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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Kinematic Imbalance Measurements with Pionless Events at MicroBooNE

MicroBooNE is an 89-ton liquid argon TPC in the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. This talk will present two recent measurements of kinematic imbalance in CC0pi events with single protons in the final state, using three years of MicroBooNE data. The two measurements focus on kinematic imbalance in the plane transverse to the neutrino beam, and a generalisation that extends the measurement in the longitudinal direction. These data are highly sensitive to the details of the nuclear ground state, and final state interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study of CC2p0$\pi$ Event Topologies in the MicroBooNE Detector

The precise measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters is a critical component of understanding neutrino oscillations. As future accelerator neutrino experiments will utilize 40 Ar as the target nucleus it is important to understand the influence that nuclear effects have on neutrino-nucleon cross-sections. Processes that lead to 2 particle-2 hole (2p2h) states are of particular interest, such as Meson Exchange Currents (MEC) and Short Range Nucleon-Nucleon Correlations. In the MicroBooNE detector, a charged-current interaction that produced a 2p2h state would create a 3 track topology with 1 muon and 2 protons connected to a single interaction vertex (CC2p0$\pi$). We present here a study of MicroBooNE’s potential sensitivity to a variety of MEC models as well as CC2p0$\pi$ events selected from a combination of data collected from the first 3 years of running of the MicroBooNE experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of Low-$Q^2$ Protons from Neutral Current Events in Argon with MicroBooNE

The MicroBooNE experiment is an 85 ton active mass liquid-argon time projection chamber located at the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beamline. MicroBooNE’s ability to detect low-energy protons allows us to study single-proton events with a four-momentum transfer squared Q 2 as low as 0.10 GeV 2 . We present a differential cross-section measurement of a signal with one proton and no other particles (NC1p) in the final state. We report the flux-averaged NC1p differential cross section dσ/dT for neutrinos scattering on argon as a function of proton kinetic energy T using a subset of MicroBooNE’s data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

New Tables for Infrasound Event Catalogs with a Focus on Machine Learning

Natural and anthropogenic sources such as volcanoes, earthquakes, auroral processes, chemical and nuclear explosions, rocket launches, and aircraft can generate infrasound, sound with frequencies less than 20 Hz. Both the availability of infrasound data and interest in machine learning (ML) applications have grown in recent years. Large, open-source datasets are essential to solving complex ML problems, but the field of infrasound is lacking in this arena. To increase the utility of ML for infrasound, here we present new tables for infrasound event catalogs. It is the aim that these tables be incorporated into both existing and future infrasound processing pipelines to generate large datasets ripe for use with ML/DL methods.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Preliminary Screening of Features, Events, and Processes for an Arctic-Focused Climate Intervention Performance Assessment

Geoengineering, the deliberate large-scale intervention in Earth's climate system, holds significant potential in the rapidly warming Arctic, where temperatures currently rise at more than twice the global average, accelerating ice sheet and permafrost melt. This contributes to global sea-level rise and releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Strategies like solar radiation management (SRM) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) could mitigate these effects; for instance, SRM techniques aim to reflect a portion of the sun's energy back into space, potentially slowing ice melt and stabilizing permafrost. However, geoengineering in the Arctic faces challenges, including potential unintended consequences on the fragile ecosystem, disruption of local weather patterns, and impacts on indigenous communities. Effective governance requires robust international cooperation, environmental impact assessments, and regulatory frameworks. Despite these challenges, geoengineering's potential benefits make it a critical research area. This report explores application of the Performance Assessment (PA) methodology to Arctic Climate Intervention, providing an initial screening of relevant features, events, and processes (FEPs). At the core of the PA approach is the identification and evaluation of FEPs that could impact the performance of the intervention scheme. Here we provide an initial screening of FEPs to consider in the application of PA to Arctic Climate Intervention.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Comparative Study of Quasi-Particle Burst Events in Transmon Qubits made with Different Materials and Geometries

Superconducting qubits are susceptible to various noise sources, including cosmic rays. ambient gamma and infrared radiation, which can significantly impact their performance. High-energy radiations deposit energy into the qubit substrate, generating high-energy phonons that disrupt Cooper pairs and create quasi-particles (QPs). Infrared photons, on the other hand can directly create QPs. The tunneling of these quasi-particles across Josephson junctions leads to qubit de-excitation and causes relaxation errors. In this study, we utilize a fast feedback mechanism for qubit reset to detect QP burst events with high time resolution [1]. We investigate transmon qubits fabricated with different encapsulations [2], geometries, and substrates at the above-ground laboratory of the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) center at Fermilab. Our preliminary results are presented, with discussions on their implications for the performance of modern quantum hardware. [1] Dominicis and Roy et al.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Discrete-Event Model of WIPP Operations

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is the critical component of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Transuranic Radioactive Waste (TRU) disposition infrastructure. Quantifying the operations ofWIPP with a discrete-event model demonstrates the capability to assess efficiency, identity bottlenecks, and improve future operations. Such a model has been developed with the simulation software ExtendSim. This report outlines the structure of that model, summarizes the model's successful reproduction of the annual amount of emplaced waste, and demonstrates that WIPP is successfully receiving and emplacing waste at a rate consistent with the rate at which the waste arrives. The model serves as a first step toward future production enhancements at WIPP. Those enhancements will rely on close collaboration with the Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO), accurate interpretation and incorporation of the model results, and effective planning with other DOE Environmental Management (DOE-EM) entities.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

Intelligent Triggers for Rare Event Detection in Liquid Argon Detectors

Next-generation neutrino experiments like SBND and DUNE rely on Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs), which produce exceptionally detailed data at high volume. Capturing rare or unexpected events in real-time is a major challenge. Our project explores the use of machine learning, specifically autoencoder-based anomaly detection, to identify unusual activity directly from raw detector signals. Inspired by successes at the CMS experiment, we demonstrate that such methods can be adapted to LArTPCs and show promising results in both simulated studies and early steps toward real-time hardware deployment. This approach could open new avenues for detecting signals from physics beyond the Standard Model.

Chung, Seokju [Columbia U. (main)]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerating Neutrino Event Generation in MARLEY Using CUDA-Based RNG and GPU Parallelization

MARLEY is a simulation tool that helps scientists study how low-energy neutrinos interact with matter. To work properly, MARLEY uses random numbers thousands of times in each simulation. These random numbers are important for modeling things like how neutrinos collide with atoms and what particles they produce. Right now, MARLEY runs on a regular computer processor (CPU) and uses a built-in random number generator called the Mersenne Twister. This setup works, but it can be slow, especially when trying to simulate many events. This research focuses on making MARLEY run faster by moving the random number generation and some of the repetitive calculations from the CPU to a graphics processing unit (GPU), which can handle many tasks at the same time. We use CUDA (a tool for programming NVIDIA GPUs) and cuRAND (a GPU-based random number library) to test faster alternatives to the current random number system. We compare different GPU-based generators, like curand_mtgp32, xorwow, and philox, to see which ones are the quickest and still give reliable results. Early tests show that using the GPU can make MARLEY simulations much faster. This project not only helps improve current simulation performance but also moves closer to a full simulation chain where all stages can run on modern GPU hardware.

Dunkley, Kimieka [Florida A-M]↗
DOE OSTI2024

A rapid, pulsed laser testing approach for single event latch-up screening in microelectronics

A pulsed laser testing system for rapid screening of single-event latch-up (SEL) in microelectronics with real-time visualization of sensitive nodes via photo-emission is presented. We provide a detailed overview of the system, followed by SEL threshold measurements in an analog-to-digital converter (AD9240). We find that SEL thresholds are comparable to measurements taken with a low-repetition rate, fixed beam system, and demonstrate full-die scanning speeds can be an order of magnitude faster

Andrus, Liam Padraic↗
DOE OSTI2025

Understanding Climate and Extreme Weather Events in the Greater New York Area

The goal of this project is to create a framework for modeling extreme events using climate information for risk assessment in the Greater New York City (NYC) region. The central research question we addressed was how best can we use information from historical climate data and numerical models of the climate system to estimate changing risks of rainfall extremes at specific locations – starting with the NYC region as a testbed.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Examining Aerosol Vertical Transport and Removal during Deep Convective Events

Atmospheric aerosols affect the global energy budget by scattering and absorbing sunlight (direct effects) and by changing the microphysical structure, lifetime, and coverage of clouds (indirect effects). Globally, the free troposphere is a major source of nucleation- and Aitken-mode aerosols due to the enhanced new particle formation rates at high altitudes. Recent studies have shown deep convective systems are capable of transporting these small aerosols from the free troposphere to the boundary layer by strong convective downdrafts and weaker downward motions in the stratiform regions. These vertically transported aerosols can grow into cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and play a significant role in the global climate. During the deep convective processes, existing accumulation-mode aerosols that act as coagulation sinks of smaller particles are also removed by wet scavenging. Compared to the vertical transport of these particles by entrainment mixing, which is slower but more prevalent, the deep convective downdraft processes may be more rapid and efficient in the vertical transport of aerosols. However, most of the current climate models do not include this mechanism as a source of CCN, mainly because the frequency of deep convective events varies significantly with geographic location and thus their contributions to CCN are unpredictable. We target this critical gap in understanding the vertical transport and removal of aerosols by deep convections. We proposed to analyze a multi-year, multi-site measurement record available from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) ARM program, including the observations from the 2014/15 Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign, the 2017/18 Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) field campaign, the 2018/19 Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign, the 2021/22 Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) field campaign, and the long-term measurements collected at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory, where deep convective clouds were frequently observed. This project is aimed at the following three objectives: (1) Gaining a detailed and quantitative understanding of the aerosols transported by a convective downdraft and their evolution in the atmosphere; (2) Examining the wet scavenging mechanisms and efficiencies of aerosols at altitudes of deep convective systems based on ground and aircraft measurements; (3) Evaluating the contribution of deep convective systems to CCN as both a source and a sink of atmospheric aerosols and its seasonal variabilities.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of NuMI Dirt Monte Carlo Events in the ICARUS T600 Detector (Fermilab Internship Final Report)

The moving of the Icarus detector from Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso to Fermilab in order to pursue the physics goals of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program has introduced the necessity of a more careful study of backgrounds. In this work some developments of the validation of the Monte Carlo backgrounds for the Icarus run 1 data taking are presented, focusing on the study of the so called “Dirt” events from the NuMI beamline. In particular the analysis hints at a possible underestimation of the muon background. Hopefully this issue will be solved at a later stage of the analysis with the inclusion of components that were not considered in the present work.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Optimizing TinyTPC Test Stand for Low Energy Event Reconstruction

Introducing dopants into liquid argon offers a promising avenue to enhance the sensitivity and performance of LAr detectors such as DUNE. To explore this opportunity, we are optimizing and deploying the TinyTPC test stand, a compact time projection chamber with LArPix readout to study the effects of photosensitive dopants on the charge detected. TinyTPC enables comparative measurements of low-energy responses under various operational configurations and provides a platform to study the behavior of pixel readouts at low energy. We ensured system reliability through continuous current and voltage monitoring, modeling the detector's electrical behavior, and indirectly estimating total resistance under testing conditions. We ran the Blanche cryostat under various thresholds and gain configurations to evaluate their potential impact to low-energy event reconstruction and advancing R&D efforts for dopant integration in neutrino detectors

Van Loenen, Drew [Franciscan U. Steubenville]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Phenomenological Chiral Perturbation Theory for Event Generators

Understanding neutrino induced single pion production off of nucleons is crucial for accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments. To this end, we use chiral perturbation theory to determine the forms of meson and baryon interactions and then modify the vertices using form factors. We implement this single pion production model in an event generator pipeline that will be available to the wider community.

Toman, Miša [UC, Irvine] (ORCID:0009000326471281)↗