Results for “Advanced Diagnostics” — Page 56

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Assessment of ProgPy - An Open-Source Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics Tool

Traditional maintenance programs, such as corrective and preventive strategies, may lead to high costs and operational inefficiencies. Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics (CM&D) aims to improve these maintenance strategies by enabling timely insights into equipment health and performance. However, implementation of CM&D can be challenging without a robust framework that manages data efficiently, supports interoperability and simplifies integration. To address these challenges ProgPy, an open-source Python-based prognostics tool developed by NASA Ames Research Center, offers a structured solution for broader Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) applications. Ongoing research is assessing the feasibility of implementing ProgPy as a Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics (CM&D) solution by comparing its framework to the guidelines for open CM&D systems recommended in the ISO 13374-2 standard. This evaluation aims to highlight ProgPy’s strengths and identify opportunities for improvement, thereby, contributing to its advancement as an effective tool for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). This paper presents the results of an initial assessment of the ProgPy toolbox through a gearbox case study using open-source datasets.

Condition-Monitoring, Diagnostics, Failure, Gearbo↗

DOE OSTI2024

Ultra-High-Speed X-ray Tomography: Bridging the Gaps to See the Unknown

Rapid, time-varying, three-dimensional physics underpin numerous engineering challenges. Often, these physics occur within opaque environments, internal to a component, severely limiting applicable diagnostics. Development of novel diagnostics is necessary to understand and predict transient three-dimensional (3D) phenomena within opaque environments. This report highlights progress in four key areas leading to advancements in high-speed X-ray radiography and tomography. The first area is enabling MHz-rate imaging of energetics at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The second is modeling a high-flux, rotating-anode X-ray source to understand the heat loads on the anode. The third effort was to develop a novel reconstruction algorithm that is validated by ground experimental tomography data and synthetic tomography data. The fourth is the development of a novel approach to two-color X-ray imaging.

42 ENGINEERING↗

NASA NTRS1981

An overview of general aviation propulsion research programs at NASA Lewis Research Center

The review covers near-term improvements for current-type piston engines, as well as studies and limited corroborative research on several advanced g/a engine concepts, including diesels, small turboprops and both piston and rotary stratified-charge engines. Also described is basic combustion research, cycle modeling and diagnostic instrumentation work that is required to make new engines a reality.

Willis, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS1981

An overview of general aviation propulsion research programs at NASA-Lewis Research Center

This paper presents a brief overview and technical highlights of general aviation (g/a) propulsion research efforts and studies which have been underway at NASA's Lewis Research Center (LeRC) for the past several years. The review covers near-term improvements for current-type piston engines, as well as studies and limited corroborative research on several advanced g/a engine concepts, including diesels, small turboprops and both piston and rotary stratified-charge engines. Also described is basic combustion research, cycle modeling and diagnostic instrumentation work that will be required to make the new engines a reality. The discussion emphasizes the most recently-completed studies and the basic underlying research work, which have not been reported previously.

Willis, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS1983

An overview of general aviation propulsion research programs at NASA Lewis Research Center

The review covers near-term improvements for current-type piston engines, as well as studies and limited corroborative research on several advanced g/a engine concepts, including diesels, small turboprops and both piston and rotary stratified-charge engines. Also described is basic combustion research, cycle modeling and diagnostic instrumentation work that is required to make new engines a reality.

Willis, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Development of a Turbofan Engine Simulation in a Graphical Simulation Environment

This paper presents progress on the development of a generic component level model of a turbofan engine simulation, with a digital controller, in an advanced graphical simulation environment. The goal of this effort is to develop and demonstrate a flexible simulation platform for future research in propulsion system control and diagnostic technology. A FORTRAN-based model of a modem, high performance, military-type turbofan engine is being used to validate the platform development. The implementation process required the development of various innovative procedures, which are discussed in the paper. Open-loop and closed-loop comparisons are made between the two simulations. Future enhancements that are to be made to the modular engine simulation are summarized.

Parker, Khary I.↗

NASA NTRS2001

Development of a Turbofan Engine Simulation in a Graphical Simulation Environment

This paper presents progress on the development of a generic component level model of a turbofan engine simulation, with a digital controller, in an advanced graphical simulation environment. The goal of this effort is to develop and demonstrate a flexible simulation platform for future research in propulsion system control and diagnostic technology. A FORTRAN-based model of a modern, high- performance, military-type turbofan engine is being used to validate the platform development. The implementation process required the development of various innovative procedures, which are discussed in the paper. Open-loop and closed-loop comparisons are made between the two simulations. Future enhancements that are to be made to the modular engine simulation are summarized.

Parker, Khary I.↗

NASA NTRS2003

Development of a Turbofan Engine Simulation in a Graphical Simulation Environment

This paper presents the development of a generic component level model of a turbofan engine simulation with a digital controller, in an advanced graphical simulation environment. The goal of this effort is to develop and demonstrate a flexible simulation platform for future research in propulsion system control and diagnostic technology. A previously validated FORTRAN-based model of a modern, high-performance, military-type turbofan engine is being used to validate the platform development. The implementation process required the development of various innovative procedures, which are discussed in the paper. Open-loop and closed-loop comparisons are made between the two simulations. Future enhancements that are to be made to the modular engine simulation are summarized.

Parker, Khary I.↗

NASA NTRS2005

Robotic and Human-Tended Collaborative Drilling Automation for Subsurface Exploration

Future in-situ lunar/martian resource utilization and characterization, as well as the scientific search for life on Mars, will require access to the subsurface and hence drilling. Drilling on Earth is hard - an art form more than an engineering discipline. Human operators listen and feel drill string vibrations coming from kilometers underground. Abundant mass and energy make it possible for terrestrial drilling to employ brute-force approaches to failure recovery and system performance issues. Space drilling will require intelligent and autonomous systems for robotic exploration and to support human exploration. Eventual in-situ resource utilization will require deep drilling with probable human-tended operation of large-bore drills, but initial lunar subsurface exploration and near-term ISRU will be accomplished with lightweight, rover-deployable or standalone drills capable of penetrating a few tens of meters in depth. These lightweight exploration drills have a direct counterpart in terrestrial prospecting and ore-body location, and will be designed to operate either human-tended or automated. NASA and industry now are acquiring experience in developing and building low-mass automated planetary prototype drills to design and build a pre-flight lunar prototype targeted for 2011-12 flight opportunities. A successful system will include development of drilling hardware, and automated control software to operate it safely and effectively. This includes control of the drilling hardware, state estimation of both the hardware and the lithography being drilled and state of the hole, and potentially planning and scheduling software suitable for uncertain situations such as drilling. Given that Humans on the Moon or Mars are unlikely to be able to spend protracted EVA periods at a drill site, both human-tended and robotic access to planetary subsurfaces will require some degree of standalone, autonomous drilling capability. Human-robotic coordination will be important, either between a robotic drill and humans on Earth, or a human-tended drill and its visiting crew. The Mars Analog Rio Tinto Experiment (MARTE) is a current project that studies and simulates the remote science operations between an automated drill in Spain and a distant, distributed human science team. The Drilling Automation for Mars Exploration (DAME) project, by contrast: is developing and testing standalone automation at a lunar/martian impact crater analog site in Arctic Canada. The drill hardware in both projects is a hardened, evolved version of the Advanced Deep Drill (ADD) developed by Honeybee Robotics for the Mars Subsurface Program. The current ADD is capable of 20m, and the DAME project is developing diagnostic and executive software for hands-off surface operations of the evolved version of this drill. The current drill automation architecture being developed by NASA and tested in 2004-06 at analog sites in the Arctic and Spain will add downhole diagnosis of different strata, bit wear detection, and dynamic replanning capabilities when unexpected failures or drilling conditions are discovered in conjunction with simulated mission operations and remote science planning. The most important determinant of future 1unar and martian drilling automation and staffing requirements will be the actual performance of automated prototype drilling hardware systems in field trials in simulated mission operations. It is difficult to accurately predict the level of automation and human interaction that will be needed for a lunar-deployed drill without first having extensive experience with the robotic control of prototype drill systems under realistic analog field conditions. Drill-specific failure modes and software design flaws will become most apparent at this stage. DAME will develop and test drill automation software and hardware under stressful operating conditions during several planned field campaigns. Initial results from summer 2004 tests show seven identifi distinct failure modes of the drill: cuttings-removal issues with low-power drilling into permafrost, and successful steps at executive control and initial automation.

Glass, Brian↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Particulate Emission and Optical Measurements in n-Heptane Low-Swirl Non-Premixed Flames at Elevated Pressures

A series of ground combustion tests conducted at elevated pressures demonstrates in-chamber optical measurements of soot emissions, combined with conventional gaseous and particle emissions sampling techniques. Utilizing a micro-radial-entry counter-swirl (MRX) burner, we successfully stabilized an n-heptane low-swirl, non-premixed spray flame across a wide range of equivalence ratios at pressures reaching 250 psia. Our optical diagnostics feature a temporally gated diffused-backlight illumination extinction imaging (DBI-EI) system, equipped with a 470-nm strobe high-intensity LED array as the illumination source, along with a line-of-sight telecentric camera. By accessing the flame tube, the pulsed DBI-EI provides illuminating optical extinction images, enabling experimental estimation of soot volume fractions within the reaction zone. This imaging technique will allow for real-time observation of soot formation dynamics occurring above the air-blast fuel injector. To further enhance our analysis, we employed simultaneous gaseous and particulate extractive diagnostics, interpreting in-flame particulate information through CO2 sampling, exhaust particle sizing, and particle counting. The processed dataset reveals a promising application of DBI-EI for propulsion emission analysis in high-pressure environments, where optical beam-steering effects can significantly impact results. This report is essential to bridging the divide between in-flame optical diagnostics and exhaust extractive measurements. By achieving an understanding of non-premixed combustion emission characteristics, we attempt to provide invaluable data for computer code validation, advancing the field of combustion research and supporting the development of cleaner, more efficient engines.

high-pressure flame↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Particulate Emission and Optical Measurements in n-Heptane Low-Swirl Non-Premixed Flames at Elevated Pressures

A series of ground combustion tests conducted at elevated pressures demonstrates in-chamber optical measurements of soot emissions, combined with conventional gaseous and particle emissions sampling techniques. Utilizing a micro-radial-entry counter-swirl (MRX) burner, we successfully stabilized an n-heptane low-swirl, non-premixed spray flame across a wide range of equivalence ratios at pressures reaching 250 psia. Our optical diagnostics feature a temporally gated diffused-backlight illumination extinction imaging (DBI-EI) system, equipped with a 470-nm strobe high-intensity LED array as the illumination source, along with a line-of-sight telecentric camera. By accessing the flame tube, the pulsed DBI-EI provides illuminating optical extinction images, enabling experimental estimation of soot volume fractions within the reaction zone. This imaging technique will allow for real-time observation of soot formation dynamics occurring above the air-blast fuel injector. To further enhance our analysis, we employed simultaneous gaseous and particulate extractive diagnostics, interpreting in-flame particulate information through CO2 sampling, exhaust particle sizing, and particle counting. The processed dataset reveals a promising application of DBI-EI for propulsion emission analysis in high-pressure environments, where optical beam-steering effects can significantly impact results. This report is essential to bridging the divide between in-flame optical diagnostics and exhaust extractive measurements. By achieving an understanding of non-premixed combustion emission characteristics, we attempt to provide invaluable data for computer code validation, advancing the field of combustion research and supporting the development of cleaner, more efficient engines.

high-pressure flame↗

DOE OSTI2022

Stress Birth and Death: Disruptive Computational Mechanics and Novel Diagnostics for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions

Many materials of interest to Sandia transition from fluid to solid or have regions of both phases coexisting simultaneously. Currently there are, unfortunately, no material models that can accurately predict this material response. This is relevant to applications that "birth stress" related to geoscience, nuclear safety, manufacturing, energy production and bioscience. Accurately capturing solidification and residual stress enables fully predictive simulations of the evolving front shape or final product. Accurately resolving flow of proppants or blood could reduce environmental impact or lead to better treatments for heart attacks, thrombosis, or aneurism. We will address a science question in this proposal: When does residual stress develop during the critical transition from liquid to solid and how does it affect material deformation? Our hypothesis is that these early phases of stress development are critical to predictive simulation of material performance, net shape, and aging. In this project, we use advanced constitutive models with yield stress to represent both fluid and solid behavior simultaneously. The report provides an abbreviated description of the results from our LDRD "Stress Birth and Death: Disruptive Computational Mechanics and Novel Diagnostics for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions," since we have written four papers that document the work in detail and which we reference. We give highlights of the work and describe the gravitationally driven flow visualization experiment on a model yield stress fluid, Carbopol, at various concentrations and flow rates. We were able to collapse the data on a single master curve by showing it was self-similar. We also describe the Carbopol rheology and the constitutive equations of interest including the Bingham-Carreau-Yasuda model, the Saramito model, and the HB-Saramito model including parameter estimation for the shear and oscillatory rheology. We present several computational models including the 3D moving mesh simulations of both the Saramito models and Bingham-Carreau-Yasuda (BCY) model. We also show results from the BCY model using a 3D level set method and two different ways of handling reduced order Hele-Shaw modeling for generalized Newtonian fluids. We present some first ever two-dimensional results for the modified Jeffries Kamani-Donley-Rogers constitutive equation developed during this project. We include some recent results with a successful Saramito-level set coupling that allows us to tackle problems with complex geometries like mold filling in a thin gap with an obstacle, without the need for remeshing or remapping. We report on some experiments for curing systems where fluorescent particles are used to track material flow. These experiments were carried out in an oven on Sylgard 184 as a model polymerizing system. We conclude the report with a summary of accomplishments and some thoughts on follow-on work.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2025

Advanced Simulation of ITER Core X-ray Crystal Spectroscopy

X-Ray Simulation Analysis (XRSA) is an analytical ray-tracing mixed code developed specifically for the ITER Core X-Ray Crystal Spectroscopy (XRCS-Core) diagnostic, which employs a dual-reflection configuration incorporating multiple pre-reflectors made of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and spherically curved analyzing crystals. The ITER XRCS-Core is designed for high spectral resolution measurement in specific wavelength ranges, including narrow bands around 1.354 Å for W 64+ , 2.19 Å for Xe 51+ , and 2.555 Å for Xe 44+ and Xe 47+ , enabling diagnostic capability across a broad electron temperature range in the ITER plasma. XRSA facilitates efficient simulation of the spectral performance of this complex X-ray spectroscopic system. Recent updates to the XRSA code have incorporated two critical effects: auto-focusing, which specifically applies to HOPG, and polarization. These two effects are particularly important in the dual-reflection configuration used in the ITER XRCS-Core system to provide more accurate modeling results. Here, simulations conducted with the updated code demonstrate that polarization has a substantial impact on the performance of the dual-reflection system. Additionally, the combined influence of polarization and system layout introduces performance variations across channels through the same crystal.

Computer graphics↗

NASA NTRS2009

An Overview of Prognosis Health Management Research at Glenn Research Center for Gas Turbine Engine Structures With Special Emphasis on Deformation and Damage Modeling

Herein a general, multimechanism, physics-based viscoelastoplastic model is presented in the context of an integrated diagnosis and prognosis methodology which is proposed for structural health monitoring, with particular applicability to gas turbine engine structures. In this methodology, diagnostics and prognostics will be linked through state awareness variable(s). Key technologies which comprise the proposed integrated approach include (1) diagnostic/detection methodology, (2) prognosis/lifing methodology, (3) diagnostic/prognosis linkage, (4) experimental validation, and (5) material data information management system. A specific prognosis lifing methodology, experimental characterization and validation and data information management are the focal point of current activities being pursued within this integrated approach. The prognostic lifing methodology is based on an advanced multimechanism viscoelastoplastic model which accounts for both stiffness and/or strength reduction damage variables. Methods to characterize both the reversible and irreversible portions of the model are discussed. Once the multiscale model is validated the intent is to link it to appropriate diagnostic methods to provide a full-featured structural health monitoring system.

Arnold, Steven M.↗

NASA NTRS2009

An Overview of Prognosis Health Management Research at Glenn Research Center for Gas Turbine Engine Structures With Special Emphasis on Deformation and Damage Modeling

Herein a general, multimechanism, physics-based viscoelastoplastic model is presented in the context of an integrated diagnosis and prognosis methodology which is proposed for structural health monitoring, with particular applicability to gas turbine engine structures. In this methodology, diagnostics and prognostics will be linked through state awareness variable(s). Key technologies which comprise the proposed integrated approach include (1) diagnostic/detection methodology, (2) prognosis/lifing methodology, (3) diagnostic/prognosis linkage, (4) experimental validation, and (5) material data information management system. A specific prognosis lifing methodology, experimental characterization and validation and data information management are the focal point of current activities being pursued within this integrated approach. The prognostic lifing methodology is based on an advanced multimechanism viscoelastoplastic model which accounts for both stiffness and/or strength reduction damage variables. Methods to characterize both the reversible and irreversible portions of the model are discussed. Once the multiscale model is validated the intent is to link it to appropriate diagnostic methods to provide a full-featured structural health monitoring system.

Arnold, Steven M.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Experimental study of high-k turbulence during an energy confinement degradation phase in EAST ohmic plasmas

In this paper, we present experimental studies of both high-k(r) ( cm(-1), and , respectively; ) and high- ( cm(-1), and , respectively; ) turbulence behavior during an ohmic energy confinement degradation phase in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). High-k(r) turbulence from density fluctuation at and high- turbulence from density fluctuation at -0.97 were measured by tangential and poloidal CO2 laser collective scattering diagnostics, respectively. Note that k(r), , and are radial wavenumber, poloidal wavenumber, perpendicular wavenumber and ion gyroradius at electron temperature, respectively. Both high-k(r)/ turbulence power and energy confinement time are found to be temporally correlated to line-averaged electron density n(e) in the plasma current flat-top phase (I-p = 0.4 MA): when the n(e) shows continuous increase/decrease, the high-k(r)/ turbulence power increases/decreases correspondingly and the shows corresponding decrease/increase; the stable n(e) is related to stable both and high-k(r)/ turbulence power. Statistical results of high-k(r)/ turbulence power versus further imply that high-k(r)/ turbulence shows a strong correlation with plasma energy confinement degradation in high line-averaged n(e) condition, but high-k(r) and high- turbulence have relatively weak and no dependence on the transition between linear range in low-n(e) condition and energy confinement degradation in the high-n(e) condition, respectively. Moreover, profiles of electron temperature T-e and n(e) as well as their normalized gradients in a part of high- density fluctuation measurement region also have been given to qualitatively explain the enhancement of turbulence power with the increase of line-averaged n(e).

EAST tokamak↗

DOE OSTI2024

Catalyst Layer Design, Manufacturing and In-line Quality Control

In this project we successfully demonstrated the capabilities of the Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (RSDT) to fabricate large-scale CCMs for advanced PEMWEs that have one-order of magnitude lower PGM loading in their catalyst layers, and performance comparable with the commercial state-of-the-art CCMs. The RSDT is a unique methodology that combines the catalyst synthesis and CCM fabrication in one step and reduces dramatically the time for CCM manufacturing. As fabricated large-scale CCMs with geometric area of 680 cm2 demonstrated excellent activity and durability performance, and the novel duo-recombination layer design paves the way for solving the safety concerns related to PEMWEs. In addition, excellent activity and durability performance has been demonstrated with RSDT fabricated CCMs with thinner membranes and duo RL design. This is a novel approach for further performance improvement of the MEAs for PEMWEs that has been successfully demonstrated for the first time in this project. The integration of the in-situ laser diagnostics system along with the in-line optical quality control system within the RSDT that has been achieved and demonstrated in this project, is an example for possibility of designing and building advanced manufacturing technologies that can meet the requirements of the future manufacturing. Therefore, the RSDT offers a precise real-time monitoring and control of the particles size, composition, loading, porosity, thickness, and defects in the catalysts’ layers, which render this technology as the best candidate for manufacturing of cost effective CCMs for PEMWEs. By using RSDT we successfully met all project’s milestones, Go/No-Go decision, objectives, goals, and deliverables.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2024

Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall

In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗