature manufacturing conditions.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

ZiaCore Critical Experiment Demonstrates Key Technologies for Nuclear Energy Systems

ZiaCore is a LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project focused on developing and demonstrating key technologies for future nuclear energy systems. The project itself was split into three tasks: 1) Design of the ZiaCore Reactor, a UO2 fueled, graphite and zirconium-hydride (ZrH) moderated, heat pipe cooled micro-reactor 2) Development of the ZrH and heat pipes components 3) Performance of a critical experiment with a representative portion of the ZiaCore reactor incorporating the ZrH and heat pipes developed and made at LANL.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Using acoustic telemetry for high-resolution sablefish movement informing potential interactions with a tidal turbine

As the MHK industry moves forward to the commercial phase, knowledge of potential environmental effects need to be documented and established. At present, the potential for fish interactions and subsequent injury or mortality are a significant concern with instream turbines. Sensors, methodologies, and analyses need to be developed to detect collision or near-miss events. These data will reduce uncertainty of the likelihood of such events and provide information to regulators to make informed decisions on permitting and possible mitigation measures if needed. Acoustic telemetry is a primary method for studying fine-scale fish movements because it can remotely track fish in three dimensions with accuracy. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has proven effective for fish passage estimates and fine-scale movement in river impoundments and near dams. Leveraging the success of previous JSATS applications and applying it to the marine environment, juvenile sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were tagged and tracked using a fixed-position receiver array in a marine tidal channel for the first time. Applying this technology to future installations of MHK turbines will provide information on fish avoidance and evasion behavior as well as blade strike and potential injury and mortality.

Staines, Garrett J.↗
NASA NTRS1965

Beyond apollo.

Apollo capabilities extended for future biomedical, technological and operational experiments, trading space maneuvering capability for experiment load-carrying capacity

SPACE EXPLORATION↗
NASA NTRS1971

Some future applications of low temperature technology in space

Low temperature technology applications are presented for relativity experiments, improved signal to noise ratio performance, and helium studies in space. The large scale, low magnetic field facility is described, as well as the principle of the London moment for relativity gyroscopes.

Fairbank, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Study of the application of advanced technologies to long range transport aircraft. Volume 2: Advanced technology program recommendations

The benefits of the application of advanced technology to future transport aircraft were investigated. The noise reduction goals established by the CARD (Civil Aviation Research and Development) study for the 1981-1985 time period can be satisfied. Reduced terminal area and airway congestion can result from use of advanced on-board systems and operating procedures. The use of advanced structural design concepts can result in greatly reduced gross weight and improved operating economics. The full potential of these benefits can be realized in a 1985 airplane by implementing a research and development program that is funded to an average level of approximately $55 million per year over a ten year period.

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