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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

(abstract) Electronic Packaging for Microspacecraft Applications

The intent of this presentation is to give a brief look into the future of electronic packaging for microspacecraft applications. Advancements in electronic packaging technology areas have developed to the point where a system engineer's visions, concepts, and requirements for a microspacecraft can now be a reality. These new developments are ideal candidates for microspacecraft applications. These technologies are capable of bringing about major changes in how we design future spacecraft while taking advantage of the benefits due to size, weight, power, performance, reliability , and cost. This presentation will also cover some advantages and limitations of surface mount technology (SMT), multichip modules (MCM), and wafer scale integration (WSI), and what is needed to implement these technologies into microspacecraft.

technology multichip modules wafer scale integrati↗
NASA NTRS2003

Topography Experiment (TOPEX) Software Document Series Volume 7: TOPEX Mission Radar Altimeter Engineering Assessment Report, February 1994

This document describes the GSFC/WFF analysis of the on-orbit engineering data from the TOPEX radar altimeter, to establish altimeter performance. In accordance with Project guidelines, neither surface truth nor precision orbital data are used for the engineering assessment of the altimeter. The use of such data would imply not only a more intensive and complete performance evaluation, but also a calibration. Such evaluations and.calibrations are outside the scope of this document and will be presented in a separate Verification Report.

Hancock, David W., III↗
NASA NTRS2016

User's Manual: Routines for Radiative Heat Transfer and Thermometry

Determining the intensity and spectral distribution of radiation emanating from a heated surface has applications in many areas of science and engineering. Areas of research in which the quantification of spectral radiation is used routinely include thermal radiation heat transfer, infrared signature analysis, and radiation thermometry. In the analysis of radiation, it is helpful to be able to predict the radiative intensity and the spectral distribution of the emitted energy. Presented in this report is a set of routines written in Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and incorporating functions specific to Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) that are useful for predicting the radiative behavior of heated surfaces. These routines include functions for calculating quantities of primary importance to engineers and scientists. In addition, the routines also provide the capability to use such information to determine surface temperatures from spectral intensities and for calculating the sensitivity of the surface temperature measurements to unknowns in the input parameters.

opticoelectronic devices↗
NASA NTRS2014

Asteroid, Lunar and Planetary Regolith Management A Layered Engineering Defense

During missions on asteroid and lunar and planetary surfaces, space systems and crew health may be degraded by exposure to dust and dirt. Furthermore, for missions outside the Earth‐Moon system, planetary protection must be considered in efforts to minimize forward and backward contamination. This paper presents an end‐to‐end approach to ensure system reliability, crew health, and planetary protection in regolith environments. It also recommends technology investments that would be required to implement this layered engineering defense.

Wagner, Sandra↗
NASA NTRS2022

Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Thermal Infrared (TIR) Free -Flyer Concept

Scientists and engineers from the United States and Italy are developing a thermal infrared (TIR) free-flyer concept that forms an essential element of the NASA Surface Biology & Geology (SBG) designated observable and the greater NASA Earth System Observatory (ESO), which also includes observations of aerosols, clouds, convection, and precipitation; mass change; and surface deformation & change.In response to the recommendations from the 2017 National Academies decadal survey for Earth science, NASA initiated the SBG designated observable with five key research and applications focus areas: ecosystems and natural resources, hydrology, weather, climate, and solid Earth. SBG includes spaceborne measurements of hyperspectral imagery in the visible to shortwave infrared (0.4-2.5 um) and multispectral imagery in the mid and thermal infrared (3-12 um) that provide the remote sensing data needed to inform each research and applications area. High-level TIR data products include Earth surface temperature & emissivity, evapotranspiration, substrate composition, volcanic plumes, and high-temperature features. While the science, applications, and technology build on prior mission studies conducted for more than a decade, it has only been recently that a joint team of scientists and engineers from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Volcanologia (INGV), and the Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF) have developed a compelling concept for a TIR free-flyer. In this concept, the TIR instrument is an eight-band radiometer. Seven of the bands are between 3 and 12 um with an additional band at 1.65 um. The instrument’s 68.8 deg total viewing angle and the free-flyer’s 665 km operational altitude results in a ground sampling distance (GSD) of <60 m at nadir, produces a swath width of 935 km, and allows for a 2-3-day revisit time. A two-band visible and near infrared (VNIR) camera, with <30 m GSD at nadir and 935 km swath width, will complement the TIR instrument. VNIR high-level data products include top & bottom of atmosphere reflectance and normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI). The TIR instrument and VNIR camera will be mounted on a PLATiNO+ spacecraft, a multi-application, reconfigurable, and scalable platform. The launcher selected for the TIR free-flyer is the VEGA-C. To maximize the science and applications benefits the SBG-TIR free-flyer team are collaborating with personnel from the ESA Land Surface Temperature Monitoring mission (LSTM) as well individuals from the Thermal Infrared Imaging Satellite for High-resolution Natural resource Assessment (TRISHNA), a joint mission by CNES and ISRO. Pre-Phase A concept studies for the SBG-TIR free-flyer commenced in the spring 2021. This allows for the concept to be refined; for technical risks to be identified and mitigated, as necessary; and strategies for reducing the development schedule to be defined and assessed before conducting a NASA-ASI Mission Concept Review (MCR) in the spring of 2022 and a NASA Key Decision Point-A (KDP-A) as early as the summer of 2022. These are key milestones in being able to launch and begin operating the SBG-TIR free-flyer in the second half of the decade, so that many of the questions posed by the National Academies in the 2017 decadal survey can be answered.

Fabrizia-Buongiorno, Maria↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sustainable production of 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine at high titer in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum

The industrial amino acid production workhorse, Corynebacterium glutamicum naturally produces low levels of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a valuable flavor, fragrance, and commodity chemical. Here, we demonstrate TMP production (~0.8 g L –1 ) in C. glutamicum type strain ATCC13032 via overexpression of acetolactate synthase and/or α-acetolactate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 40 g L –1 glucose. This engineered strain also demonstrated growth and TMP production when the minimal medium was supplemented with up to 40% (v v –1 ) hydrolysates derived from ionic liquid-pretreated sorghum biomass. Further, a key objective was to take the fully engineered strain developed in this study and interrogate medium parameters that influence the production of TMP, a critical post-strain engineering optimization. Design of experiments in a high-throughput plate format identified glucose, urea, and their ratio as significant components affecting TMP production. These two components were further optimized using response surface methodology. In the optimized CGXII medium, the engineered strain could produce up to 3.56 g L –1 TMP (4-fold enhancement in titers and 2-fold enhancement in yield, mol mol –1 ) from 80 g L –1 glucose and 11.9 g L –1 urea in shake flask batch cultivation.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2020

Charged Particle Dynamics in the Lunar Environment

As the Artemis Program streams forward, organizations of scientists and engineers across the country have been coming together to solve the complex network of problems to once again achieve the milestone of successfully touching down on the moon. This project is no exception, and it has been an honor to work with the Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory (ESPL), a lab within the Exploration Research and Technology Programs’ Spaceport Technologies Office (UB-G) located at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at Kennedy Space Center (NASA KSC). The authors and their mentor James R. Phillips III3, in tandem with researchers from the Astrodynamics and Space Robotics Laboratory (ASRL) at the University of Central Florida (UCF), have been working on creating a state-of-the-art (SOA) granular gas dynamics model for particulate contamination prevention and mitigation purposes. In essence, the underlying objective for this project is to more accurately model the resulting electrodynamic interactions between lunar regolith grains with applications to dust mitigation and rocket engine plume surface interactions. To achieve this goal, the team has been expanding upon existing open source classical molecular dynamics code developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The following reports on the details of the problem at hand as well as the contributions that the authors have made towards resolution, including but not limited to the encoding of physical attributes and interactions for non-spherical polydisperse particle distributions within various bed geometries and preemptive data analysis implementations. Significant data analysis processes were utilized, and several original algorithms were created to perform critical evaluations, resulting in only a 0.006% error in discrepancy.

Annelisa B Esparza↗
DOE OSTI2020

Waste Shielded Casks Transfer by Funicular from the Surface to Disposal Level in Cigeo - 20007

Andra is completing the detailed engineering phase of Cigeo - the French HLW and ILW-LL DGR. A funicular system is dedicated to the transfer of the waste disposal containers from the surface to the underground infrastructures down the nuclear access ramp. This paper explains the rationale having led to the choice of a funicular and presents the advantages of this system. Main technical components and mechanical performance of the funicular system are then detailed. Lastly, the ongoing two stages qualification testing program managed by Andra (in order to reach a level 6 on the international Technology Readiness Level scale) is discussed. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1992

Engineering, construction, and operations in space - III: Space '92; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Denver, CO, May 31-June 4, 1992. Vols. 1 & 2

The present volume on engineering, construction, and operations in space discusses surface structures on the moon and Mars, surface equipment, construction, and transportation on the moon and Mars, in situ materials use and processing, and space energy. Attention is given to such orbital structures as LEO and the space station, space mining and excavation, space materials, space automation and robotics, and space life support systems. Topics addressed include lunar-based astronomy, space systems integration, terrestrial support for space functions, and space education. Also discussed are space plans, policy, and history, space science and engineering, geoengineering and space exploration, and the construction and development of a human habitat on Mars.

Space life support systems↗
DOE OSTI2022

Engineered disorder in CO 2 photocatalysis

Light harvesting, separation of charge carriers, and surface reactions are three fundamental steps that are essential for an efficient photocatalyst. Here we show that these steps in the TiO 2 can be boosted simultaneously by disorder engineering. A solid-state reduction reaction between sodium and TiO 2 forms a core-shell c-TiO 2 @a-TiO 2-x (OH) y heterostructure, comprised of HO-Ti-[O]-Ti surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) embedded in an amorphous shell surrounding a crystalline core, which enables a new genre of chemical reactivity. Specifically, these SFLPs heterolytically dissociate dihydrogen at room temperature to form charge-balancing protonated hydroxyl groups and hydrides at unsaturated titanium surface sites, which display high reactivity towards CO 2 reduction. This crystalline-amorphous heterostructure also boosts light absorption, charge carrier separation and transfer to SFLPs, while prolonged carrier lifetimes and photothermal heat generation further enhance reactivity. The collective results of this study motivate a general approach for catalytically generating sustainable chemicals and fuels through engineered disorder in heterogeneous CO 2 photocatalysts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1992

An engineering aerodynamic heating method for hypersonic flow

A capability to calculate surface heating rates has been incorporated in an approximate three-dimensional inviscid technique. Surface streamlines are calculated from the inviscid solution, and the axisymmetric analog is then used along with a set of approximate convective-heating equations to compute the surface heat transfer. The method is applied to blunted axisymmetric and three-dimensional ellipsoidal cones at angle of attack for the laminar flow of a perfect gas. The method is also applicable to turbulent and equilibrium-air conditions. The present technique predicts surface heating rates that compare favorably with experimental (ground-test and flight) data and numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes (NS) and viscous shock-layer (VSL) equations. The new technique represents a significant improvement over current engineering aerothermal methods with only a modest increase in computational effort.

Riley, Christopher J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

An Engineering Aerodynamic Heating Method for Hypersonic Flow

A capability to calculate surface heating rates has been incorporated in an approximate three-dimensional inviscid technique. Surface streamlines are calculated from the inviscid solution, and the axisymmetric analog is then used along with a set of approximate convective-heating equations to compute the surface heat transfer. The method is applied to blunted axisymmetric and three-dimensional ellipsoidal cones at angle of attack for the laminar flow of a perfect gas. The method is also applicable to turbulent and equilibrium-air conditions. The present technique predicts surface heating rates that compare favorably with experimental (ground-test and flight) data and numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes (NS) and viscous shock-layer (VSL) equations. The new technique represents a significant improvement over current engineering aerothermal methods with only a modest increase in computational effort.

Riley, Christopher J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Analysis of particulate contamination on tape lift samples from the VETA optical surfaces

Particulate contamination analysis was carried out on samples taken from the Verification Engineering Test Article (VETA) x-ray detection system. A total of eighteen tape lift samples were taken from the VETA optical surfaces. Initially, the samples were tested using a scanning electron microscope. Additionally, particle composition was determined by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Results are presented in terms of particle loading per sample.

Germani, Mark S.↗
DOE OSTI2023

First-Principles Investigation of Near-Surface Divacancies in Silicon Carbide

The realization of quantum sensors using spin defects in semiconductors requires a thorough understanding of the physical properties of the defects in the proximity of surfaces. We report a study of the divacancy (V Si V C ) in 3C-SiC, a promising material for quantum applications, as a function of surface reconstruction and termination with -H, -OH, -F and oxygen groups. Here we show that a V Si V C close to hydrogen-terminated (2 x 1) surfaces is a robust spin-defect with a triplet ground state and no surface states in the band gap and with small variations of many of its physical properties relative to the bulk, including the zero-phonon line and zero-field splitting. However, the Debye-Waller factor decreases in the vicinity of the surface and our calculations indicate it may be improved by strain-engineering. Overall our results show that the V Si V C close to SiC surfaces is a promising spin defect for quantum applications, similar to its bulk counterpart.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1979

Two priority cargo earth-to-orbit transports

Two priority cargo earth-to-orbit transports are described. One of the vehicles is powered by all-LOX/hydrogen rocket engines. The vehicle is launched vertically but is equipped with aero-surfaces (delta wings and canards) for horizontal landing. The second vehicle is powered by engines utilizing dual fuels (hydrogen and hydrocarbon), the latter concept giving a more compact vehicle. The vehicle is designed for horizontal takeoff and horizontal landing. Both vehicle concepts are used for identification of possible future technology needs.

Macconochie, I. O.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Uncertainties in predicting turbine blade metal temperatures

An analysis is presented of the effects of the hot-gas and coolant temperatures, the gas-to-blade and blade-to-coolant heat transfer coefficients, and the thermal conductances of a metal wall and a ceramic thermal-barrier coating on the prediction of local turbine-blade surface temperatures. The analysis was applied to the conditions of an advanced turbofan engine and a 1700 K, 40 atm turbine test rig, and to conditions that simulated the engine at 756 K and 15.6 atm. The results showed that with current information on boundary conditions, geometry, heat-transfer coefficients, and material thermal properties, the uncertainty in predicting and verifying local turbine-blade surface temperatures in an average engine is 98 kelvins or 7.6% of the reference metal absolute temperature for uncoated blades, and 62 kelvins or 5.7% for ceramic-thermal-barrier-coated blades.

Stepka, F. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Physical properties of the Martian surface from the Viking 1 lander - Preliminary results

Examination of the erosion of the surface of Mars caused by the descent engines of the Viking 1 lander indicates that the soil is stronger and/or denser than the 'lunar nominal' soil (an artificially produced soil with a particle size distribution similar to results for lunar soils obtained by Apollo 11) used in preflight site alteration tests. There is further evidence to suggest that the finer grains are not as small as those of the lunar nominal material, and that the soil under the lander footpads is relatively stiff. The crater, depressions, and ejecta associated with the impact of a latch pin which fell from the surface sampler are consistent with terrestrial soils with very low cohesions, small grain size, and a density of 1.2 to 1.7 g/cu cm.

Shorthill, R. W.↗