Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “division”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

(NOICE) Neural Optical Image Categorizer for the E-log

The Fermilab Accelerator Division Electronic logbook (E-log) is a record of all the activities and events in the Division for the past 10 years and more. The E-log search function is a valuable resource and the institutional memory of the accelerator complex. About 300,000 files are stored in the E-log, of which the vast majority are images attached to entries and comments. The visual information contained in the images is not presently searchable. The goal of team NOICE (Neural Optical Image Categorizer for the E-log) was to design a neural network able to produce label categories for these images for use by searches. The group developed a dataset and trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) with optimized hyperparameter

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assessment of Overmatched Filler (Alloy 617) to Improve Alloy 800H Stress Rupture Factors

Section III, Division 5 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) specifies rules for elevated temperature nuclear reactors. Currently, only six metals are qualified in Section III, Division for construction of Class A metallic pressure boundary components for elevated-temperature service, one of these being Alloy 800H. There are only two permissible filler metals Alloy 800H is qualified to be welded with: Alloy A and Alloy 82. The stress rupture factors for these two filler metals are low near the maximum temperatures and service lives Alloy 800H is qualified for. This may preclude vendors from being able to use Alloy 800H for elevated-temperature nuclear construction. In this work, an overmatched filler metal, Alloy 617 is assessed to determine its potential to offer improved stress rupture factors. Scoping creep-rupture tests of cross-welds with Alloy 800H base metal and Alloy 617 filler metal were conducted. Preliminary results do not indicate that Alloy 617 will offer significantly improved stress rupture factors. Consequently, a matching filler metal, UTP A 2133, is now being investigated.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of Initial Alloy 617 High Temperature Crack Growth Testing

Crack propagation data can provide valuable insights when performing a safety evaluation for a component. Alloy 617 is qualified in Section III, Division 5 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) for elevated-temperature nuclear service up to 950°C. Little is known, however, about subcritical crack-growth phenomena in Alloy 617. Previous crack-growth studies of Alloy 617 did not investigate temperatures across the range which is currently qualified in Section III, Division 5. High-temperature crack-growth testing in air and in reactor-grade helium can provide data for establishing the crack-growth correlations in support of an ASME BPVC Section XI high-temperature flaw evaluation Code Case. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has previously performed crack-growth testing, but the equipment requires revitalization. This report provides the status of crack-growth testing in Alloy 617 at INL.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A summary of the mechanical properties data developed in FY 2023 by ANL, INL and ORNL to support the data package development for the A709 Code Case

This report provides the status of tensile, creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue testing to date conducted at Argonne National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory to generate the data package required to qualify Alloy 709 in American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 5. The Division 5 Class A Alloy 709 Code Case requires data generated from a minimum of three commercial heats. Extensive mechanical properties data have been generated on two commercial heats, and some initial test data have been generated from the third commercial heat. The room temperature tensile test results for the three commercial heats met the specification minimum of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part A, SA-213/SA-213M for Grade TP310MoCbN (UNS S31025) seamless tubing. These three commercial heats of Alloy 709 are suitable for generating the code case data.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE UPDATE AND EXTENSION OF THE TIME-DEPENDENT ALLOWABLE STRESSES OF TYPE 304H AND 316H STAINLESS STEELS

Type 304H and 316H stainless steels are codified in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for Section III, Division 5, Class A construction for up to 1500F (816C) and 300,000 hours. Extension of the design lifetimes to 500,000 hours has been undertaken by various research projects and by the ASME Section III, Division 5 Code Committees. Due to a long-standing issue related to non-classical creep behavior on the use of the time to the onset of tertiary creep as one of the time-dependent allowable stress criteria, little progress was made in the extension of the time-dependent allowable stresses for Type 304H and 316H stainless steels. A recent effort by Dabrow and Nestell (Impact of Tertiary Creep on Time Dependent Allowable Stresses for Type 304H and 316H Stainless Steels, Report 0300-0003-RPT-001, MPR Associates, Alexandria, VA, 2020) has provided a rational method for the treatment of the highly variable data for the time to onset of tertiary creep. In this paper, the background formulas for determining the time-dependent allowable stress values of Type 304H and 316H stainless steels, as assembled from relevant project work, are presented. These updates and extensions are being recommended to the ASME Code committees for approval, and are subject to change upon feedback from ASME Section III Code committees.

304/316 life extension↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bringing Alaska's Carbon Ore, Rare Earth, and Critical Minerals (CORE-CM) into Perspective

The final report outlines the outcomes of the Alaska CORE-CM Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under award DE-FE0032050. Led by the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, with assistance from other organizations, the project assessed Alaska's potential for Carbon Ore, Rare Earth Elements, and Critical Minerals (CORE-CM). Leveraging advanced analytical techniques, the project identified high-potential resource basins, evaluated geochemical and satellite data, and conducted targeted field investigations. Findings revealed promising concentrations of critical minerals in legacy samples and newly collected materials. The project also investigated innovative extraction technologies, including BioExtraction and use of supercritical CO2, which show significant promise for sustainable resource recovery. Additionally, the study explored the reuse of waste streams from active mining operations and coal byproducts such as using alkali-activated coal ash to manufacture concrete. Infrastructure and logistical challenges in Alaska’s remote regions are discussed, alongside strategies to establish a Technology Innovation Center aimed at advancing CORE-CM development in Alaska. The report includes actionable insights to support Alaska’s critical role in securing domestic supplies of essential minerals while addressing economic, environmental, and technological challenges.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

On-chip frequency-bin quantum photonics

Abstract Frequency-bin encoding furnishes a compelling pathway for quantum information processing systems compatible with established lightwave infrastructures based on fiber-optic transmission and wavelength-division multiplexing. Yet although significant progress has been realized in proof-of-principle tabletop demonstrations, ranging from arbitrary single-qubit gates to controllable multiphoton interference, challenges in scaling frequency-bin processors to larger systems remain. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances at the intersection of frequency-bin encoding and integrated photonics that are fundamentally transforming the outlook for scalable frequency-based quantum information. Focusing specifically on results on sources, state manipulation, and hyperentanglement, we envision a possible future in which on-chip frequency-bin circuits fulfill critical roles in quantum information processing, particularly in communications and networking.

electro-optic modulators↗
NASA NTRS2011

Adaptation of the Electra Radio to Support Multiple Receive Channels

Proposed future Mars missions plan communication between multiple assets (rovers). This paper presents the results of a study carried out to assess the potential adaptation of the Electra radio to a multi-channel transceiver. The basic concept is a Frequency Division multiplexing (FDM) communications scheme wherein different receiver architectures are examined. Options considered include: (1) multiple IF slices, A/D and FPGAs each programmed with an Electra baseband modem; (2) common IF but multiple A/Ds and FPGAs and (3) common IF, single A/D and single or multiple FPGAs programmed to accommodate the FDM signals. These options represent the usual tradeoff between analog and digital complexity. Given the space application, a common IF is preferable; however, multiple users present dynamic range challenges (e.g., near-far constraints) that would favor multiple IF slices (Option 1). Vice versa, with a common IF and multiple A/Ds (Option 2), individual AGC control of the A/Ds would be an important consideration. Option 3 would require a common AGC control strategy and would entail multiple digital down conversion paths within the FPGA. In this paper, both FDM parameters as well as the different Electra design options will be examined. In particular, signal channel spacing as a function of user data rates and transmit powers will be evaluated. In addition, tradeoffs between the different Electra design options will be presented with the ultimate goal of defining an augmented Electra radio architecture for potential future missions.

Time Division multiplexing↗
DOE OSTI2020

Characterization of Aliased Noise in the Advanced ACTPol Receiver

Advanced ACTPol is the second-generation polarization-sensitive upgrade to the 6m aperture Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which increased detector count and frequency coverage compared to the previous ACTPol receiver. Advanced ACTPol utilizes a new two-stage time-division multiplexing readout architecture based on superconducting quantum interference devices to achieve a multiplexing factor as high as 64 (rows), fielding a 2012 detector camera at 150/220 GHz and two 90/150 GHz cameras containing 1716 detectors each. In a time-domain system, aliasing introduces noise to the readout. Here in this work we present a figure of merit to measure this noise contribution and present measurements of the aliased noise fraction of the Advanced ACTPol receiver as deployed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development

The Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP)/Keck (BK) collaboration is currently leading the quest for the highest-sensitivity measurements of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on a degree scale with a series of cryogenic telescopes, of which BICEP Array (BA) is the latest Stage-3 upgrade with a total of ~ 32,000 detectors. The instrument comprises 4 receivers spanning 30–270 GHz, with the low-frequency 30/40 GHz deployed to the South Pole Station in late 2019. The full complement of receivers is forecast to set the most stringent constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Building on these advances, the overarching small-aperture telescope concept is already being used as the reference for further Stage-4 experiment design. This paper describes the development of the BICEP Array 150 GHz detector module and its fabrication requirements, with highlights on the high-density time division multiplexing (TDM) design of the cryogenic circuit boards. The low-impedance wiring required between the detectors and the frst stage of superconducting quantum interference device amplifers is crucial to maintaining a stable bias current on the detectors. Here, a novel multilayer FR4 Printed Circuit Board with superconducting traces, capable of reading out up to 648 detectors, is detailed along with its validation tests. An ultra-high-density TDM detector module concept we developed for a CMB-S4-like experiment that allows up to 1920 detectors to be read out is also presented. TDM has been chosen as the detector readout technology for the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage-4 (CMB-S4) experiment based on its proven low-noise performance, predictable costs, and overall maturity of the architecture. The heritage for TDM is rooted in mm- and sub-mm-wave experiments dating back 20 years and has since evolved to support a multiplexing factor of 64x in Stage-3 experiments.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

End-to-End Modeling of the TDM Readout System for CMB-S4

The CMB-S4 experiment is developing next-generation ground-based microwave telescopes to observe the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented sensitivity. This will require an order of magnitude increase in the 100-mK detector count, which, in turn, increases the demands on the readout system. The CMB-S4 readout will use time-division multiplexing (TDM), taking advantage of faster switches and amplifiers in order to achieve an increased multiplexing factor. To facilitate the design of the new readout system, we have developed a model that predicts the bandwidth and noise performance of this circuitry and its interconnections. This is then used to set requirements on individual components in order to meet the performance necessary for the full system. Here, we present an overview of this model and compare the model results to the performance of both legacy and prototype readout hardware.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Coupling between DNA replication, segregation, and the onset of constriction in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli cell cycle features two critical cell-cycle checkpoints: initiation of replication and the onset of constriction. While the initiation of DNA replication has been extensively studied, it is less clear what triggers the onset of constriction and when exactly it occurs during the cell cycle. Here, using high-throughput fluorescence microscopy in microfluidic devices, we determine the timing for the onset of constriction relative to the replication cycle in different growth rates. Our single-cell data and modeling indicate that the initiation of constriction is coupled to replication-related processes in slow growth conditions. Furthermore, our data suggest that this coupling involves the mid-cell chromosome blocking the onset of constriction via some form of nucleoid occlusion occurring independently of SlmA and the Ter linkage proteins. This work highlights the coupling between replication and division cycles and brings up a new nucleoid mediated control mechanism in E. coli.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Identification and characterization of distinct cell cycle stages in cardiomyocytes using the FUCCI transgenic system

Understanding the regulatory mechanism by which cardiomyocyte proliferation transitions to endoreplication and cell cycle arrest during the neonatal period is crucial for identifying proproliferative factors and developing regenerative therapies. }We used a transgenic mouse model based on the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) system to isolate and characterize cycling cardiomyocytes at different cell cycle stages at a single-cell resolution. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of cycling and noncycling cardiomyocytes was performed at postnatal days 0 (P0) and 7 (P7). }The FUCCI system proved to be efficient for the identification of cycling cardiomyocytes with the highest mitotic activity at birth, followed by a gradual decline in the number of cycling and mitotic cardiomyocytes during the neonatal period. Cardiomyocytes showed premature cell cycle exit at G1/S shortly after birth and delayed G1/S progression during endoreplication at P7. Single-cell RNA-seq confirmed previously described signaling pathways involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation (Erbb2 and Hippo/YAP), and maturation-related transcriptional changes during postnatal development, including the metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, we generated transcriptional profiles specific to cell division and endoreplication in cardiomyocytes at different developmental stages that may facilitate the identification of genes important for adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. }In conclusion, the FUCCI mouse provides a valuable system to study cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity at single cell resolution that can help to decipher the switch from cardiomyocyte proliferation to endoreplication, and to revert this process to facilitate endogenous repair.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Compound Meta-Optics for Complete and Loss-Less Field Control

Optical metasurfaces offer a compact platform for manipulation of the amplitude, phase, and polarization state of light. Independent control over these properties, however, is hindered by the symmetric transmission matrix associated with single-layer metasurfaces. Here, we utilize multilayer birefringent meta-optics to realize high-efficiency, independent control over the amplitude, phase, and polarization state of light. In this work, high-efficiency control is enabled by redistributing the wavefront between cascaded metasurfaces, while end-to-end inverse design is used to realize independent complex-valued functions for orthogonal polarization states. Based on this platform, we demonstrate spatial mode division multiplexing, optical mode conversion, and universal vectorial holograms, all with diffraction efficiencies over 80%. This meta-optic platform expands the design space of flat optics and could lead to advances in optical communications, quantum entanglement, and information encryption.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Engineering microbial consortia for mixed plastic upcycling

Recent studies in developing processes using ‘single’ plastic waste for microbial conversion have demonstrated great promise in advancing a circular economy. However, chemical complexity and compositional variability of post-consumer ‘mixed’ plastic waste pose huge challenges to using it as a feedstock for biomanufacturing. Here, we present a process leveraging a synthetic microbial consortium, comprising Rhodococcus jostii strain PET and Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, enabled by engineering the division of labor. The robust consortium synergistically and stably consumes diverse mixtures of oxygenated compounds, derived from the depolymerization of post-consumer, mixed plastic waste, regardless of the fluctuating plastic waste compositions. We evaluate the upcycling potential of the stable consortium by applying rational metabolic engineering to both specialists, enabling the funneling of these oxygenates into lycopene and lipids. This work highlights the potential of stable microbial consortia to valorize untapped, mixed plastic waste for sustainable biomanufacturing, offering a promising solution to global plastic pollution.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Chlamydomonas CHT7 is involved in repressing DNA replication and mitotic genes during synchronous growth

In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, regulation of the cell cycle in response to external cues is critical for survival in a changing environment. The loss of the nuclear COMPROMISED HYDROLYSIS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS 7 (CHT7) protein affects the expression of many genes especially in response to nitrogen availability. Cells lacking CHT7 exhibit abnormal cell morphology following nitrogen deprivation and fail to resume normal cell division after N resupply. To investigate the function of CHT7 in the regulation of cell cycle-related pathways, cells were synchronized, and RNA-seq analysis was performed during various stages of the cell cycle. In the cht7 mutant following nitrogen deprivation, the cells were not dividing, but a subset of cell cycle genes involved in DNA replication and mitosis were found to be derepressed, suggesting that the CHT7 protein plays a role in cell cycle regulation that is opposite to that of the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, genes for cell wall synthesis and remodeling were found to be abnormally induced in nondividing cht7 cells; this misregulation may deplete cellular resources and thus contribute to cell death following nitrogen deprivation. Lastly, 43 minimally characterized kinases were found to be highly misregulated in cht7. Further analysis suggested that some of these CHT7-regulated kinases may be related to the MAP3K and Aurora-like kinases, while others are unique. Together, these results suggest a role of CHT7 in transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle and reveal several pathways and genes whose expression appears to be subject to a CHT7-mediated regulatory network.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

The NtrYX Two-Component System Regulates the Bacterial Cell Envelope

ABSTRACT Activity of the NtrYX two-component system has been associated with important processes in diverse bacteria, ranging from symbiosis to nitrogen and energy metabolism. In the facultative alphaproteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides , loss of the two-component system NtrYX results in increased lipid production and sensitivity to some known cell envelope-active compounds. In this study, we show that NtrYX directly controls multiple properties of the cell envelope. We find that the response regulator NtrX binds upstream of cell envelope genes, including those involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and modification and in cell division. We show that loss of NtrYX impacts the cellular levels of peptidoglycan precursors and lipopolysaccharide and alters cell envelope structure, increasing cell length and the thickness of the periplasm. Cell envelope function is also disrupted in the absence of NtrYX, resulting in increased outer membrane permeability. Based on the properties of R. sphaeroides cells lacking NtrYX and the target genes under direct control of this two-component system, we propose that NtrYX plays a previously undescribed, and potentially conserved, role in the assembly, structure, and function of the cell envelope in a variety of bacteria. IMPORTANCE The bacterial cell envelope provides many important functions. It protects cells from harsh environments, serves as a selective permeability barrier, houses bioenergetic functions, defines sensitivity to antibacterial agents, and plays a crucial role in biofilm formation, symbiosis, and virulence. Despite the important roles of this cellular compartment, we lack a detailed understanding of the biosynthesis and remodeling of the cell envelope. Here, we report that the R. sphaeroides two-component signaling system NtrYX is a previously undescribed regulator of cell envelope processes, providing evidence that it is directly involved in controlling transcription of genes involved in cell envelope assembly, structure, and function in this and possibly other bacteria. Thus, our data report on a newly discovered process used by bacteria to assemble and remodel the cell envelope.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Repulsive expansion dynamics in colony growth and gene expression

Spatial expansion of a population of cells can arise from growth of microorganisms, plant cells, and mammalian cells. It underlies normal or dysfunctional tissue development, and it can be exploited as the foundation for programming spatial patterns. This expansion is often driven by continuous growth and division of cells within a colony, which in turn pushes the peripheral cells outward. This process generates a repulsion velocity field at each location within the colony. Here we show that this process can be approximated as coarse-grained repulsive-expansion kinetics. This framework enables accurate and efficient simulation of growth and gene expression dynamics in radially symmetric colonies with homogenous z-directional distribution. It is robust even if cells are not spherical and vary in size. The simplicity of the resulting mathematical framework also greatly facilitates generation of mechanistic insights.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗