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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Moore Machine Motion Controls Refurbishment Statement of Work and Specification

Diamond Turning Machines known as “Moore” machines are used in the production of Potassium diHydrogen Phosphate (KDP) optics required for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These machines are owned by the Department of Energy, as provided by Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC (LLNS). Moore Machines 1 and 2 are located at the Gooch & Housego (G&H) facility in Highland Heights, OH. The existing Aerotech motion controllers, motor drivers/amplifiers, input/output (I/O) hardware, control computer, software user interface, human machine interface (HMI), cabling, and encoders are beyond service life and require replacement. This Statement of Work (SoW) defines the motion control system refurbishment requirements for the Moore diamond turning machines designated Moore 1 and Moore 2. The motion controls system design shall include a motion control computer, control software, motor drive amplifiers and controllers, linear scale encoders, rotary encoders, HMI, power distribution, emergency stop (E-Stop) and interlocks, cabling, switches, solenoids, transducers, sensors, actuators, ancillary system interfaces, and related components necessary for a complete machine tool control system. The Subcontractor shall include effort to standardize systems between the two machines if reasonably possible.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Remote Instrumentation and Data Acquisition

This poster outlines the development and implementation of a remote data acquisition system for waveform analysis using a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope. The project involved capturing waveform data, and transferring it to a local machine for visualization and analysis. The core logic was developed in C++ with a focus on object oriented programming and the use of polymorphism so the main application can interact with any instrument without knowing its exact type, simplifying the overall logic and making it easier to add or swap out components without changing the rest of the codebase.. The system issues Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) via a socket connection and parses the oscilloscope s ASCII waveform data. The C++ application was containerized using Docker for ease of portability, and reproducibility. Emphasis was placed on secure networking practices, error handling, and effective data capture. The report describes the technical steps taken, challenges encountered, and future work, providing insight into the practical integration of hardware interfacing with remote computational environments.

Parikh, Jaymil [Illinois U., Urbana]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerating discoveries at DIII-D with the Integrated Research Infrastructure

DIII-D research is being accelerated by leveraging high performance computing (HPC) and data resources available through the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Superfacility initiative. As part of this initiative, a high-resolution, fully automated, whole discharge kinetic equilibrium reconstruction workflow was developed that runs at the NERSC for most DIII-D shots in under 20 min. This has eliminated a long-standing research barrier and opened the door to more sophisticated analyses, including plasma transport and stability. These capabilities would benefit from being automated and executed within the larger Department of Energy Advanced Scientific Computing Research program’s Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) framework. The goal of IRI is to empower researchers to meld DOE’s world-class research tools, infrastructure, and user facilities seamlessly and securely in novel ways to radically accelerate discovery and innovation. For transport, we are looking at producing flux matched profiles and also using particle tracing to predict fast ion heat deposition from neutral beam injection before a shot takes place. Our starting point for evaluating plasma stability focuses on the pedestal limits that must be navigated to achieve better confinement. This information is meant to help operators run more effective experiments, so it needs to be available rapidly inside the DIII-D control room. So far this has been achieved by ensuring the data is available with existing tools, but as more novel results are produced new visualization tools must be developed. In addition, all of the high-quality data we have generated has been collected into databases that can unlock even deeper insights. This has already been leveraged for model and code validation studies as well as for developing AI/ML surrogates. The workflows developed for this project are intended to serve as prototypes that can be replicated on other experiments and can be run to provide timely and essential information for ITER, as well as next stage fusion power plants.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Electric Vehicle Extreme Fast Charging Infrastructure

This document is the Cybersecurity Framework Profile (Profile) developed for the Electric Vehicle Extreme Fast Charging (EV/XFC) ecosystem, including the four domains that relies on the ecosystem (i) Electric Vehicles (EV); (ii) Extreme Fast Charging (XFC); (iii) XFC Cloud or Third-Party Operations; and (iv) Utility and Building Networks. This Profile utilizes the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1 and provides voluntary guidance to help relevant parties develop Profiles specific to their organization to understand, assess, and communicate their cybersecurity posture as a part of their risk management process. The Profile is intended to supplement, not replace, an existing risk management program or cybersecurity standards, regulations, and industry guidelines that are in current use by the EV/XFC industry.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Muon-Computed Tomography using POCA Trajectory for Imaging Spent Nuclear Fuel in Dry Storage Casks

Cosmic ray muon-computed tomography (μCT) is a new imaging modality with unique characteristics that can be particularly important for applications in nuclear proliferation detection and international treaty verification. Using cosmic ray muons for nuclear security presents several potential advantages. Among others, muons are generated naturally in the atmosphere, can penetrate high-density materials, and are freely available. No radiological sources are required and consequently there is no associated radiological dose. Recently, the feasibility of using muons for imaging spent nuclear fuel stored in shielded casks has been explored and has been proved beneficial. However, challenges in μCT imaging include low muon flux of ~10,000 muons/m2/min, the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) blurring the image, and inefficiency in being able to use all recorded muons for imaging. In this paper, we argue that the use of muon tracing should produce tomographic muon images with improved quality – or more quickly for the same image quality – compared to the case where conventional methods are used. In our paper, we report on the development and assessment of a novel muon tracing method for μCT. The proposed method back projects the muon’s scattering angle into each pixel crossed by its PoCA trajectory then forward projects the variance of the scattering angle in each pixel to detector bins along the muon’s incident horizontal direction. Two scenarios were simulated to assess the expected detection capability of this proposed method. GEANT4 was used to model the main characteristics of 1-60 GeV muons through matter. The simulated images showed an expected improvement in resolution and a reduced the reliance on the muon momentum information compared to a more conventional muon tomography method.

Liu, Zhengzhi↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enhancing obfuscation of digital content through use of linear error correction codes

Technologies related to enhancing security of digital content are described. Linear error correction codes (LECCs) are employed for dual purposes: 1) to obfuscate digital content; and 2) to verify integrity of the digital content. A transmitter computing system obfuscates digital content based upon an obfuscation protocol, wherein the obfuscated digital content includes an LECC. A receiver computing system deobfuscates the digital content by performing the inverse of the obfuscation protocol.

Corral, Celestino A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Remote Instrumentation and Data Acquisition: An Internship Research Report

This report outlines the development and implementation of a remote data acquisition system for waveform analysis using a Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope. The project involved capturing waveform data, and transferring it to a local machine for visualization and analysis. The core logic was developed in C++ with a focus on object oriented programming and the use of polymorphism so the main application can interact with any instrument without knowing its exact type, simplifying the overall logic and making it easier to add or swap out components without changing the rest of the codebase.. The system issues Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) via a socket connection and parses the oscilloscope’s ASCII waveform data. The C++ application was containerized using Docker for ease of portability, and reproducibility. Emphasis was placed on secure networking practices, error handling, and effective data capture. The report describes the technical steps taken, challenges encountered, and lessons learned, providing insight into the practical integration of hardware interfacing with remote computational environments.

Parikh, Jaymil [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2018

Electronic Medical Record Integration for Streamlined DXA Reporting

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most frequently performed examination to assess bone mineral density in clinical practice. Aside from images and graphical displays, many numerical values are part of DXA reports. These values are typically manually entered into the formal report through the electronic medical record or PACS workstation. The process takes time and is prone to errors. Exporting the DXA numerical data via HL7 engine to the electronic medical record was proposed to improve reporting efficiency and accuracy. The output from the DXA unit computer was reconfigured to export the report content via the HL7 interface engine into the electronic medical record. Radiology interpretive reporting was subsequently done directly in the electronic medical record. In the evaluation of errors, 100 preliminary DXA reports before the change and 100 after the change were examined. These reports were analyzed for errors that included decimal change, number transposition, negative number issue, other incorrect number error, and failure to include prior exam for comparison. In addition, report turnaround times were evaluated before and after the changes were made. Reporting time evaluations included 1-year volume prior to change (3915 reports) and 1 month post-change (206 reports). Of 100 DEXA exams before the change, 15 final reports contained 25 numerical errors. After the change, no numerical errors in the reports were identified. Exam end to final report time decreased from 2159 to 625 min on average. Automating data transmittal from the DXA modality for report generation improves accuracy and turnaround time. This approach did not require any third party software, and healthcare information security concerns were negated since we are using our standard workstations. Secondary to the affordability and applicability to the large percentage of the population using electronic medical record systems, this type of automated workflow is recommended.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Strengthening LLNL Missions through Laboratory Directed Research and Development in High Performance Computing

High performance computing (HPC) has been a defining strength of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) since its founding. Livermore scientists have designed and used some of the world’s most powerful computers to drive breakthroughs in nearly every mission area. Today, the Laboratory is recognized as a world leader in the application of HPC to complex science, technology, and engineering challenges. Most importantly, HPC has been integral to the National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA’s) Stockpile Stewardship Program—designed to ensure the safety, security, and reliability of our nuclear deterrent without nuclear testing. A critical factor behind Lawrence Livermore’s preeminence in HPC is the ongoing investments made by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program in cutting-edge concepts to enable efficient utilization of these powerful machines. Congress established the LDRD Program in 1991 to maintain the technical vitality of the Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories. Since then, LDRD has been, and continues to be, an essential tool for exploring anticipated needs that lie beyond the planning horizon of our programs and for attracting the next generation of talented visionaries. Through LDRD, Livermore researchers can examine future challenges, propose and explore innovative solutions, and deliver creative approaches to support our missions. The present scientific and technical strengths of the Laboratory are, in large part, a product of past LDRD investments in HPC. Here, we provide seven examples of LDRD projects from the past decade that have played a critical role in building LLNL’s HPC, computer science, mathematics, and data science research capabilities, and describe how they have impacted LLNL’s mission.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Computational Safeguards Analysis of PWR Spent Nuclear Fuel in Dry Storage - 17435

The master plan for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management in Korea recently adopted by Korean atomic energy promotion council. According to the master plan, the detailed practical and R and D strategies for SNF transferring, storage and disposal should be determined in the near future. Besides, it is also necessary to make plan how to secure SNF at each step in terms of nuclear safeguards, safety, security and nonproliferation. Several nondestructive analysis (NDA) techniques have been studied for assuring the safety of SNF in PWR methods. Obviously, gamma-ray is most dominant radiation emitted by SNF so several gamma-ray measurement methods have been developed and applied for the purpose of SNF monitoring. Those methods, however, suffer from a lack of nuclear data and interfering background radiation. To date, several neutron measurement methods have been developed as a solution to the problem of gamma-ray methods. Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control (KINAC) currently develops a new novel technique of fast neutron detection for spent fuel monitoring at dry spent fuel storage facilities. As the first step, a computational program has been developed in order to evaluate neutron flux on the surface of PWR dry storage cask and study for some potential sabotage events. Typically, neutron flux on the surface of dry storage cask can be evaluated via two steps. The source term, based on burn-up rate of SNF, its cooling time and others related to operation condition at nuclear power plants, can be firstly defined by ORIGEN code. The surface flux can be then evaluated via MCNP code. These two separated steps are complicated and time consuming so KINAC developed a new algorithm and user-interface, coupled ORIGEN and MCNP. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Computational Modeling and Simulation for Nonproliferation: The History (and Present) of Monte Carlo and the MCNP(R) Code at Los Alamos [Slides]

The emergence of the Monte Carlo method as a research tool springs from work done at Los Alamos in the 1940s.Monte Carlo and the MCNP Code have been and continue to be developed at Los Alamos for many decades. From basic science in support of understanding nuclear interaction physics to global security applications, application uses of the code are extensive. Recent R&D projects and code modernization efforts make the MCNP code a great tool for nuclear nonproliferation applications. In collaboration with nuclear safeguards experts, new training has just recently been developed to help new practitioners learn how to use the code for nuclear safeguards applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Vulnerability Assessments for Power-Electronics-Based Smart Grids

Here, in this paper, a novel method is proposed to evaluate the cyber security of the power-electronics-based smart grids (PESG). The proposed method considers the performance and stability of both the individual inverter and the grid. To our knowledge, this is a first attempt to evaluate the performance and stability of PESG due to cyber attacks. We first develop impedance-based modeling and cyber-attack modeling for PESG. Then we propose innovative two security criteria to evaluate the security of PESG, including stability-based and metrics-based. For metrics-based criteria, we propose to use both total harmonic distortion (THD) and space phasor model (SPM) to evaluate the inverter performance. The simulation results with a two-inverter-based power grid verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed security evaluation method. Results have shown that the performance and stability of PESG are significantly affected by cyber attacks, and thus there is indeed a need to further study cyber security issues of PESG.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Analytic Analysis for Dynamic System Frequency in Power Systems Under Uncertain Variability

In this paper, a new systematic method is proposed to analyze the system frequency in power systems under uncertain variability (UV). UV gradually increases in power systems, which originates from the renewable energy generation, random loads, frequency measurement, and communication channels, exerting noteworthy impacts on dynamic system frequency. The UV is modeled as a stochastic process in this paper. Then, the stochastic differential equations are used to describe the dynamic system frequency response (SFR) of a power system under UV, which is based on the SFR model. To assess system frequency dynamics under UV, an index of intra-range probability is put forward. Based on stochastic analysis theory, an analytic method is proposed to analyze the system frequency under UV, by which the intra-range probability can be analytically solved. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation in a typical SFR case and the Iceland electricity transmission network, the proposed method shows almost the same results using much less computation resource. Finally, insights for improving the SFR under UV are provided. The proposed method can be used to quickly verify whether the system frequency could withstand the UV and stay in the security range.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Development of A Self Biased High Efficiency Solid-State Neutron Detector for MPACT Applications

Neutron detection is an important aspect of materials protection, accounting, and control for transmutation (MPACT). Currently He-3 filled thermal neutron detectors are utilized in many applications; these detectors require high-voltage bias for operation, which complicates the system when multiple detectors are used. In addition, due to recent increase in homeland security activity and the nuclear renaissance, there is a shortage of He-3, and these detectors become more expensive. Instead, cheap solid-state detectors that can be mass produced like any other computer chips will be developed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2018

Chance-Constrained Optimization for Critical Infrastructure Protection

Stochastic optimization deals with making highly reliable decisions under uncertainty. Chance constraints are a crucial tool of stochastic optimization to develop mathematical optimization models; they form the backbone of many important national security data science applications. These include critical infrastructure resiliency, cyber security, power system operations, and disaster relief management. However, existing algorithms to solve chance-constrained optimization models are severely limited by problem size and structure. In this investigative study, we (i) develop new algorithms to approximate chance-constrained optimization models, (ii) demonstrate the application of chance-constraints to a national security problem, and (iii) investigate related stochastic optimization problems. We believe our work will pave way for new research is stochastic optimization as well as secure national infrastructures against unforeseen attacks.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗