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At least 991 records · Page 55

Conversion of Resonance Parameters Between Wigner-Eisenbud R-matrix and Transition Matrix Pole Representation

The goal of this research is to develop a numerical code for translation between the current standard, Wigner-Eisenbud R-matrix parameters and a novel pole-representation of cross sections. The method follows Ducru et al. and constructs the conversion between these parametric representations of the scattering and reaction data. This pole representation, which expresses cross sections as a sum of simple poles (and their attendant residues), is examined in the context of the advantages provided by this compact, computationally efficient representation. These advantages include the ability to doppler broaden cross sections on-the-fly as well as a lower memory footprint when generating cross sections, an attractive feature to those interested in parallel GPU based Monte Carlo. Some conversion methods between R-matrix parameters and S-matrix poles have relied on curve fitting techniques. It is unknown weather these numerical methods necessarily preserve certain underlying physics properties of the standard R-matrix cross section model (such as unitarity). The direct conversion studied here aim to preserve such properties. This knowledge is of interest for future work into the generation of resonance parameter sensitivities.

CLUTCH↗

National Impact of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 is the U.S. national commercial building model energy code and it has a significant impact on many programs and policies that impact energy savings across the United States and the world. Determining the energy savings from the latest edition of Standard 90.1 relative to previous editions is critical for beyond code programs and for others setting energy performance targets. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed prototype building models to determine the energy savings from 90.1-2016 standard. This paper presents the rigorous modeling and development process that PNNL has established and its applications. In addition, the energy savings results of Standard 90.1-2016 are described.

Liu, Bing↗

Estimating internal moisture generation rates in recently constructed, occupied homes in the southeastern United States

Internal moisture generation (IMG), or moisture generated by building occupants via activities such as respiration, cooking, bathing, and cleaning, is a critical input required for design, analysis, and simulation of building enclosure and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Based on previously published values, ASHRAE Standard 160-2021 provides guidance for estimating IMG rates for moisture control design analysis, which is based on occupied home datasets collected in the 1980s and 1990s. Residential energy use simulation software also utilizes estimates for IMG for energy rating, energy analysis, and code compliance calculations, as specified in ANSI/RESNET/ICC Standard 301. Data quantifying IMG rates in newer homes is useful in determining the continued relevance of current design and simulation guidance, and whether the guidance represents conditions found in new housing stock. ASHRAE Research Project 1844, conducted by the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a research institute of the University of Central Florida, estimated IMG rates in newer occupied homes built since 2013 in the southeastern US using a moisture balance model approach. Furthermore, the project obtained occupied home data in cooperation with a US Department of Energy Building America research project to characterize indoor air quality (IAQ) in newer US homes, along with presence, functionality, and occupant use of control measures. Full-scale laboratory homes operating with known IMG rates were used to validate a moisture balance model and quantify the accuracy of estimates obtained when the model is applied to data from occupied homes with unknown IMG rates.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

Tomopy: A Python toolbox to perform X-Ray data proessing and image reconstruction.

Tomopy is a Python toolbox to perform x-ray data processing, image reconstruction and data exchange tasks at synchrotron facilities. The dependencies of the software are currently as follows: -Python related python standard library (http://docs.python.org/2/library/) numpy (http://www.numpy.org/) scipy (http://scipy.org/) matplotlib (http://matplotlip.org/) sphinx (http://sphinx-doc.org) pil (http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/) pyhdf (http://pysclint.sourceforge.net/pyhdf/) h5py (http://www.h5py.org) pywt (http://www.pybytes.com/pywavelets/) file.py (https://pyspec.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/pyspec/trunk/pyspec/ccd/files.py) -C/C++ related: gridec (anonymous?? C-code written back in 1997 that uses standard C library) fftw (http://www.fftw.org/) tomoRecon (multi-threaded C++ verion of gridrec. Author: Mark Rivers from APS. http://cars9.uchicago.edu/software/epics/tomoRecon.html) epics (http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/)

Source record↗

Tomopy: A Python toolbox to perform X-Ray data proessing and image reconstruction.

Tomopy is a Python toolbox to perform x-ray data processing, image reconstruction and data exchange tasks at synchrotron facilities. The dependencies of the software are currently as follows: -Python related python standard library (http://docs.python.org/2/library/) numpy (http://www.numpy.org/) scipy (http://scipy.org/) matplotlib (http://matplotlip.org/) sphinx (http://sphinx-doc.org) pil (http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/) pyhdf (http://pysclint.sourceforge.net/pyhdf/) h5py (http://www.h5py.org) pywt (http://www.pybytes.com/pywavelets/) file.py (https://pyspec.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/pyspec/trunk/pyspec/ccd/files.py) -C/C++ related: gridec (anonymous?? C-code written back in 1997 that uses standard C library) fftw (http://www.fftw.org/) tomoRecon (multi-threaded C++ verion of gridrec. Author: Mark Rivers from APS. http://cars9.uchicago.edu/software/epics/tomoRecon.html) epics (http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/)

Source record↗

Development of Ultra-Fine Multigroup Cross Section Library of the AMPX/SCALE Code Packages

The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications (VERA) neutronic simulator MPACT is being developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Michigan for various reactor applications. The MPACT and simplified MPACT 51- and 252-group cross section libraries have been developed for the MPACT neutron transport calculations by using the AMPX and Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluations (SCALE) code packages developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It has been noted that the conventional AMPX/SCALE procedure has limited applications for fast-spectrum systems such as boiling water reactor (BWR) fuels with very high void fractions and fast reactor fuels because of its poor accuracy in unresolved and fast energy regions. This lack of accuracy can introduce additional error sources to MPACT calculations, which is already limited by the Bondarenko approach for resolved resonance self-shielding calculation. To enhance the prediction accuracy of MPACT for fast-spectrum reactor analyses, the accuracy of the AMPX/SCALE code packages should be improved first. The purpose of this study is to identify the major problems of the AMPX/SCALE procedure in generating fast-spectrum cross sections and to devise ways to improve the accuracy. For this, various benchmark problems including a typical pressurized water reactor fuel, BWR fuels with various void fractions, and several fast reactor fuels were analyzed using the AMPX 252-group libraries. Isotopic reaction rates were determined by SCALE multigroup (MG) calculations and compared with continuous energy (CE) Monte Carlo calculation results. This reaction rate analysis revealed three main contributors to the observed differences in reactivity and reaction rates: (1) the limitation of the Bondarenko approach in coarse energy group structure, (2) the normalization issue of probability tables, and (3) neglect of the self-shielding effect of resonance-like cross sections at high energy range such as (n,p) cross section of Cl35. The first error source can be eliminated by an ultra-fine group (UFG) structure in which the broad scattering resonances of intermediate-weight nuclides can be represented accurately by a piecewise constant function. A UFG AMPX library was generated with modified probability tables and tested against various benchmark problems. The reactivity and reaction rates determined with the new UFG AMPX library agreed very well with respect to Monte Carlo Neutral Particle (MCNP) results. To enhance the lattice calculation accuracy without significantly increasing the computational time, performing the UFG lattice calculation in two steps was proposed. In the first step, a UFG slowing-down calculation is performed for the corresponding homogenized composition, and UFG cross sections are collapsed into an intermediate group structure. In the second step, the lattice calculation is performed for the intermediate group level using the condensed group cross sections. A preliminary test showed that the condensed library reproduces the results obtained with the UFG cross section library. This result suggests that the proposed two-step lattice calculation approach is a promising option to enhance the applicability of the AMPX/SCALE system to fast system analysis.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DIC Challenge: Developing Images and Guidelines for Evaluating Accuracy and Resolution of 2D Analyses

With the rapid spread in use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) globally, it is important there be some standard methods of verifying and validating DIC codes. To this end, the DIC Challenge board was formed and is maintained under the auspices of the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM) and the international DIC society (iDICs). The goal of the DIC Board and the 2D–DIC Challenge is to supply a set of well-vetted sample images and a set of analysis guidelines for standardized reporting of 2D–DIC results from these sample images, as well as for comparing the inherent accuracy of different approaches and for providing users with a means of assessing their proper implementation. This document will outline the goals of the challenge, describe the image sets that are available, and give a comparison between 12 commercial and academic 2D–DIC codes using two of the challenge image sets.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

City Reach Code Technical Support Document

This report describes and analyzes a set of energy efficiency measures that will save 20% energy over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013. The measures will be used to formulate a Reach Code for cities aiming to go beyond national model energy codes. A coalition of U.S. cities together with other stakeholders wanted to facilitate the development of voluntary guidelines and standards that can be implemented in stages at the city level to improve building energy efficiency. The coalition's efforts are being supported by the U.S. Department of Energy via Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and in collaboration with the New Buildings Institute.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

Flux in a 1D-Reactor Cell by Response Matrix

Legacy computational reactor physics software tools and protocols currently used in support of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) core fuel management and safety assurance, and to some extent, experiment management, are inconsistent with the state of modern nuclear engineering practice. Thus, they are difficult, if not impossible, to verify and validate (V and V) according to modern standards. Furthermore, the legacy staff knowledge required for effective application of their application and protocols from the 1960's and 1970's is rapidly being lost due to staff turnover and retirements. In late 2009, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) initiated a focused effort, the ATR Core Modeling Update Project, to address this situation through the introduction of modern high-fidelity transport theory based computational software and models to replace the legacy methods, with appropriate (V and V) protocols according to applicable national standards. The new computational tools include: - The 2-dimensional HELIOS deterministic transport code for integrated ATR core fuel and experiment management and Core Safety Analysis Package (CSAP) physics data generation. The MCNP5 3-dimensional stochastic simulation (Monte Carlo) code for verification and validation applications and for specialized ATR core analysis along with its longstanding traditional role in experiment support - The 2-dimensional deterministic NEWT transport code and the 3-dimensional KENO6 stochastic simulation code, with their SCALE-based support infrastructure for use in V and V applications and as supporting modules for sensitivity-uncertainty analysis via the TSUNAMI system. The ATTILA 3-dimensional discrete-ordinates transport code for specialized experiment support and possibly additional applications. Regardless of application, every neutron transport code, new or legacy, requires verification. The aim of this presentation is to provide a neutron transport benchmark for a simple 1D-reactor cell in plane geometry. The benchmark finds use as a standard of comparison for the codes listed above intended for the ATR upgrade. The method developed here is in contrast to the finite Fourier transform solution found in Ref. 1, which is limited to isotropic scattering and particularly difficult to numerically implement unless the total cross section is constant over the cell.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Interconnection of Distributed Energy Resources in the Indian Context: IEEE 1547-2018 Adaptation for Locally-Appropriate Grid Code Development

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources (DERs) in India and ambitious renewable energy goals set forth by the Indian government have created the need for appropriate distribution interconnection standards to ensure continued system stability, reliability, and resilience. Existing DER interconnection codes in India, at the time of publishing this report, lack many of the critical grid support functionalities for DERs which may protect bulk system stability, such as event ride-through provisions, frequency droop control, or appropriate trip thresholds given the increasing importance of distributed generation. The formal adoption of IEEE 1547-2018 by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) marks a significant step towards achieving appropriate interconnection of DERs, though the implementation of such a standard must be accompanied with careful consideration of the current codes, regulations, and operation of the Indian power system. Studies on the performance of the functionalities within 1547-2018, which properly incorporate local operating conditions, can inform decisions related to the adoption and adaptation of the clauses present in the standard. This report outlines several of these key considerations for stakeholders and provides analyses illustrating the performance of grid support functionalities on typical Indian distribution feeders.

1547↗

NESHAPs CY19 Report: Radionuclide Air Emission Report for 2019

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC operates facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in which radionuclides are handled and stored. These facilities are subject to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Part 61, Subpart H, which regulates radionuclide emissions to air from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Specifically, NESHAPs limits the emission of radionuclides to the ambient air to levels resulting in an annual effective dose equivalent of 10 mrem (100 μSv) to any member of the public. Using measured and calculated emissions, and building-specific and common parameters, LLNL personnel applied the EPA-approved computer code, CAP88-PC, Version 4.0.1.17, to calculate the dose to the maximally exposed individual member of the public for the Livermore Site and Site 300. In 2019, LLNL maintained its compliance with 40 CFR 61, Subpart H. All radioactive air emissions resulted in calculated doses far below the annual 10 mrem (100 μSv) sitewide standard. The annual doses to the site-wide maximally exposed individual member of the public at the Livermore Site and Site 300 from planned and unplanned operations in 2019 are: Livermore Site: 4.3 x 10⁻³ mrem (4.3 x 10⁻² μSv); Site 300: 9.5 x 10⁻⁸ mrem (9.5 x 10⁻⁷ μSv).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Building energy simulation in real time through an open standard interface

Building energy models (BEMs) are typically used for design and code compliance for new buildings and in the renovation of existing buildings to predict energy use. We present the increasing adoption of BEM as standard practice in the building industry presents an opportunity to extend the use of BEMs into construction, commissioning and operation. In 2009, the authors developed a real-time simulation framework to execute an EnergyPlus model in real time to improve building operation. This paper reports an enhancement of that real-time energy simulation framework. The previous version only works with software tools that implement the custom co-simulation interface of the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB), such as EnergyPlus, Dymola and TRNSYS. The new version uses an open standard interface, the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI), to provide a generic interface to any application that supports the FMI protocol. In addition, the new version utilizes the Simple Measurement and Actuation Profile (sMAP) tool as the data acquisition system to acquire, store and present data. Lastly, this paper introduces the updated architecture of the real-time simulation framework using FMI and presents proof-of-concept demonstration results which validate the new framework.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

MuSim, a Graphical User Interface for Multiple Simulation Programs

MuSim is a new user-friendly program designed to interface to many different particle simulation codes, regardless of their data formats or geometry descriptions. It presents the user with a compelling graphical user interface that includes a flexible 3-D view of the simulated world plus powerful editing and drag-and-drop capabilities. All aspects of the design can be parametrized so that parameter scans and optimizations are easy. It is simple to create plots and display events in the 3-D viewer (with a slider to vary the transparency of solids), allowing for an effortless comparison of different simulation codes. Simulation codes: G4beamline, MAD-X, and MCNP; more coming. Many accelerator design tools and beam optics codes were written long ago, with primitive user interfaces by today's standards. MuSim is specifically designed to make it easy to interface to such codes, providing a common user experience for all, and permitting the construction and exploration of models with very little overhead. For today's technology-driven students, graphical interfaces meet their expectations far better than text-based tools, and education in accelerator physics is one of our primary goals.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Assessment of the Draft AIAA S-119 Flight Dynamic Model Exchange Standard

An assessment of a draft AIAA standard for flight dynamics model exchange, ANSI/AIAA S-119-2011, was conducted on behalf of NASA by a team from the NASA Engineering and Safety Center. The assessment included adding the capability of importing standard models into real-time simulation facilities at several NASA Centers as well as into analysis simulation tools. All participants were successful at importing two example models into their respective simulation frameworks by using existing software libraries or by writing new import tools. Deficiencies in the libraries and format documentation were identified and fixed; suggestions for improvements to the standard were provided to the AIAA. An innovative tool to generate C code directly from such a model was developed. Performance of the software libraries compared favorably with compiled code. As a result of this assessment, several NASA Centers can now import standard models directly into their simulations. NASA is considering adopting the now-published S-119 standard as an internal recommended practice.

Jackson, E. Bruce↗

Dependency graph for code analysis on emerging architectures

Direct acyclic dependency (DAG) graph is becoming the standard for modern multi-physics codes.The ideal DAG is the true block-scheme of a multi-physics code. Therefore, it is the convenient object for insitu analysis of the cost of computations and algorithmic bottlenecks related to statistical frequent data motion and dymanical machine state.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

An enhanced version of an implicit code for the Euler equations

A two-dimensional implicit finite-difference code is applied to the inviscid Euler equations to compute transonic flow past airfoils in order to provide well-documented standard test cases for the general user community. The code is an improved version of Steger's 1976 implicit code. Enhancements include the use of up-wind differencing in supersonic regions before shocks and a variable time step to accelerate convergence. An airfoil grid generation routine based on algebraic techniques is employed. The grids are clustered near shocks to improve resolution. Computed results are compared with other numerical results from the literature.

Pulliam, T. H.↗

Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species

The transcriptome is the readout of the genome. Identifying common features in it across distant species can reveal fundamental principles. To this end, the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia have generated large amounts of matched RNA-sequencing data for human, worm and fly. Uniform processing and comprehensive annotation of these data allow comparison across metazoan phyla, extending beyond earlier within-phylum transcriptome comparisons and revealing ancient, conserved features[1,2,3,4,5,6]. Specifically, we discovered co-expression modules shared across animals, many of which are enriched in developmental genes. Moreover, we used expression patterns to align the stages in worm and fly development, finding a novel pairing between worm embryo and fly pupae, in addition to the expected embryo-to-embryo and larvae-to-larvae pairings. Furthermore, we found that the extent of non-canonical, non-coding transcription is similar in each organism, per base-pair. Finally, we found in all three organisms the gene-expression levels, both coding and non-coding, can be quantitatively predicted from chromatin features at the promoter using a “universal model,” based on a single set of organism-independent parameters. Our comparison used the ENCODE-modENCODE RNA resource (Fig. ED1). This resource comprises: (1) deeply sequenced RNA-Seq data from many distinct samples from all three organisms; (2) comprehensive annotation of transcribed elements and (3) uniformly processed, standardized analysis files, focusing on non-coding transcription and expression patterns. Where practical, these datasets match comparable samples across organisms and to other types of functional genomics data. In total, the resource contains 575 different experiments containing >67B sequence reads. It encompasses many different RNA types, including poly(A)+, poly(A)- and ribosomal-RNA-depleted RNA and short and long RNA.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Unified aeroacoustics analysis for high speed turboprop aerodynamics and noise. Volume 3: Application of theory for blade loading, wakes, noise, and wing shielding

Results of the program for the generation of a computer prediction code for noise of advanced single rotation, turboprops (prop-fans) such as the SR3 model are presented. The code is based on a linearized theory developed at Hamilton Standard in which aerodynamics and acoustics are treated as a unified process. Both steady and unsteady blade loading are treated. Capabilities include prediction of steady airload distributions and associated aerodynamic performance, unsteady blade pressure response to gust interaction or blade vibration, noise fields associated with thickness and steady and unsteady loading, and wake velocity fields associated with steady loading. The code was developed on the Hamilton Standard IBM computer and has now been installed on the Cray XMP at NASA-Lewis. The work had its genesis in the frequency domain acoustic theory developed at Hamilton Standard in the late 1970s. It was found that the method used for near field noise predictions could be adapted as a lifting surface theory for aerodynamic work via the pressure potential technique that was used for both wings and ducted turbomachinery. In the first realization of the theory for propellers, the blade loading was represented in a quasi-vortex lattice form. This was upgraded to true lifting surface loading. Originally, it was believed that a purely linear approach for both aerodynamics and noise would be adequate. However, two sources of nonlinearity in the steady aerodynamics became apparent and were found to be a significant factor at takeoff conditions. The first is related to the fact that the steady axial induced velocity may be of the same order of magnitude as the flight speed and the second is the formation of leading edge vortices which increases lift and redistribute loading. Discovery and properties of prop-fan leading edge vortices were reported in two papers. The Unified AeroAcoustic Program (UAAP) capabilites are demonstrated and the theory verified by comparison with the predictions with data from tests at NASA-Lewis. Steady aerodyanmic performance, unsteady blade loading, wakes, noise, and wing and boundary layer shielding are examined.

Hanson, D. B.↗