Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “MAGNETIC DIPOLES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

From spin induced ferroelectricity to spin and dipolar glass in a triangular lattice: The CuCr{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 2} (0≤x≤0.5) delafossite

The change from antiferromagnetism induced ferroelectricity to spin glass ferroelectric relaxor has been studied along the CuCr{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 2} (0≤x≤0.5) solid solution of polycrystalline samples. As x increases from CuCrO{sub 2} (x=0) to CuCr{sub 0.82}V{sub 0.18}O{sub 2}, it is found that the Néel temperature decreases from ∼24 K down to ∼13 K. This progressive weakening of the antiferromagnetism of CuCrO{sub 2} induces a rapid decrease of the spin induced ferroelectricity with polarization values going from ∼44 μC/m{sup 2} down to ∼1.5 μC/m{sup 2} for x=0.04 and x=0.08, respectively. Beyond x=0.18 (0.20≤x≤0.50), ac-magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements evidence a spin glass state while dielectric permittivity and polarization measurements point towards a relaxor behaviour. This shows that competing magnetic interactions in delafossites are an efficient way to transform a spin induced magnetoelectric into a multiglass (spin and dipolar) state. - Graphical abstract: The P(T) curves evidencing the aging effect on polarization in CuCr{sub 0.5}V{sub 0.5}O{sub 2}: E=135 kV/m is applied during cooling at different temperatures. The P values and the inflection point of the transition depend on the poling temperature suggesting a relaxor behaviour. This effect related to the spin glass state is not observed for the lowest vanadium content. - Highlights: • Samples of the CuCr{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 2} series have been studied. • The V content increase induces a change from antiferromagnetism to spin glass. • A behavior characterisitic of a spin and dipole glass is demonstrated. • The ferroelectricity is shown to go from spin induced to relaxor. • Competing magnetic interactions are efficient way to generate multiglass state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

MAGNETIC FIELDS AND COSMIC-RAY ANISOTROPIES AT TeV ENERGIES

Several cosmic-ray (CR) observatories have provided high-accuracy maps of the sky at TeV-PeV energies. The data reveal an O(0.1%) deficit from north galactic directions that peaks at 10 TeV and then evolves with the energy, together with other anisotropies at smaller angular scales. Using the Boltzmann equation, we derive expressions for the CR flux that fit these features. The anisotropies depend on the local interstellar magnetic field B{sub IS}, on the average galactic field B{sub R} in our vicinity, and on correlations between fluctuating quantities. We show that the initial dipole anisotropy along B{sub IS} can be modulated by changes in the global CR flow, and that a variation in the dipole direction would imply a given radius of coherence for the local B{sub IS}. We also show that small- and medium-scale anisotropies may appear when the full-sky anisotropy finds a field configuration acting as a magnetic lens.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Connection stiffness and dynamical docking process of flux pinned spacecraft modules

This paper describes a novel kind of potential flux pinned docking system that consists of guidance navigation and control system, the traditional extrusion type propulsion system, and a flux pinned docking interface. Because of characteristics of passive stability of flux pinning, the docking control strategy of flux pinned docking system only needs a series of sequential control rather than necessary active feedback control, as well as avoidance of hazardous collision accident. The flux pinned force between YBaCuO (YBCO) high temperature superconductor bulk and permanent magnet is able to be given vent based on the identical current loop model and improved image dipole model, which can be validated experimentally. Thus, the connection stiffness between two flux pinned spacecraft modules can be calculated based on Hooke's law. This connection stiffness matrix at the equilibrium position has the positive definite performance, which can validate the passively stable connection of two flux pinned spacecraft modules theoretically. Furthermore, the relative orbital dynamical equation of two flux pinned spacecraft modules can be established based on Clohessy-Wiltshire's equations and improved image dipole model. The dynamical docking process between two flux pinned spacecraft modules can be obtained by way of numerical simulation, which suggests the feasibility of flux pinned docking system.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Magnetic field mapping of inaccessible regions using physics-informed neural networks

A difficult problem concerns the determination of magnetic field components within an experimentally inaccessible region when direct field measurements are not feasible. In this paper, we propose a new method of accessing magnetic field components using non-disruptive magnetic field measurements on a surface enclosing the experimental region. Magnetic field components in the experimental region are predicted by solving a set of partial differential equations (Ampere’s law and Gauss’ law for magnetism) numerically with the aid of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). Prediction errors due to noisy magnetic field measurements and small number of magnetic field measurements are regularized by the physics information term in the loss function. We benchmark our model by comparing it with an older method. The new method we present will be of broad interest to experiments requiring precise determination of magnetic field components, such as searches for the neutron electric dipole moment.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Comparison of double-quantum NMR normalization schemes to measure homonuclear dipole-dipole interactions

A recent implementation of a double-quantum (DQ) recoupling solid-state NMR experiment, dubbed DQ-DRENAR, provides a quantitative measure of homonuclear dipole-dipole coupling constants in multispin-1/2 systems. It was claimed to be more robust than another, previously known experiment relying on the recording of point-by-point normalized DQ build-up curves. Focusing on the POST-C7 and BaBa-xy16 DQ pulse sequences, I here present an in-depth comparison of both approaches based upon spin-dynamics simulations, stressing that they are based upon very similar principles and that they are largely equivalent when no imperfections are present. With imperfections, it is found that DQ-DRENAR/POST-C7 does not fully compensate for additional signal dephasing related to chemical shifts (CS) and their anisotropy (CSA), which over-compensates the intrinsic CS(A)-related efficiency loss of the DQ Hamiltonian and leads to an apparent cancellation effect. The simulations further show that the CS(A)-related dephasing in DQ-DRENAR can be removed by another phase cycle step or an improved super-cycled wideband version. Only the latter, or the normalized DQ build-up, are unaffected by CS(A)-related signal loss and yield clean pure dipolar-coupling information subject to unavoidable, pulse sequence specific performance reduction related to higher-order corrections of the dipolar DQ Hamiltonian. The intrinsically super-cycled BaBa-xy16 is shown to exhibit virtually no CS(A) related imperfection terms, but its dipolar performance is somewhat more challenged by CS(A) effects than POST-C7, which can however be compensated when applied at very fast MAS (>50 kHz). Practically, DQ-DRENAR uses a clever phase cycle separation to achieve a significantly shorter experimental time, which can also be beneficially employed in normalized DQ build-up experiments.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Blob-hole correlation model for edge turbulence and comparisons with NSTX gas puff imaging data [Blob-hole correlation model for edge turbulence and comparisons with NSTX GPI data]

We report that gas puff imaging (GPI) observations made in NSTX have revealed two-point spatial correlations of edge and scrape-off layer turbulence in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. A common feature is the occurrence of dipole-like patterns with significant regions of negative correlation. In this paper, we explore the possibility that these dipole patterns may be due to blob-hole pairs. Statistical methods are applied to determine the two-point spatial correlation that results from a model of blob-hole pair formation. It is shown that the model produces dipole correlation patterns that are qualitatively similar to the GPI data in several respects. Effects of the reference location (confined surfaces or scrape-off layer), a superimposed random background, hole velocity and lifetime, and background sheared flows are explored and discussed with respect to experimental observations. Additional analysis of the experimental GPI dataset is performed to further test this blob-hole correlation model. A time delay two-point spatial correlation study did not reveal inward propagation of the negative correlation structures that were postulated to correspond to holes in the data nor did it suggest that the negative correlation structures are due to neutral shadowing. However, tracking of the highest and lowest values (extrema) of the normalized GPI fluctuations shows strong evidence for mean inward propagation of minima and outward propagation of maxima, in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations. Finally, other properties of the experimentally observed extrema are discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Volcanic stratigraphy and age model of the Kimama deep borehole (Project Hotspot): Evidence for 5.8 million years of continuous basalt volcanism, central Snake River Plain, Idaho

The Snake River Plain of central Idaho represents the world’s best example of a mantle hotspot track impinging upon continental crust and provides a record of bimodal volcanism extending over 12 Ma to the present. Project Hotspot recovered almost 2 km of continuous drill core from the Kimama borehole, located in central Idaho on the axial volcanic zone. The Kimama drill core represents the most complete record of mafic volcanism along the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain hotspot track. A total of 432 basalt flow units, representing 183 basalt flows, 78 basalt flow groups, and 34 super groups, along with 42 sediment interbeds are recognized using volcanic facies observations, stratigraphic relationships, borehole geophysical logs, and paleosecular variation in magnetostratigraphy. Rhyolite and other non-basaltic volcanic materials were not encountered in the drill core. Ages for six basalt lava flows were determined by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar using incremental heating experiments. Paleomagnetic inclination was measured on over 1200 samples collected at roughly 2-m-depth intervals, yielding mean values of paleosecular variation between ±50° to ±70° in Kimama flow groups, close to the expected 61° axial dipole average for the Kimama borehole location. Twenty-three magnetic reversals were identified and correlated to dated geomagnetic chrons and subchrons and compared with the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar radiometric ages. A linear fit to 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates, geomagnetic chron and subchron boundaries, and volcanogenic zircon U-Pb ages defines a mean accumulation rate of ~320 m/m.y. and extrapolates to a bottom hole age of 6.3 Ma. Average thicknesses of lithologic units increase from 2.7 m (sediment), 4 m (flow units), 10 m (flows), 23 m (flow groups), to 53 m (super groups). On average, one lava flow inundated the Kimama borehole location every 33 k.y. Intercalated sediments, ranging from 0.06 to 24.5 m thick, make up roughly 6% of the drill core and indicate lulls in local volcanic activity that may have lasted up to 77 k.y. Neutron and gamma-ray logs supplement observations from the drill cores: neutron logs document individual flow units through the contrast between massive flow interiors and more porous flow surfaces, and gamma-ray logs document the depth and thickness of sedimentary interbeds and high–K-Fe basalts. The 5.8 m.y. duration of basaltic volcanism in the Kimama drill core implies a steady rate of volcanism, indicating a relatively stable rate of mantle upflow along the lithosphere-mantle boundary in the wake of Yellowstone–Snake River Plain plume volcanism.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Transition energy measurements of the X-ray lines of neon-like europium

Here, we report the measurements of the n = 3 → n = 2 L-shell X-ray transitions of neon-like Eu 53+ . These include all seven allowed electric dipole (E1) transitions, five electric quadrupole (E2) transitions, and one magnetic quadrupole (M2) transition. The measurements were carried out at the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap facility at Livermore using an X-ray calorimeter. The measured values agree with many-body perturbation theory calculations within the experimental uncertainties. This includes the transitions that involve a 2s electron and that are, therefore, strongly affected by quantum electrodynamical effects.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Blob-hole correlation model for edge turbulence and comparisons with NSTX GPI data

Gas puff imaging (GPI) observations made in NSTX [Zweben S J, et al., 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 102509] have revealed two-point spatial correlations of edge and scrape-off layer turbulence in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. A common feature is the occurrence of dipole-like patterns with significant regions of negative correlation. In this paper, we explore the possibility that these dipole patterns may be due to blob-hole pairs. Statistical methods are applied to determine the two-point spatial correlation that results from a model of blob-hole pair formation. It is shown that the model produces dipole correlation patterns that are qualitatively similar to the GPI data in several respects. Effects of the reference location (confined surfaces or scrape-off layer), a superimposed random background, hole velocity and lifetime, and background sheared flows are explored and discussed with respect to experimental observations. Additional analysis of the experimental GPI dataset is performed to further test this blob-hole correlation model. A time delay two-point spatial correlation study did not reveal inward propagation of the negative correlation structures that were postulated to correspond to holes in the data nor did it suggest that the negative correlation structures are due to neutral shadowing. However, tracing of the highest and lowest values (extrema) of the normalized GPI fluctuations shows strong evidence for mean inward propagation of minima and outward propagation of maxima, in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations. Other properties of the experimentally observed extrema are discussed.

Myra, J R↗
DOE OSTI2013

Magnetic Bunch Compression for a Compact Compton Source

A compact electron accelerator suitable for Compton source applications is in design at the Center for Accelerator Science at Old Dominion University and Jefferson Lab. Here we discuss two options for transverse magnetic bunch compression and final focus, each involving a 4-dipole chicane with M_{56} tunable over a range of 1.5-2.0m with independent tuning of final focus to interaction point $\beta$*=5mm. One design has no net bending, while the other has net bending of 90 degrees and is suitable for compact corner placement.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Electron beam control for barely separated beams

A method for achieving independent control of multiple beams in close proximity to one another, such as in a multi-pass accelerator where coaxial beams are at different energies, but moving on a common axis, and need to be split into spatially separated beams for efficient recirculation transport. The method for independent control includes placing a magnet arrangement in the path of the barely separated beams with the magnet arrangement including at least two multipole magnets spaced closely together and having a multipole distribution including at least one odd multipole and one even multipole. The magnetic fields are then tuned to cancel out for a first of the barely separated beams to allow independent control of the second beam with common magnets. The magnetic fields may be tuned to cancel out either the dipole component or tuned to cancel out the quadrupole component in order to independently control the separate beams.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Critical problems of energy frontier Muon Colliders: optics, magnets and radiation

This White Paper brings together our previous studies on a Muon Collider (MC) and presents a design concept of the 6 TeV MC optics, the superconducting (SC) magnets, and a preliminary analysis of the protection system to reduce magnet radiation loads as well as particle backgrounds in the detector. The SC magnets and detector protection considerations impose strict limitations on the lattice choice, hence the design of the collider optics, magnets and Machine Detector Interface (MDI) are closely intertwined. As a first approximation we use the Interaction Region (IR) design with beta-star=3 mm, whereas for the arcs we re-scale the arc cell design of the 3 TeV MC. Traditional cos-theta coil geometry and Nb3Sn superconductor were used to provide field maps for the analysis and optimization of the arc lattice and IR design, as well as for studies of beam dynamics and magnet protection against radiation. The stress management in the coil will be needed to avoid large degradation or even damage of the brittle SC coils. In the assumed IR designs, the dipoles close to the Interaction Point (IP) and tungsten masks in each IR (to protect magnets) help reducing background particle fluxes in the detector by a substantial factor. The tungsten nozzles in the 6 to 600 cm region from the IP, assisted by the detector solenoid field, trap most of the decay electrons created close to the IP as well as most of the incoherent electron-positron pairs generated in the IP. With sophisticated tungsten, iron, concrete and borated polyethylene shielding in the MDI region, the total reduction of background loads by more than three orders of magnitude can be achieved.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Excitons in Bilayer MoS 2 Displaying a Colossal Electric Field Splitting and Tunable Magnetic Response

van der Waals heterostructures composed of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (TMDCs) are characterized by their truly rich excitonic properties which are determined by their structural, geometric, and electronic properties: In contrast to pure monolayers, electrons and holes can be hosted in different materials, resulting in highly tunable dipolar many-particle complexes. However, for genuine spatially indirect excitons, the dipolar nature is usually accompanied by a notable quenching of the exciton oscillator strength. Via electric and magnetic field dependent measurements, we demonstrate that a slightly biased pristine bilayer MoS 2 hosts strongly dipolar excitons, which preserve a strong oscillator strength. We scrutinize their giant dipole moment, and shed further light on their orbital and valley physics via bias-dependent magnetic field measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing the sterile neutrino dipole portal with SN1987A and low-energy supernovae

Beyond the Standard Model electromagnetic properties of neutrinos may lead to copious production of sterile neutrinos in the hot and dense core of a core-collapse supernova. In this work, we focus on the active-sterile transition magnetic moment portal for heavy sterile neutrinos. Firstly, we revisit the SN1987A cooling bounds for dipole portal using the integrated luminosity method, which yields more reliable results (especially in the trapping regime) compared to the previously explored via emissivity loss, also known as the Raffelt criterion. Secondly, we obtain strong bounds on the dipole coupling strength reaching as low as 10 − 11 GeV − 1 from energy deposition, i.e., constrained from the observation of explosion energies of underluminous Type IIP supernovae. In addition, we find that sterile neutrino production from Primakoff upscattering off of a proton dominates over scattering off of an electron for low sterile neutrino masses. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2017

Deep Controlled Source Electro-Magnetic Sensing: A Cost Effective, Long-Term Tool for Sequestration Monitoring

The proposed system was designed to operate as a permanent, autonomous monitoring and data collection system that can provide much higher temporal data density than can be achieved economically with 3-Dimensional (3D) seismic surveys. It can operate over broad areas for long periods of time providing full 3D data sets on a monthly basis at a very low cost. By borrowing techniques commonly used in marine CSEM, structural information from background seismic surveys can be incorporated into the CSEM modeling to provide high resolution models of CO 2 progression within reservoirs. The system uses borehole-based vertical-electric-dipole sources placed at reservoir depths in the formation. The electric and magnetic fields induced by this source are received on the surface using an array of stations. The project was conducted in three phases. Phase I demonstrated the feasibility of the system to collect static/reference data at the Ketzin CO 2 storage pilot site in Germany. In Phase I, numerical modeling was used to determine the optimal configurations and requirements for sensor sensitivity and data accuracy. Based on the model results, existing hardware and software were modified. The CSEM system was then field tested at the Ketzin site. The data were imaged and the results were compared with independent studies of the reservoir and overburden geo-electrical characteristics. Phase II demonstrated the ability to provide sensitive, cost-effective measurement of changes in reservoir properties and changes in the overlying formations using a second round of measurements at the Ketzin site. A prototype autonomous recording system was developed and tested as a subset of the measurement points. Phase III of the project quantified the advantages (and disadvantages) of the fully autonomous data collection subsystems by comparing them with repeated measurements made with mobile stations. The Phase III also provided an additional time point in measuring post-closure changes in and above the Ketzin CO 2 injection site. Validation of the CSEM field survey results were completed using a method such as other alternative and available field site data.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Magnetodielectric Relaxation in Ho{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Dy{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} Spin Ice

Materials having magnetoelectricity is one of the highest priority research topics for the development of novel multifunctional materials. Recently, Ho{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Dy{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} pyrochlores show the coexistence of ferroelectricity with complex magnetism. The present study shows that these spin ices show an anomalous nature of relaxation taking place at ~ 4 K. Arrhenius nature of frequency dispersion behavior and order of characteristic relaxation time τ{sub 0} suggest that observed relaxation is associated with non-interacting electric dipoles induced by lattice distortions. These lattice distortions are associated with prevailing 3in-1out spin structure via magnetostriction mechanism, thus enabling the control of ferroelectricity though magnetism.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

THE BRAKING INDEX OF A RADIO-QUIET GAMMA-RAY PULSAR

We report the discovery and timing measurements of PSR J1208−6238, a young and highly magnetized gamma-ray pulsar, with a spin period of 440 ms. The pulsar was discovered in gamma-ray photon data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during a blind-search survey of unidentified LAT sources, running on the distributed volunteer computing system Einstein@Home . No radio pulsations were detected in dedicated follow-up searches with the Parkes radio telescope, with a flux density upper limit at 1369 MHz of 30 μ Jy. By timing this pulsar’s gamma-ray pulsations, we measure its braking index over five years of LAT observations to be n = 2.598 ± 0.001 ± 0.1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second estimates the bias due to timing noise. Assuming its braking index has been similar since birth, the pulsar has an estimated age of around 2700 years, making it the youngest pulsar to be found in a blind search of gamma-ray data and the youngest known radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar. Despite its young age, the pulsar is not associated with any known supernova remnant or pulsar wind nebula. The pulsar’s inferred dipolar surface magnetic field strength is 3.8 × 10{sup 13} G, almost 90% of the quantum-critical level. We investigate some potential physical causes of the braking index deviating from the simple dipole model but find that LAT data covering a longer time interval will be necessary to distinguish between these.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development and test of a large-aperture Nb3Sn cos-theta dipole coil with stress management

The stress-managed cos-theta (SMCT) coil is a new concept which was proposed and is being developed at Fermilab in the framework of US Magnet Development Program (US-MDP) for high-field and/or large-aperture accelerator magnets based on low-temperature and high-temperature superconductors. A 120-mm aperture two-layer Nb3Sn SMCT dipole coil has been developed at Fermilab to demonstrate and test the SMCT concept including coil design, fabrication technology and performance. The first SMCT demo coil was fabricated and assembled with 60-mm aperture Nb3Sn coil inside a dipole mirror configuration and tested separately and in series with the insert coil. This paper summarizes the design, parameters, and quench performance of the 120-mm aperture SMCT coil in a dipole mirror configuration.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗