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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Electron and ion density depletions measured in the STS-3 orbiter wake

The third Space Shuttle flight on Columbia carried instrumentation to measure thermal plasma density and temperature. Two separate investigations, the Plasma Diagnostics Package (PDP) and the Vehicle Charging and Potential Experiment (VCAP), carried a Langmuir Probe, and the VCAP also included a Spherical Retarding Potential Analyzer (SRPA). Only those measurements made while the PDP is in the payload bay are discussed here since the VCAP instrumentation remains in the payload bay at all times and the two measurements are compared. The wake behind a large structure (in this case the Space Shuttle Orbiter) flying through the ionospheric plasma is discussed. Much theoretical work was done regarding plasma wakes. The instrumentation on this mission gives the first data taken with a large vehicle in the ionospheric laboratory. First, the PDP Langmuir Probe and its data set will be presented, then the VCAP Langmuir Probe and SRPA with associated data. The agreement between the two data sets is discussed and then followed by some other PDP data which infers an even lower wake density.

Murphy, G. B.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Field and data analysis studies related to the atmospheric environment

This report summarizes work on a broad array of projects including: (1) applications of meteorological and/or oceanographic satellites; (2) improvement of the current set of NASA/USAF lightning related launch commit criteria rules; (3) the design, building, testing and deployment of a set of cylindrical field mills for aircraft use; (4) the study of marginal electrification storm conditions in relationship to the current launch commit rules for the space shuttle and various other launch vehicles using an instrumented aircraft; (5) support of the DC-8 and ER-2 lightning instrument package as part of both the Tropical Ocean - Global Atmospheric/Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Response Experiment and the Convection and Moisture Experiment; (6) design of electronic circuitry and microprocessor firmware for the NASA Advanced Ground Based Field Mill; (7) design and testing of electronic and computer instrumentation for atmospheric electricity measurements; (8) simulating observations from a lightning imaging sensor on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring satellite; and (9) supporting scientific visualization and the development of computer software tools.

Kidder, Stanley↗
NASA NTRS2012

Lead-Free Experiment in a Space Environment

This Technical Memorandum addresses the Lead-Free Technology Experiment in Space Environment that flew as part of the seventh Materials International Space Station Experiment outside the International Space Station for approximately 18 months. Its intent was to provide data on the performance of lead-free electronics in an actual space environment. Its postflight condition is compared to the preflight condition as well as to the condition of an identical package operating in parallel in the laboratory. Some tin whisker growth was seen on a flight board but the whiskers were few and short. There were no solder joint failures, no tin pest formation, and no significant intermetallic compound formation or growth on either the flight or ground units.

Blanche, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Reliability of area array packages with 1500-2500 I/Os

This report first provides a literature survey for designing, manufacturing, and reliability test results for area array packages with 1500 to 2500 inputs/outputs (I/Os). It then presents test matrix on design, yield, and workmanship defects on assembly and environmental testing, including thermal cycle and mechanical drop-test evaluation results for FCBGA1704, FPBGA432, and PBGA676 I/Os packages assembled onto printed circuit/wiring boards (PCBs/PWBs). Finally, it summarizes lessons learned from test results for assembly and environmental testing along with optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray photomicrographs showing damage progress.

Ghaffarian, Reza↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Heliophysics Environmental & Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite (HERMES): A Small External Payload for Gateway with Big Challenges

Currently scheduled for liftoff in 2024, Gateway will be an outpost orbiting the moon for astronauts headed to and from the lunar surface and will serve as a staging point for deep space exploration. In January 2020, NASA Headquarters contacted Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) with a request that they provide a Heliophysics instrumentation package for Gateway. This package would later become known as the Heliophysics Environmental & Radiation Measurement Experiment Suite (HERMES). HERMES consists of four high-heritage instruments – a Miniaturized Electron pRoton Telescope (MERIT), an Electron Electrostatic Analyzer (EEA), a Solar Probe Analyzer-Ions (SPAN-I), and Noise Eliminating Magnetometer Instrument in a Small Integrated System (NEMISIS), which consists of one fluxgate and two magneto-inductive magnetometers. Launching HERMES with Gateway would provide an opportunity to conduct early science experiments on Gateway, but the plan to develop HERMES concurrently with Gateway and launch with the co-manifested vehicle brought numerous technical challenges for the pathfinder payload. HERMES was intended to be a low-cost, tailored Class-D mission, and maintaining that programmatic position proved difficult as the technical challenges grew. The effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were not factored in from the beginning and also created programmatic challenges. This paper will discuss what’s being done to overcome the technical and programmatic challenges to put HERMES on track for a 2024 Launch Readiness Date (LRD).

Joe Burt↗
DOE OSTI2023

Analysis of X-ray images and spectra (aXis2000): A toolkit for the analysis of X-ray spectromicroscopy data

Spectromicroscopy refers to analytical methods that combine imaging and spectroscopy to provide detailed, spatially resolved analytical information about a sample, such as the type and quantitative spatial distributions of chemical components, geometric or magnetic alignment information, crystal structure, etc. The analysis of X-ray images and spectra (aXis2000) software described in this work provides a set of routines within a single, integrated, graphical-oriented package to read, display, manipulate and analyze spectromicroscopy data, with particular focus on soft X-ray spectromicroscopy methods such as scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM), scanning photoelectron X-ray microscopy (SPEM) and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). Here, this free software is described and compared to other software that can provide similar or complementary capabilities. Examples of spectromicroscopic analyses using advanced features of aXis2000 are provided.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Power Electronic Development Challenges for High Power Density Integrated Electric Drive Applications

The ever-increasing demand for compact, efficient, and high-performance traction drive systems for transportation applications has accelerated the development of integrated electric drives. In these systems, the electric machine and inverter are integrated within a single housing, offering significant advantages in electrical performance, volume, weight, cost, and overall system efficiency. Despite these benefits, such high levels of integration introduce a new set of challenges, particularly in power electronic design and component selection. This article presents an in-depth investigation of a highly integrated electric drive architecture with an internal stator-mounted inverter, highlighting key design considerations and trade-offs aimed exclusively at maximizing system power density.Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, the power density of a voltage-source-inverter-driven electric drive is primarily governed by the volumetric contributions of the power modules, heat sinks, and DC-link capacitors. Accordingly, this work focuses on the optimization of these three critical components to enhance the inverter's overall power density. The proposed design achieves a power density of 100 kW/L, demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented approach for next-generation integrated electric drive systems.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Generalized Green’s function Cluster Expansion: A Python package for simulating polarons

We present an efficient implementation of the Generalized Green’s function Cluster Expansion (GGCE), which is a new method for computing the ground-state properties and dynamics of polarons (single electrons coupled to lattice vibrations) in model electron-phonon systems. The GGCE works at arbitrary temperature and is well suited for a variety of electron-phonon couplings, including, but not limited to, site and bond Holstein and Peierls (Su-SchriefferHeeger) couplings, and couplings to multiple phonon modes with different energy scales and coupling strengths. Quick calculations can be performed efficiently on a laptop using solvers from NumPy and SciPy, or in parallel at scale using the PETSc sparse linear solver engine.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2005

Reliability of CCGA and PBGA assemblies

Area Array Packages (AAPs) with 1.27 mm pitch have been the packages of the choice for commercial applications; they are now started to be implemented for use in military and aerospace applications. Thermal cycling characteristics of plastic BGA (PBGA) and CSP assemblies, because of their wide usage for commercial applications, have been extensively reported in literature. Thermal cycling represents the on-off environmental condition for most electronic products and therefore is a key factor that defines reliability.

stakes↗
NASA NTRS2007

Space-Shuttle Emulator Software

A package of software has been developed to execute a raw binary image of the space shuttle flight software for simulation of the computational effects of operation of space shuttle avionics. This software can be run on inexpensive computer workstations. Heretofore, it was necessary to use real flight computers to perform such tests and simulations. The package includes a program that emulates the space shuttle orbiter general- purpose computer [consisting of a central processing unit (CPU), input/output processor (IOP), master sequence controller, and buscontrol elements]; an emulator of the orbiter display electronics unit and models of the associated cathode-ray tubes, keyboards, and switch controls; computational models of the data-bus network; computational models of the multiplexer-demultiplexer components; an emulation of the pulse-code modulation master unit; an emulation of the payload data interleaver; a model of the master timing unit; a model of the mass memory unit; and a software component that ensures compatibility of telemetry and command services between the simulated space shuttle avionics and a mission control center. The software package is portable to several host platforms.

Arnold, Scott↗
DOE OSTI2025

Zero-Field NMR and Millitesla-SLIC Spectra for >200 Molecules from Density Functional Theory and Spin Dynamics

NMR is usually performed at magnetic fields of 1 T and above to obtain sufficient sensitivity and spectral dispersion to identify chemicals based on chemical shifts and J couplings. At lower fields, the advent of hyperpolarization technologies and sensitive detectors can address sensitivity concerns. However, it remains disputed whether spectral signatures at zero and ultra-low fields are sufficient for chemical identification. Here, we report an all–electron DFT-based batch calculation of J-coupling constants, which are used to generate J coupling NMR spectra at zero field and 6.5 mT for over 200 small molecules. In the developed computational tool chain, we first used the all-electron FHI-aims code to calculate the molecular J couplings and chemical shifts. We then fed the calculated NMR parameters into the NMR simulation package SPINACH to simulate both heteronuclear J coupling spectra at zero-field, and homonuclear J coupling spectra as spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) spectra at ultra-low field (6.5 mT). The resulting spectra demonstrate that zero and ultra-low field NMR spectra can represent unique identifiers of chemical structure for small molecules.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

An adaptive masking method for beam halo measurement by a digital micro mirror device

We report that in high intensity particle beams, irregularities in cathode emission, scattering effects, dark current and space charge forces can lead to a common phenomenon termed beam halo with associated emittance growth, beam loss and overall beam quality degradation. It is of fundamental interest and practical importance to precisely monitor such beam halo, which could offer valuable insights into the experimental strategy for the suppression of this undesired feature. A Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD) is a computer-controlled micro-electrical-mechanical system that contains a compact array of physically independent reflective mirrors. Using a standard DMD, we come up with an adaptive masking method for halo measurement, which demonstrates superior robustness and efficiency comparing to the conventional approaches as confirmed by simulation and experimental results. Our development includes an integrated package of hardware, software and a graphic user interface (GUI) that is robust and portable and can be applied as a beam halo diagnostic for electron guns or radiating charged particle beams in general.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1991

Signal Isolators

The City of Dubuque, Iowa's new Water Division computer system was experiencing failures of the analog inputs ranging from signals out of tolerance by more than 30 percent to intermittent and sometimes complete loss of signals. The problem stemmed from a lack of signal isolation of the analog input cards, which made the inputs vulnerable to interference from storms and machinery. Electronic technician Bob Ervolino read an article in Tech Briefs describing an Ames Research Center solution to a similar problem. He studied the Technical Support Package and contacted the vendor; the information saved the Water Division more than 50 percent of the cost of commercial isolators.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2025

PPI DataHub Project Data Package: S. elongatus PCC 7942 Limited Proteolysis and Thermal Proteome Profiling Structural Proteomics (JM-PB-DP3)

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate structural alterations in proteins involved in central carbon metabolism and photosynthetic electron transfer pathways in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Sample data was obtained from S. elongatus cell lysates using three complementary mass spectrometry (MS) techniques using limited proteolysis (LiP-MS), thermal proteome profiling (TPP-MS), and redox enrichment (Redox-MS) in evaluating alterations solvent accessibility and structural stability caused by light perturbation at the molecular level. Experimentally processed sample data for LiP and TPP proteomic datasets were derived from the same cell culture stock, prepared simultaneously in parallel, and acquired by mass spectrometry. Processed datasets are openly accessible from the download button and contain secondary processed proteomic results files, computed outputs, and supporting metadata materials. Experimental samples processed for LiP-MS label-free quantification (LFQ) or TPP-MS tandem mass tag (TMT) 10-plex were acquired using a Q-Exactive HF-X mass spectrometer and processed/compiled using either MSGF+ (v2024.03.26) or ​​​​PlexedPiper for proteome evaluation. Additional software supporting downstream proteomic analysis include FragPipe (v.4.0), MSFragger (v.22.1), and an adapted Microbial Isolate LiP Analysis Workflow (located at Zenodo). Processed proteomic data downloads include a sample naming key, normalized quantification results files, and processed protein annotated abundance files.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1982

Thematic mapper flight model preshipment review data package. Volume 2, part A: Subsystem data

Performance and acceptance data are presented for the multiplexer, scan mirror, power supply, mainframe/top mechanical and the aft optics, assemblies. Other major subsystems evaluated include the relay optics, the electronic module, the radiative cooler, and the cable harness. Reference lists of nonconforming materials reports, failure reports, and requests for deviation/waiver are also given.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2017

Dynamic Control System Mode Performance of the Space Technology-7 Disturbance Reduction System

The Space Technology-7 (ST-7) Disturbance Reduction System (DRS) is an experiment package aboard the European Space Agency (ESA) LISA Pathfinder spacecraft, launched on December 3, 2015. DRS consists of three primary components: Colloidal MicroNewton Thrusters (CMNTs), an Integrated Avionics Unit (IAU), and flight-software implementing the Command and Data Handling (C&DH) and Dynamic Control System (DCS) algorithms. The CMNTs were designed to provide thrust from 5 to 30 micro Newton, with thrust controllability and resolution of 0.1 micro Newton and thrust noise of 0.1 micro Newton/(square root of (Hz)) in the measurement band from 1-30 mHz. The IAU hosts the C&DH and DCS flight software, as well as interfaces with both the CMNT electronics and the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. When in control, the DCS uses star tracker attitude data and capacitive or optically-measured position and attitude information from LISA Pathfinder and the LISA Technology Package (LTP) to control the attitude and position of the spacecraft and the two test masses inside the LTP. After completion of the nominal ESA LISA Pathfinder mission, the DRS experiment was commissioned followed by its nominal mission. DRS operations extended over the next five months, interspersed with station keeping, anomaly resolution, and periods where control was handed back to LISA Pathfinder for them to conduct further experiments. The primary DRS mission ended on December 6, 2016, with the experiment meeting all of its Level 1 requirements. The DCS, developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, consists of five spacecraft control modes and six test mass control modes, combined into six 'DRS Mission Modes'. Attitude Control and Zero-G were primarily used to control the spacecraft during initial handover and during many of the CMNT characterization experiments. The other Mission Modes, Drag Free Low Force, 18-DOF Transitional, and 18-DOF, were used to provide drag-free control of the spacecraft about the test masses. This paper will discuss the performance of these DCS spacecraft and test mass control modes. Flight data will be shown from each mode throughout the mission, both from nominal operations and during various flight experiments. The DCS team also made some changes to controller, filter, and limit parameters during operations; the motivation and results of these changes will be shown and discussed.

O'Donnell, James R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2022

Silicon Carbide Sensors and Electronics Technology for Extreme Environments: Opportunities for Nuclear Power Applications

Over the past five decades, NASA Glenn Research Center had been advancing the development of single crystal silicon carbide growth, sensors and electronics device technologies, culminating in the recent demonstration of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems scale batch fabricated pressure sensors operating at 800 °C and integrated circuit electronics with demonstrated durability of over 1000 hours at 500 °C. As a result of the progress made in demonstrating the high temperature capability of the technology, insertion into actual operational environments, such as in jet engines and planet Venus, are in progress. The high temperature, near inert surface chemistry, and radiation hardness attributes of SiC, coupled with the relative maturation of the device batch microfabrication, contact metallization, and packaging technologies, make the material a prime candidate for use as part of future advanced nuclear reactor instrumentation and control strategy. Hence the current research efforts at NASA Glenn are aimed toward harnessing these attributes in developing SiC sensors and electronics for nuclear reactor applications, potentially for future Lunar/Martian nuclear power and the emerging terrestrial micro nuclear power plants.

silicon carbide↗