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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Oncentra brachytherapy planning system

In modern cancer management, treatment planning has progressed as a contemporary tool with all the advances in computing power in recent years. One of the advanced planning tools uses 3-dimensional (3D) data sets for accurate dose distributions in patient prescription. Among these planning processes, brachytherapy has been a very important part of a successful cancer management program, offering clinical benefits with specific or combined treatments with external beam therapy. In this chapter, we mainly discussed the Elekta Oncentra planning system, which is the main treatment planning tool for high-dose rate (HDR) modality in our facility and in many other facilities in the United States. HDR is a technically advanced form of brachytherapy; a high-intensity radiation source (3.6 mm in length) is delivered with step motor in submillimeter precision under computer guidance directly into the tumor areas while minimizing injury to surrounding normal healthy tissue. Oncentra planning is the key component to generate a deliverable brachytherapy procedure, which is executed on the microSelectron V3 remote afterloader treatment system. Creating a highly conformal plan can be a time-consuming task. The development of Oncentra software (version 4.5.3) offers a variety of useful tools that facilitate many of the clinical challenging tasks for planning, such as contouring and image reconstruction, as well as rapid planning calculations with dose and dose volume histogram analysis. Oncentra Brachy module creates workflow and optimizes the planning accuracy for wide varieties of clinical HDR treatments, such as skin, gynecologic (GYN), breast, prostate, and many other applications. The treatment file can also be transferred to the afterloader control station for speedy delivery. The design concept, calculation algorithms, and optimization modules presented some key characteristics to plan and treat the patients effectively and accurately. The dose distribution and accuracy of several clinical sample cases were discussed to illustrate the effectiveness and clinical efficacy. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine brachytherapy reports of TG-43 and TG-186 were also described and compared in evaluations of fundamental calculation methodologies.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Using the ATLAS experiment software on heterogeneous resources

With the large dataset expected from 2030 onwards by the HL-LHC at CERN, the ATLAS experiment is reaching the limits of the current data processing model in terms of traditional CPU resources based on x86_64 architectures and an extensive program for software upgrades towards the HL-LHC has been set up. The ARM CPU architecture is becoming a competitive and energy efficient alternative. Accelerators like GPUs are available in any recent HPC. In the past years ATLAS has successfully ported its full data processing and simulation software framework Athena to ARM and has invested significant effort in porting parts of the reconstruction and simulation algorithms to GPUs. We report on the successful usage of the ATLAS experiment offline and online software framework Athena on ARM and GPUs through the PanDA workflow management system at various WLCG sites. Furthermore we report on performance optimizations of the builds for ARM CPUs and the GPU integration efforts. We will discuss performance comparisons of different ARM and x86_64 architectures on WLCG resources and Cloud compute providers like GCP and AWS using ATLAS productions workflows as used in the Hep-Score23 benchmark suite.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

SIDIS-RC EvGen: A Monte-Carlo event generator of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering with the lowest-order QED radiative corrections

SIDIS-RC EvGen is a C++ standalone Monte-Carlo event generator for studies of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes at medium to high lepton beam energies. In particular, the generator contains binary and library components for generating SIDIS events and calculating cross sections for unpolarized or longitudinally polarized beam and unpolarized, longitudinally or transversely polarized target. The structure of the generator incorporates transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions, whereby we obtain multi-dimensional binned simulation results, which will facilitate the extraction of important information about the three-dimensional nucleon structure from SIDIS measurements. In order to build this software, we have used recent elaborate QED calculations of the lowest-order radiative effects, applied to the leading order Born cross section in SIDIS. Here, in this paper, we provide details on the theoretical formalism as well as the construction and operation of SIDIS-RC EvGen, e.g., how we handle the event generation process and perform multi-dimensional integration. We also provide example programs, flowcharts, and numerical results on azimuthal transverse single-spin asymmetries.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Software Defined Architectures for Portability and Performance

The Software Defined Architectures for Portability and Performance (SODAPOP) project developed a co-design framework to partition and map converged applications on specialized heterogeneous architectures. We started from key domain applications that combine scientific simulation with data analytics and machine learning as drivers to integrate our framework. The framework includes high-level compilers that interfaces with high-level programming frameworks, domain-specific optimization passes, and hardware-oriented optimizations. The framework leverages hardware generators to enable specialization and facilitate exploration of custom system designs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

MAMA User Guide v2.0.1

Morphological signatures of bulk SNM materials have significant promise, but these potential signatures are not fully utilized. This document describes software tools, collectively called the MAMA (Morphological Analysis for Material Attribution) software that can help provide robust and accurate quantification of morphological features in bulk material microscopy images (Optical, SEM). Although many of the specific tools are not unique to Mama, the software package has been designed specifically for nuclear material morphological analysis, and is at a point where it can be easily adapted (by Los Alamos or by collaborators) in response to new, different, or changing forensics needs. The current release of the MAMA software only includes the image quantification, descriptions, and annotation functionality. Only limited information on a sample, its pedigree, and its chemistry are recorded inside this part of the software. This was decision based on initial feedback and the fact that there are several analytical chemistry databases being developed within the community. Currently MAMA is a standalone program that can export quantification results in a basic text format that can be imported into other programs such as Excel and Access. There is also a basic report generating feature that produces HTML formatted pages of the same information. We will be working with collaborators to provide better integration of MAMA into their particular systems, databases and workflows.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Upgrading of data acquisition software for centralized radiation monitoring system in Malaysian Nuclear Agency

With the growth of technology, many devices and equipments can be connected to the network and internet to enable online data acquisition for real-time data monitoring and control from monitoring devices located at remote sites. Centralized radiation monitoring system (CRMS) is a system that enables area radiation level at various locations in Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear Malaysia) to be monitored centrally by using a web browser. The Local Area Network (LAN) in Nuclear Malaysia is utilized in CRMS as a communication media for data acquisition of the area radiation levels from radiation detectors. The development of the system involves device configuration, wiring, network and hardware installation, software and web development. This paper describes the software upgrading on the system server that is responsible to acquire and record the area radiation readings from the detectors. The recorded readings are called in a web programming to be displayed on a website. Besides the main feature which is acquiring the area radiation levels in Nuclear Malaysia centrally, the upgrading involves new features such as uniform time interval for data recording and exporting, warning system and dose triggering.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

BioWatch SMS Supervisor Guide

The BioWatch Sample Management System is software developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory to support the Department of Homeland Security BioWatch program. Field Operations Supervisors use the software to record, track, and manage data for the BioWatch sample collection process. This includes installing the software, creating and updating databases, assigning user IDs and passwords, editing and customizing reports, correcting data errors, recovering lost data, and troubleshooting. The BioWatch SMS Field Operations Supervisor Guide provides procedures for each task a Field Operations Supervisor performs. The reference information in this guide includes appendices of error messages and solutions, terms used interchangeably, and safety warnings along with a glossary, an index, and a list of suggested reference documents.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Data Analyst - A Device for Continuous Repeating Real-Time Assay of HPGe, CZT, or Scintillation Gamma Spectra - 18574

There are many situations where a continuous repeating series of quantitative gamma spectral assays is desirable. These include measurements of fluid going through a pipe, of items on a conveyor passing under a detector, a detector aimed at the ground on a moving platform, or a detector in free air as a plume of radioactivity drifts by. While Canberra and many others have built and deployed many of these devices, they have all been custom built for that particular application, and rather expensive. The Data Analyst [DA] is a general purpose device that is designed to fulfill many of these applications without modification, but can be fairly-easily modified if needed. The DA is a small [12 x 18 x 5 cm], low-power [3 W] box that accepts the input from external MCAs, controls the acquisition cycle, analyzes the results, and transmits them to the outside world when needed. The detector-MCAs supported are HPGe with Lynx MCA, NaI or CeBr or LaBr with Osprey MCA, and CZT or CsI with internal MCAs. The DA internal software used for analysis is the full standard Genie analysis software, which is very widely used and well accepted in the industry. This allows exported spectral files to be reviewed and confirmed by Experts, and reanalyzed if needed. The DA hardware is totally autonomous. As soon as power is applied, it starts the pre-programmed sequences of acquisition and analysis. Multiple analysis sequences [called Workflows] can be in operation simultaneously, e.g. with different count times and different nuclide libraries. Only the detector with MCA, and the DA are required in the field. A PC can be connected to the DA locally or remotely via WiFi, USB, or Ethernet. The PC is needed to setup the DA, and to readout the results. The DA also supports [with application-specific programming] external Inputs/Outputs either for recording with the analysis results or for use in the computation of the result, e.g. temperature, flow rate, pressure, ... ]. The DA also has an internal GPS receiver with external antenna. Applications of the DA that are discussed include stack gas effluent activity where a portion of the effluent stream was extracted to flow through a shield with a HPGe detector and Lynx MCA, and measurement of reactor coolant activity where a shielded CZT detector and MCA were aimed at various sections of reactor primary coolant during a maintenance outage. Potential other applications are also described. (author)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

AEDAM: Whole Program Adaptive Error Detection and Mitigation (Final Report)

The overall goals of the AEDAM project were to fundamentally transform software transient-error detection through the design of configurable specialized detectors, quantitative characterization of hardware resilience and software vulnerabilities, and composition of the specialized detectors to most efficiently protect the whole program. Within this scope, UT Austin's research contribution related to enabling and studying the composition of detectors and possible different hardware errors, specifically: (1) developed the Hamartia open-source error injection framework that is designed to make composition studies simple, and (2) develop the methodology and demonstrate the potential benefits of error detector composition.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

MO-AB-BRA-09: Temporally Realistic Manipulation a 4D Biomechanical Lung Phantom for Evaluation of Simultaneous Registration and Segmentation

Purpose: To produce multi-modality compatible, realistic datasets for the joint evaluation of segmentation and registration with a reliable ground truth using a 4D biomechanical lung phantom. The further development of a computer controlled air flow system for recreation of real patient breathing patterns is incorporated for additional evaluation of motion prediction algorithms. Methods: A pair of preserved porcine lungs was pneumatically manipulated using an in-house computer controlled respirator. The respirator consisted of a set of bellows actuated by a 186 W computer controlled industrial motor. Patient breathing traces were recorded using a respiratory bellows belt during CT simulation and input into a control program incorporating a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller in LabVIEW. Mock tumors were created using dual compartment vacuum sealed sea sponges. 65% iohexol,a gadolinium-based contrast agent and 18F-FDG were used to produce contrast and thus determine a segmentation ground truth. The intensity distributions of the compartments were then digitally matched for the final dataset. A bifurcation tracking pipeline provided a registration ground truth using the bronchi of the lung. The lungs were scanned using a GE Discovery-ST PET/CT scanner and a Phillips Panorama 0.23T MRI using a T1 weighted 3D fast field echo (FFE) protocol. Results: The standard deviation of the error between the patient breathing trace and the encoder feedback from the respirator was found to be ±4.2%. Bifurcation tracking error using CT (0.97×0.97×3.27 mm{sup 3} resolution) was found to be sub-voxel up to 7.8 cm displacement for human lungs and less than 1.32 voxel widths in any axis up to 2.3 cm for the porcine lungs. Conclusion: An MRI/PET/CT compatible anatomically and temporally realistic swine lung phantom was developed for the evaluation of simultaneous registration and segmentation algorithms. With the addition of custom software and mock tumors, the entire package offers ground truths for benchmarking performance with high fidelity.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

NSTX-U Advances in Real-Time C++11 on Linux

Programming languages like C and Ada combined with proprietary embedded operating systems have dominated the real-time application space for decades. The new C++11standard includes native, language-level support for concurrency, a required feature for any nontrivial event-oriented real-time software. Threads, Locks, and Atomics now exist to provide the necessary tools to build the structures that make up the foundation of a complex real-time system. The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is breaking new ground with the language as applied to the needs of fusion devices. A new Digital Coil Protection System (DCPS) will serve as the main protection mechanism for the magnetic coils, and it is written entirely in C++11 running on Concurrent Computer Corporation's real-time operating system, RedHawk Linux. It runs over 600 algorithms in a 5 kHz control loop that determine whether or not to shut down operations before physical damage occurs. To accomplish this, NSTX-U engineers developed software tools that do not currently exist elsewhere, including real-time atomic synchronization, real-time containers, and a real-time logging framework. Together with a recent (and carefully configured) version of the GCC compiler, these tools enable data acquisition, processing, and output using a conventional operating system to meet a hard real-time deadline (that is, missing one periodic is a failure) of 200 microseconds.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

The Role of the CEBAF Element Database in Commissioning the 12GeV Accelerator Upgrade

The CEBAF Element Database (CED) was first developed in 2010 as a resource to support model-driven configuration of the Jefferson Lab Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator (CEBAF). Since that time, its uniquely flexible schema design, robust programming interface, and support for multiple concurrent versions has permitted it to evolve into a more broadly useful operational and control system tool. The CED played a critical role before and during the 2013 startup and commissioning of CEBAF following its 18-month long shutdown and upgrade. Information in the CED about hardware components and their relations to one-another facilitated a thorough Hot Checkout process involving more than 18,000 system checks. New software relies on the CED to generate EDM screens for operators on-demand thereby ensuring that the information on those screens is correct and up-to-date. The CED also continues to fulfill its original mission of supporting model-driven accelerator setup. Using the new ced2elegant and eDT (elegant Download Tool), accelerator physicists have proven able to compute and apply energy-dependant set points with greater efficiency than ever before.

Larrieu, T.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Leveraging FPGA Advantages for Quicker Data Processing for LBNF

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will deliver a 2.4 MW muon neutrino beam from Fermilab to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), requiring unprecedented precision in beamline alignment to achieve DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurement goals. Vertical misalignments of beamline components as small as 0.5 mm can contribute 6-7\% uncertainty in predicted neutrino flux, necessitating sub-0.1 mm alignment monitoring capabilities. The Horn Location Sensor (HLS) system employs frequency sweep interferometry (FSI) in a distributed hydrostatic leveling network to achieve the required precision under harsh radiation conditions up to 5000 kRad/year. Traditional FSI implementations suffer from laser sweep nonlinearities that degrade resolution and require computationally intensive post-processing corrections using gas reference cells. This work presents a real-time FPGA-based implementation of the HLS data acquisition and processing system using a sweep tracker interferometer for dynamic sweep linearization. The system utilizes a PYNQ-Z2 FPGA with programmable logic implementing parallel 16k-point FFT processing across four channels, synchronized by the sweep tracker signal to eliminate post-processing requirements. Spectral performance testing demonstrates significant improvements in peak sharpness compared to traditional fixed-frequency digitization. The FPGA implementation enables real-time displacement monitoring with processing speeds orders of magnitude faster than software-based approaches, essential for the operational requirements of LBNF's eventual distributed sensor network. This advancement in real-time FSI processing directly supports DUNE's precision neutrino physics program by providing the rapid feedback necessary for maintaining stringent beamline alignment tolerances during high-power beam operations.

Rossel, Jacob↗
DOE OSTI2025

Real-Time FPGA Implementation For Frequency Sweep Interferometry In The LBNF Complex

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will deliver a 2.4 MW muon neutrino beam from Fermilab to the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), requiring unprecedented precision in beamline alignment to achieve DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurement goals. Vertical misalignments of beamline components as small as 0.5 mm can contribute 6-7\% uncertainty in predicted neutrino flux, necessitating sub-0.1 mm alignment monitoring capabilities. The Horn Location Sensor (HLS) system employs frequency sweep interferometry (FSI) in a distributed hydrostatic leveling network to achieve the required precision under harsh radiation conditions up to 5000 kRad/year. Traditional FSI implementations suffer from laser sweep nonlinearities that degrade resolution and require computationally intensive post-processing corrections using gas reference cells. This work presents a real-time FPGA-based implementation of the HLS data acquisition and processing system using a sweep tracker interferometer for dynamic sweep linearization. The system utilizes a PYNQ-Z2 FPGA with programmable logic implementing parallel 16k-point FFT processing across four channels, synchronized by the sweep tracker signal to eliminate post-processing requirements. Spectral performance testing demonstrates significant improvements in peak sharpness compared to traditional fixed-frequency digitization. The FPGA implementation enables real-time displacement monitoring with processing speeds orders of magnitude faster than software-based approaches, essential for the operational requirements of LBNF's eventual distributed sensor network. This advancement in real-time FSI processing directly supports DUNE's precision neutrino physics program by providing the rapid feedback necessary for maintaining stringent beamline alignment tolerances during high-power beam operations.

Rossel, A. Jacob [Fermilab; Unlisted]↗
DOE OSTI2013

SMS Software Training Exercise 101: SMS and Janam XP20 Data Entry with PSU Collectors

The LANL Sample Management System (SMS) is a software system written in JAVA that supports record keeping associated with handling of media and samples in the BioWatch program. During this portion of the class the instructor will provide: 1. A general overview of what SMS is, 2. How SMS may be configured, 3. How to launch and log-in to SMS, 4. How to accomplish data entry, 5. How to use the Tracking / Exposure History features, 6. How to use the Tracking / Data View and Edit data view features (a. Specifically cover editing a PSU Collector name).

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

A global R&D storage platform implementing distributed Quality of Service [PowerPoint]

The objectives of the program include: Provide facility R&D to match software R&D; Providing a federated system for the optimization of the various storage types (QoS) and reduction of the required manpower to operate storage; and, ''Data lake'': Hiding complexity behind common interfaces and leave it to the distributed lake infrastructure to solve those issues, being: Transpareent change of storage technologies (time, price); and, Data available for low latency access when needed (staging) and safely archived if configured (Long term archive).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Methodological Aspects of Shielding and Activation Analyses for ITER Diagnostics Systems - Paper 125

It is expected that the diagnostics systems of the ITER tokamak will provide valuable measurement data about the first in its kind D-T fusion plasma with emission of 14 MeV neutrons. These systems must withstand the neutron and secondary photon radiation along the ITER operation. Under the neutron irradiation the ITER materials are getting radioactive and therefore an adequate shielding must be provided along all the time of ITER operation and shut-down for the reliable machine operation and for the safe personnel access to its components, such as the diagnostics ports. These are the prerequisites for the shielding and activation analysis of the ITER diagnostics systems discussed in this paper. This paper provides insight into the current tasks of neutronics support for the development of ITER diagnostics systems. The tasks themselves range from relatively straightforward ones such as Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations for shielding analyses of the diagnostics systems, to more advanced tasks of Shut-Down Dose Rate (SDDR) analyses for which the dedicated Rigorous 2-Step mesh-based (R2Smesh) and Direct 1-Step (D1S) methodologies were applied. The accuracy and precision of the ITER neutronics analysis is dependent on the methodological approaches and the implying modeling assumptions. In addition to the SDDR challenges, another distinguishing feature of fusion neutronics is a wide use of CAD-based neutronics modeling to design components of fusion devices such as ITER and DEMO. Basically, there are two possibilities of CAD geometry settings in Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport models, either by the geometry format conversion of CAD models into the format of MC models by means of the interface programs such as McCad and MCAM or by the direct use of CAD geometry engine in MC calculations such as it was realized in the DAGMC code approach. Several conversion interfaces and the DAGMC software library have been tested on the 3D ITER model developed for the CAD-MCNP benchmark. It was concluded that the considered approaches have reached the maturity level to allow their application to real ITER design analyses.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Development of Optimized Controls and Hardware for Synchrotron Hard X-ray Microscopes with Advanced Spectroscopic Capabilities

The technical objectives of the program were to develop an integrated, fully automated command and data interface between the TXM-Wizard developed at SLAC and the Xradia control software that is used on the Xradia Nano-TXM x-ray microscope with the goal of allowing non-experts including industry users to routinely access the advanced imaging modes that employ collection of images with spectroscopic information. The major accomplishment associated with this goal was the development of a plan to convert the TXM-Wizard software from MatLab to Python and the hiring of an expert Python programmer under contract to perform the conversion.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗